EXERCISES 1. A solution of sodium nitrate in water at a temperature of 40°C contains 45% NaNO; by weight. (a) Caloulate the percentage saturation of this solution (b) Calculate the weight of NaNO; that may be crystallised from 500 kg of solution by reducing the temperature to 10°C (©) Calculate the percentage yield of the process. Solubility of NaNO; at 40°C = 51.4% by weight Solubility of NaNO, at 10°C = 44.5% by weight (Ans: (a) 87.55%, () 4.5 kg, (©) 2%) 2, A solution of K,Cr,0; in water contains 10% by weight. From 1000 kg of this solution are evaporated 600 kg of water. The remaining solution is cooled to 20°C. Calculate the amount and the percentage yield of K,Cr,O; crystals formed. Solubility at 20°C = 0.39 kmole/1000 kg H,0. (Ans: 65.58 kg, 65.58 3. 1000 kg of a 25% aqueous solution of NaxCO; is slowly cooled to 20°C. During cooling 10% water originally present evaporates. The crystal is Na,CO;- 10H,0. If the solubility of anhydrous Na,CO; at 20°C is 21.5 kg/100 kg of water, what weight of salt crystallises out? (Ans: 445.64 kg) 4. A batch of saturated Na,CO, solution of 100 kg is to be prepared at 50°C. The solubility is 4.48 g moles/1000 g HO at 50°C. (If the monohydrate were available, how many kg of water would be required to form the solution? ii) If the decahydrate is available how many kg of salt will be required? (Ams: 62.33 kg, 54.68 ka) 5. A crystallizer is charged with 10000 kg of aqueous solution at 104°C containing 30% by weight of anhydrous Na,SO,. The solution is then cooledto 20°C. During this operation 4% of water is lost by evaporation. Glauber salt crystallises out. Find the yield of crystals. Solubility at 20°C = 19.4 g Na;SO,/100 g water. (Ans: 74.98%) . 2500 kg of KCI are present in a saturated solution at 80°C. The solution is cooled to 20°C in an open tank. The solubilities of KCI at 80°C and 20°C are 55 and 35 parts per 100 parts of water. (a) Assuming water equal to 5% by weight of solution is lost by evaporation, calculate the weight of crystals obtained. (b) Calculate the yield of crystals neglecting loss of water by evaporation KCI crystallises without any water of crystals. (Ans: 908.755 kg and 36.37%) . A caystallizer is charged with 6400 kg of an aqueous solution containing 29.6% of anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solution is cooled and 10% of the initial water is lost by evaporation, NaSO,- 10H;O crystallises out. If the mother liquor (after crystallization) is found to contain 18.3% NasSOs, calculate the weight of the mother liquor. (Ans: 2826.7 kg ) .. A hot solution containing 2000 kg of MgSO, and water at 330 K and with a coucentration of 30 wt% MgSO, is cooled to 293 K and MgSO, - 7H,0 cxystals are removed. The solubility at 293 K is 35.5 kg MgSO, per 100 kg total water. The average heat capacity of feed solution is 2.93 kI/kg K. The heat of solution at 293 K is—13.31 x 10° kJ/K - mol MgSO, - 7H0. Calculate the yield of crystals and make a heat balance. Assume no water is vaporised. Molecular weight of MgSO, = 120.35 (Ans: 27.29%) ). A hot solution containing 5000 kg of NayCO; and water with a concentration of 25 wt% Na,CO; is cooled to 293 K and crystals of NaC; 10H;0 are precipitated, At 293 K, the solubility is 21.5 kg anhydrous Na;CO,/100 kg of water. Calculate the yield of crystals obtained if 5% of the original water in the system evaporates on cooling. Molecular weight of Na;CO; = 106. (Ans: 60.98