DATA HANDLING

Nowadays, managing and representing data systematically has become very

important especially when the data provided is large and complex, This is when Data
Handling comes into the picture. The definition of Data handling is in the title itself, that
is, Handling the data in such a way that it becomes easier for people to understand and
comprehend the given information. Hence, The process of collecting,
Recording, and representing data in some form of graph or chart to make it easy for
people to understand is called Data handling.
Statistics is another term for data handling, and it is useful not only in the field of Math
and Science but also in the fields where the representation of data is required. Let’s learn
about some forms of Data handling, and how they work.

Pictographs

A pictograph is the pictorial representation of any data given to us in written form. It can
be said that pictograph used to be the earliest form of conversation, since way back in
time, people have communicated mostly through pictures with each other since the
languages were not present.
Indeed, Pictograph plays a role in our day-to-day life too. For instance, when a friend tells
us a story, we start imagining the story in our head and that makes it both easy to
understand and easy to remember for a long time for us

Bar Graphs
The graphical representation of any quantity, number or data in the form of bars is called
a bar graph. With the help of Bar Graph, not only the data look neat and understanding
but also it is easier to compare the data given.
Types of Bar Graph
 Vertical Bar Graph
 Horizontal Bar Graph
Vertical Bar Graph
These are the most common bar graph we come across, the bars of grouped data in
vertical bar graphs lie vertically. Sometimes when the data categorized have long names,
then Horizontal bar graphs are preferred since, in vertical bar graphs, there is not much
space on the x-axis.
Horizontal Bar Graph
The graphs that have their rectangular bars lying horizontally, which means that the
frequency of the data lie on the x-axis while the categories of the data lie on the y-axis
are known as Horizontal bar graphs.
Horizontal bar graphs are preferred when the name of the categories of data are long and
the minimum space on the x-axis is not sufficient.
DATA ANALYTICS
Analytics is the discovery and communication of meaningful patterns in data.
Especially, valuable in areas rich with recorded information, analytics relies on
the simultaneous application of statistics, computer programming, and
operation research to qualify performance. Analytics often favors data
visualization to communicate insight.
Firms may commonly apply analytics to business data, to describe, predict, and
improve business performance. Especially, areas within include predictive
analytics, enterprise decision management, etc. Since analytics can require
extensive computation(because of big data), algorithms and software harness
the most current methods in computer science.
In a nutshell, analytics is the scientific process of transforming data into insight
for making better decisions. Data Analytics aims to get actionable insights
resulting in smarter decisions and better business outcomes.
It is critical to design and built a data warehouse or Business Intelligence(BI)
architecture that provides a flexible, multi-faceted analytical ecosystem,
optimized for efficient ingestion and analysis of large and diverse data sets.
What is Data Analytics?
In this new digital world, data is being generated in an enormous amount which
opens new paradigms. As we have high computing power as well as a large
amount of data we can make use of this data to help us make data-driven
decision making. The main benefits of data-driven decisions are that they are
made up by observing past trends which have resulted in beneficial results.
In short, we can say that data analytics is the process of manipulating data to
extract useful trends and hidden patterns which can help us derive valuable
insights to make business predictions.

Data Analytics technique and Life Cycle

Use of Data Analytics

There are some key domains and strategic planning techniques in which the
Data ANlaytics has played a very important role:
 Improved Decision-Making – If we will have supporting data in favor of a
decision that then we will be able to implement them with even more
success probability. For example, if a certain decision or plan has to lead to
better outcomes then there will be no doubt in implementing them again.
 Better Customer Service – Churn modeling is the best example of this in
which we try to predict or identify what leads to customer churn and change
those things accordingly so, that the attrition of the customers is as low as
possible which is a most important factor in any organization.
 Efficient Operations – Data Analytics can help us understand what is the
demand of the situation and what should be done to get better results then
we will be able to streamline our processes which in turn will lead to efficient
operations.
 Effective Marketing – Market segmentation techniques have been
implemented to target this important factor only in which we are supposed
to find the marketing techniques which will help us increase our sales and
leads to effective marketing strategies.
Types of Data Analytics
There are four major types of data analytics:
1. Predictive (forecasting)
2. Descriptive (business intelligence and data mining)
3. Prescriptive (optimization and simulation)
4. Diagnostic analytics

Data Analytics and its Types

Predictive Analytics
Predictive analytics turn the data into valuable, actionable information.
predictive analytics uses data to determine the probable outcome of an event
or a likelihood of a situation occurring. Predictive analytics holds a variety of
statistical techniques from modeling, machine learning, data mining, and game
theory that analyze current and historical facts to make predictions about a
future event. Techniques that are used for predictive analytics are:
 Linear Regression
 Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
 Data Mining
Basic Corner Stones of Predictive Analytics
 Predictive modeling
 Decision Analysis and optimization
 Transaction profiling
Descriptive Analytics
Descriptive analytics looks at data and analyze past event for insight as to how
to approach future events. It looks at past performance and understands the
performance by mining historical data to understand the cause of success or
failure in the past. Almost all management reporting such as sales, marketing,
operations, and finance uses this type of analysis.
The descriptive model quantifies relationships in data in a way that is often
used to classify customers or prospects into groups. Unlike a predictive model
that focuses on predicting the behavior of a single customer, Descriptive
analytics identifies many different relationships between customer and
product.
Common examples of Descriptive analytics are company reports that
provide historic reviews like:
 Data Queries
 Reports
 Descriptive Statistics
 Data dashboard
Prescriptive Analytics
Prescriptive Analytics automatically synthesize big data, mathematical science,
business rule, and machine learning to make a prediction and then suggests a
decision option to take advantage of the prediction.
Prescriptive analytics goes beyond predicting future outcomes by also
suggesting action benefits from the predictions and showing the decision
maker the implication of each decision option. Prescriptive Analytics not only
anticipates what will happen and when to happen but also why it will happen.
Further, Prescriptive Analytics can suggest decision options on how to take
advantage of a future opportunity or mitigate a future risk and illustrate the
implication of each decision option.
For example, Prescriptive Analytics can benefit healthcare strategic planning by
using analytics to leverage operational and usage data combined with data of
external factors such as economic data, population demography, etc.
Diagnostic Analytics
In this analysis, we generally use historical data over other data to answer any
question or for the solution of any problem. We try to find any dependency and
pattern in the historical data of the particular problem.
For example, companies go for this analysis because it gives a great insight
into a problem, and they also keep detailed information about their disposal
otherwise data collection may turn out individual for every problem and it will
be very time-consuming. Common techniques used for Diagnostic Analytics
are:
 Data discovery
 Data mining
 Correlations

Future Scope of Data Analytics

1. Retail: To study sales patterns, consumer behavior, and inventory

management, data analytics can be applied in the retail sector. Data
analytics can be used by retailers to make data-driven decisions regarding
 what products to stock, how to price them, and how to best organize their
stores.
2. Healthcare: Data analytics can be used to evaluate patient data, spot
trends in patient health, and create individualized treatment regimens. Data
analytics can be used by healthcare companies to enhance patient
outcomes and lower healthcare expenditures.
3. Finance: In the field of finance, data analytics can be used to evaluate
investment data, spot trends in the financial markets, and make wise
investment decisions. Data analytics can be used by financial institutions to
lower risk and boost the performance of investment portfolios.
4. Marketing: By analyzing customer data, spotting trends in consumer
behavior, and creating customized marketing strategies, data analytics can
be used in marketing. Data analytics can be used by marketers to boost the
efficiency of their campaigns and their overall impact.
5. Manufacturing: Data analytics can be used to examine production data,
spot trends in production methods, and boost production efficiency in the
manufacturing sector. Data analytics can be used by manufacturers to cut
costs and enhance product quality.
6. Transportation: To evaluate logistics data, spot trends in transportation
routes, and improve transportation routes, the transportation sector can
employ data analytics. Data analytics can help transportation businesses cut
expenses and speed up delivery times.
Uses of Data Analytics :
1. Data in business :
In Data Analytics there are many advantages of data, but without the proper data
analytics tools and processes, you can’t access these benefits. Raw data is also very
important and you need data analytics to unlock the potential of raw data and
converted into useful information for the business.
Example –
Record of the potential customer, records of customers like name, address.

2. Data in healthcare :
Data is extremely useful in this field of medical and healthcare. Most of the medical
devices are big data-oriented. In Data Analytics uses of data has gone to such an
extent that in the healthcare sector each record or you can say data is very essential
where doctors can check person through the heart and temperature monitoring watch
which is critical information of any patients and kept to be as data fitted on patient’s
hand and prescribe him with related medicines.
Example –
Patient records like name, address, contact no. etc., treatment records, Records of
Doctor’s profile are the examples in healthcare.

3. Data in media and entertainment :

The business model runs on collecting and creating the content, further analyzing it,
then marketing and distribution of the content. We can run through customer’s data
along with observable data and gather even minute information to create a customer’s
detailed profile. The benefits of big data in the media and entertainment industry
include forecasting what the target audience wants, planning, optimization, expanding
acquisition, and retention suggest content on-demand and new.
Example –
 Records of the team, the time duration of media project, location, etc.

4. Data in transportation :
Data in transportation is very crucial. For proper communication and for proper
synchronization of transport medium you need data and to analyze the information
you need data analytics. Data potential is to analyze how many passengers traveled
from any source to destination and with the help of data analytics it can be processed
in real-time for the smooth functioning of transportation.
Example –
feedback of customer, transport time, source and destination records, customer
traveled history, etc.

5. Data in banking :
Banking is a very crucial sector. Data here is very beneficial and helps in fraud
detection in the banking system. Using big data, we can search for all the illegal
activities that have taken place and can identify the misuse of credit and debit cards,
business precision, you can say for customer statistics modification, and in public
analytics for business.
Example –
Employee records, Bank name address, and branch name, customer account records,
transaction history, etc.

Difference between Data Analytics and Data Analysis

1. Data Analytics :
Analytics is a technique of converting raw facts and figures into some particular actions
by analyzing those raw data evaluations and perceptions in the context of organizational
problem-solving and also with the decision making. Analytics is the discovery and
conversation of significant patterns in data. Especially, precious in areas prosperous with
recorded information, analytics depends on the simultaneous utility of statistics, computer
programming, and operation lookup to qualify performance. Analytics frequently favors
data visualization to talk insight. The aim of Data Analytics is to get actionable insights
ensuing in smarter selections and higher commercial enterprise outcomes.
2. Data Analysis :
It is the technique of observing, transforming, cleaning, and modeling raw facts and
figures with the purpose of developing beneficial information and acquiring profitable
conclusions.

Difference between Data Analytics and Data Analysis :

S.No. Data Analytics Data Analysis

It is described as a traditional
It is described as a particularized form of
1. form or generic form of
analytics.
analytics.

It includes several stages like To process data, firstly raw data is defined
the collection of data and then in a meaningful manner, then data cleaning
2.
the inspection of business and conversion are done to get meaningful
data is done. information from raw data.
S.No. Data Analytics Data Analysis

It supports decision making It analyzes the data by focusing on insights

3.
by analyzing enterprise data. into business data.

It uses various tools to It uses different tools to analyze data such

4. process data such as Tableau, as Rapid Miner, Open Refine, Node XL,
Python, Excel, etc. KNIME, etc.

Descriptive analysis cannot A Descriptive analysis can be performed on

5.
be performed on this. this.

One can find anonymous One cannot find anonymous relations with
6.
relations with the help of this. the help of this.

It does not deal with

7. It supports inferential analysis.
inferential analysis.