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ESP based Fire Robot

B.TECH MINOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by:
Mohit Kumar Verma - 21106061
Supervised by:
Dr Mahendra Kumar
Assistant Professor

Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering

Dr . B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology
Jalandhar- 144 011 Punjab (INDIA)

SESSION 2021-2025
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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report on the proposed B. Tech Minor project titled "ESP-based Fire

Robot" is original and has not been submitted elsewhere. The proposed work is based on our

own ideas and will be conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Instrumentation and Control Engineering at Dr. B.R.

Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, under the guidance of Dr.

Mahendra Kumar.

Name and Signature of students:

S.No. Name Roll Number Signature

1. Mohit Kumar Verma 21106061

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Supervisor:
Dr Mahendra Kumar
Assistant Professor
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CONTENTS

S. No. Topic Page No.

1. Abstract 4

2. Chapter -1 Introduction 5

3. Chapter-2 Components Used 6-10

4. Chapter-3 Result and Discussion 11

6. Chapter-4 Future Advancement 12

7. Conclusion 13

8. Reference 14
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ABSTRACT

Abstract: Fire related disasters are now a days too common which is harmful for animals as

well as humans and causes deaths and effects the property. This makes too crucial for

humans to develop such a technology which can overcome the loss of human lives and can

many lives. A robot should be developed foe fire extinguishing purpose so that all life can be

safe from fire disaster. Humans and animals both are important to us and for our environment

also. A robot should be made which is less expensive to detect the fire in case of fire disaster.

Use of microcontroller were made to operate robot and programming is done in such a

manner so that it detects the fire with help of the IR flame sensor device. Less expensive

robot can be used for the general purpose also in homes and small industries. Robot is

capable to detect the fire and sent alarm signal ,so that the fire can be prevented from

spreading .
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

This project focuses on improving the safety and efficiency of firefighters through advanced

technology. As technology has progressed, it has become increasingly popular and has made

many jobs easier. Fire is an inevitable hazard that can occur in both young, emerging forests

and mature forests. While fire impacts plant growth by destroying unnecessary plants, it also

allows other species to thrive. The design of our firefighting robot incorporates crucial

components such as gas sensors, water tanks, wireless remote control, and wireless Android

devices. These wireless robots can be operated remotely, enhancing their efficiency in

firefighting tasks. The LTDAR sensor, which detects ultraviolet radiation, is a reliable tool

for identifying fires and is specifically designed for firefighting robots. The method of

extinguishing fire involves spraying water, a function facilitated by the robot's water tank and

pump, both controlled wirelessly. In the event of a fire, it is recommended to use this robot to

handle the situation, especially in dangerous environments, thus keeping humans out of

harm's way.By leveraging advanced technology, particularly robotics, we can replace humans

in firefighting roles in hazardous areas. This strategy not only keeps firefighters safe but also

enhances their efficiency and reduces the number of fire-related incidents. Consequently, it

prevents people from putting themselves at risk. We have developed an ESP-based fire

extinguisher robot that detects fires and automatically sprays water on the affected area,

providing a safer and more effective firefighting solution.

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CHAPTER 2:COMPONENTS USED

Flame Sensor (IR)

A flame sensor is a device which is sensitive towards the normal light. The IR sensor is

capable of senses flame is the source produces a wavelength between 750nm to 1100nm. This

sensor detection angle is about 60o and suitable from a distance of 100 cm. Sensor is capable

of giving the output in a Analog and digital form.

Flame sensor (IR)

The sensitivity can be adjusted with the help of potentiometer present along with the sensor.

It comprises of four pins,

1.Ground pin(GND)

2. Voltage Supply (VCC)

3.Digital output (Do)

4. Analog output (AOUT)

How a Flame Sensor Works:

1.The flame sensor detects fires by using infrared (IR) flame flicker algorithms, which take

humidity into account.

2.It specifically senses low-frequency infrared radiation emitted by flames.

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3.You can enhance its effectiveness by using a simple potentiometer. The IR sensor operates

within a voltage range of 3.2V to 5.0V. When it detects a flame, it outputs a high signal,

indicating the presence of fire.

DEVKIT V1 ESP32WROOM32 Module

Devkit V1 ESP32WROOM32 is a WiFi module with which we can connect to any WiFi

network using a microcontroller. We can send data from

ESP8266 to any software and receive

it to the website. We can interact with devikitESPModule via WiFi or Bluetooth. For exampl,

smarthomes is now done by connecting to an Android phone via Wifi, which can be turned o

n and off via Bluetooth, and by spraying water to the desired distance using servo motors.

DEVKIT V1 ESP32WROOM32(REAL IMAGE)

L298N Motor Driver

We use the driver to operatethe motor on the drawing board or robot board. It is not possible t

o drive the BO motor using IC (Integrated Circuit) alone because the IC does not have the po

wer to start the motor. So we usually use motor driver. H-bridge drivers are to made or to

established method of using bidirectional drivers. By using one of these, the motor can be rot

ated and the direction of rotation can be changed by changing the polarity of the motor. It can
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also be stopped when necessary. It has four keys. The engine needs to be started in one directi

on (clockwise) by activating a pair of diagonally opposite switches. Conversely, activating an

other pair of diagona lly opposite swit

ches causes the moto r to move in the

opposite direction (c ounterclockwise

).

L298N Motor Driver

Water Pump (DC based)

A DC submersible pump is widely used for household applications like showers and other

domestic tasks. These mini water pumps operate based on the motor principle: the motor

spins, driving water out of the pump. Due to their small size and light weight, these pumps

are easy to integrate into household devices. In a DC water pump, a small DC motor is

connected to the pump. The motor includes a stator and a rotor with a coil. When electricity

flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor, causing it to

turn 180 degrees. This rotation is due to the magnetic field pushing the rotor. As the coil is

energized repeatedly, the rotor continues to spin, driving the impeller, which in turn powers

the pump to move water.

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Mini Submersible Water Pump

Specifications of Mini Water Pump:

1.It is lightweight, making it easy to handle.

2.Little in measure

3.Moo control Utilization

4.A small noise

Battery Worked (BO) Adapted Motor

A BO geared motor operates on 3-12V DC and its performance depends on the load applied

to its shaft. The heavier the load, the more current it draws from the power source. All geared

motors have a specified gear ratio. This particular motor, equipped with a brush motor, has a

base speed of 17,000 RPM at 6V. However, due to the gear reduction, the output speed is

reduced to about 6 rotations per minute (RPM). As the speed decreases, the torque increases,

providing more power to handle heavier loads. These motors are not sensitive to polarity,

meaning you can easily reverse their direction by switching the power connections.
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Battery Operated (BO) Geared Motor

Solid-state Lithium-ion Battery

Solid-state lithium-ion batteries are used in a wide range of products, including electronics,

toys, wireless headphones, handheld power tools, small and large appliances, electric

vehicles, and energy storage systems. However, if these batteries are not properly disposed of

at the end of their useful life, they can pose risks to human health and the environment.The

growing demand for lithium-ion batteries is largely due to their high "energy density," which

refers to the amount of energy a system can store in a given space. Lithium-ion batteries can

store a lot of energy while being smaller and lighter than other types of batteries. This

compact size has led to a rapid increase in the popularity of portable and cordless products

among consumers.

Lithium Ions Battery

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RESULT&DISCUSSION

After making every potential connections and calculations, we finally arrived at a last

decision: our enhancement is able of quenching fire by entering the interior of a building,

utilizing a fire sensor to distinguish the fire by its UV and IR radiation, and quenching the fire

through a water pump as an actuator, which is manipulated by an Android application. After

many obstacles, it has been built to distinguish a fire from a specific separate. It has various

focal points as it may be controlled by Wi-Fi or Bluetooth from a distance. It has the

capability to spare several lives which are otherwise lost in burns in buildings, manufacturing

plants, control plants, and various other sites. The robot can penetrate tiny locations and

spaces, which is a significant advantage.

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FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS

Implementation PID Controller

Use of the Proportional Integrator Derivative controller with the fire robot has made the

robot's developments exceptionally adjusted and able to make the robot run easily. Utilizing

PID moves to take after the right divider flawlessly, indeed in spite of the fact that the robot

in some cases collides.

Using a servo motor

While Straight sensor utilized like a thrust or a drag engine. These types of engines performs

absolutely to grab to protest by servoengine with the predetermined put. Also exceptionally

critical highlight of the engine is that its a very point accurately.It is possible to adjust speed,

but it troublesome in order to control point and remove, by utilizing servo engines it’s

effectively conceivable to control the point and distance.

Ultra sonic sensor

An ultrasonic sensor works by emitting sound waves and then listening for them to bounce

back after hitting an object. The time it takes for the waves to return to the sensor depends on

the distance between the sensor and the object. Ultrasonic sensors are very effective at
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detecting various materials, including liquids, powders, solids, and granules, because these

materials reflect sound waves well. The sensor can accurately measure the distance to an

object or surface within a range of 1 to 3 centimeters.

CONCLUSION

Hence the main aim is to make a show that makes a difference for the people to quench the

fire-related damages in their places with the offer assistance of wireless innovation that is too

simple to utilize and moo-fetched. It performs as soon as it identifies the fire-related hazards

and a caution alarm is made to caution all adjacent individuals to get to the later location of

their put. It'll without a doubt diminish the misfortune of damages by fire in shopping centers,

commercial areas, colleges, schools, etc. diminishing disadvantages in any area.

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REFERENCES

1. S Kirubakaran1, S P Rithanyaa2, S P Thanavarsheni2 and E Vigneshkumar2

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1916, 2021 International Conference on
Computing, Communication, Electrical and Biomedical Systems (ICCCEBS) 2021 25-26
March 2021, Coimbatore, India

2. Abul Hassan Laiq1, Bheem Kant Kaushal1, Mohan Kumar1 and ChandaChoubey1
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 2062, 2nd International Conference on
Computational Intelligence and Energy Advancements (ICCIEA 2021) 11-12 September
2021, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India (Web format)

3. https://www.epa.gov/recycle/used-lithium-ion-batteries#:~:text=Additional
%20Resources-,General%20Information,and%20electrical%20energy%20storage
%20systems.

4.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
309672911_Design_and_Fabrication_of_an_Autonomous_Fire_Fighting_Robot_with_Multis
ensor_Fire_Detection_Using_PID_Controller

5. Latif, a., Shankar, K., and Nguyen, “Legged fire fighter robot movement using PID,”
journal of robotics and control, Vol.1(1) , pp. 15-19, 2020

6.Prasojo, i., Nguyen, p. n., & Shahu, n. (2020).”Design of ultrasonic sensor and ultraviolet
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sensor implemented on a fire fighter robot using AT89S52”. journal of robotics aand control,
55-58.