PROBLEM SET NO.

1
INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING

1. LINEAR MEASUREMENTS. The

measured length of airport runways in five
major cities in the Philippines are: 1250.00, 2. AREA MEASUREMENTS. Given the
1375.50, 1410.75, 1550.25, and 1750.00 dimensions of the following tracts of land:
meters. Determine the equivalent length of a) 108.75 m by 76.82 m
each runway in kilometers, decimeters, and b) 940.08 m by 1296.73 m
centimeters. Tabulate values accordingly. c) 13.36 m by 50.08 m
d) 1258.30 m by 624.03 m
e) 8476.55 m by 121.79 m
Determine the area of each tract in square
meters, square kilometers, ares, and
hectares.
3. AREA MEASUREMENTS. Given the
area and width of the following rectangular-
shaped pieces of property:
a) 2.575 ha and 195.42 m
b) 125.42 sq m and 545.0 cm 4. VOLUME MEASUREMENTS.
c) 0.85 sq km and 925.09, m Following are the dimensions for the length,
d) 50.0 ares and 100.0 m width, and depth of five excavated borrow
e) 42545.19 sq m and 346.72 m pits for a highway project:
Determine the length of each property in a) 113.26 m, 35.48 m, and 18.60 m
meters. b) 50.08 m, 39.25 m, and 7.14 m
c) 243.55 m, 76.19 m, and 24.66 m
d) 42.055 m, 8.605 m, and 12.332 m
e) 9.5 m, 6.3 m, and 4.9 m
Determine the volume of each pit in cubic
meters.
5. VOLUME MEASUREMENTS. Given
the approximate flat area and depth of
excavation of the following borrow pits: 6. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES. Given the
a) 3750.0 sq m and 758.0 cm following numbers: 45.63, 5.700, 4010,
b) 0.035 sq km and 180.0 m 0.00037, 0.000940, 6.0090, 7.00, 9.5 X 108,
c) 15.6 ares and 495.0 m 4.00 X 107, 2.604 X 1018 and 3.00 X 10-6.
d) 9.250 ha and 250.0 m For each number, identify the significant
e) 46750 sq m and 195.0 m figures and state the number of significant
Determine the volume of earth removed figures. Tabulate values accordingly.
from each pit in cubic meters.
7. ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS. Given
the following numbers: 0.333333, 0.412342,
50.2155, 48.5455, and 16.3545. Round off 8. MOST PROBABLE VALUE. The three
each number to three, four, and five figures. angles of a triangle were measured with the
Tabulate values accordingly. following results: A=42°05’, B=115°38’,
and C=22°08’. Determine the most probable
value of each angle.
9. MOST PROBABLE VALUE. The
angles about a point have the following
observed values: 87°07’50’’, 125°17’20”,
and 147°35’20”. Determine the most
probable value of angles the three angles. 10. MOST PROBABLE VALUE. The
interior angles of a quadrilateral were
observed to be: A=100°35’40”,
B=118°44’15”, C=80°54’35”, and
D=59°45’50’’. Determine the most probable
value of each of these angles.
11. PROBABLE ERROR. A quantity was
measured ten times with the following
results: 34.630, 34.626, 34.634, 34.628, 12. PROBABLE ERROR. A surveying
34.629, 34.626, 34.627, 34.633, 34.625, and instructor sent all the 40 students in his class
34.624 meters. Determine the probable error out to measure a distance between two
of the mean and the relative precision of the points marked on a runway. The students
mean. working in groups of four came up with 10
different measurements as follows: 920.45,
921.05, 921.65, 920.25, 920.15, 921.85,
921.95, 920.45, 921.15, and 921.35 meters.
Assuming these values are equally reliable
and that variations result only from
accidental errors, determine the relative
precision of a single measurement and the
relative precision of the mean.
13. PROBABLE ERROR. The following
values were determined in a series of rod
readings made under identical conditions:
3.312, 3.307, 3.304, 3.306, 3.309, 3.301, 14. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. A
3.311, 3.308, 3.312, 3.306, and 3.313 line is measured on a windy day as 338.65
meters, Determine the following: most m. The same line measured 338.37 m on a
probable value of the observed rod readings, calm day. If the latter measurement is given
probable error of a single measurement and four times the reliability of the first,
of the mean, and the relative precision of a determine the most probable value of the
single measurement and of the mean. measured line.
15. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. A
distance AB is measured five times as
610.03, 610.01, 610.05, 610.04, and 610.02 16. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. An
meters. The measurements were given angle ABC is measured at different times
weights of 3, 2, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, by using various instruments and procedures.
the head tapeman. Determine the weighted The results, which are assigned certain
mean for distance AB. Also, determine what weights, are as follows: 75°09’26”, weight
difference results if later judgment revises of 4; 75°09’25”, weight of 3 and 75°09’27’,
the weights to 2, 3, 1, 3, and 2. weight of 1. Determine the most probable
value of the angle measured.
17. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. In
this problem, the weight of an angle is
assumed to be proportional to the number of
times it has been measured by repetition. 18. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS.
Five angles in a pentagon were measured Two sides and the Included angle of a
with the following results: 134°44’35’’, triangle were measured, and the probable
167°02’05’’, 86°15’20’’, 75°48’50’’, and error of each value was computed as
76°08’50. If the number of repetitions for follows: a=267.55 m ± 0.05 m, b=564.75 m
each measurement were 2, 6, 6, 8, and 4, ± 0.06 m, and angle c=57°15’45’. Determine
respectively, determine the adjusted values the area of the triangle and the probable
of the angles. error of the area.
19. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS.
Three sides of a triangle were measured with
the following results: a=1431.20 m ± 0.02 20. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS. A
m, b=570.77 m ± 0.03 m, and c 1767.15 m ± line AE is divided into segments for
0.04 m. Determine the angles in the triangle measurement with a tape. The results were
together with the probable errors of the AB=134.10 m ± 0.040 m, BC=320.63 m ±
angles. 0.055, CD=173.73 m ± 0.056 m, and
DE=160.85 m ± 0.050 m. Determine the
length of the line and the probable error of
the measured length.
21. WEIGHTED MEASUREMENTS.
The difference in elevation between two
ground points was measured by each of the 22. SUMMATION OF ERRORS. The four
three field parties using different kinds of approximately equal sides of a tract of land
leveling instruments. The results are as were measured and the measurements
follows: 1st Party, DE=18.45 m ± 0.05m; included the following errors: ±0.085 m,
2nd Party, DE=18.40 m ± 0.04 m; 3rd Party, ±0.014 m, ±0.175 m, and ±0.205 m,
DE=18.48 m ± 0.05m. Determine the most respectively. Determine the probable error
probable difference in elevation between. for the total length (or perimeter) of the
The two ground points. tract.
23. SUMMATION OF ERRORS. The
dimensions of a five-sided tract of land are
given by the following measurements and 24. PRODUCT OF ERRORS. Two sides
corresponding probable errors: 221.63 m ± of a rectangle were measured as being
0.004 m., 235.70 m ± 0.002 m, 196.05 m ± 226.25 m ± 0.03 m and 307.28 m ± 0.04 m.
0.005 m, 296.13 m ± 0.012 m, and 303.18 m Determine the area of the figure and the
± 0.015 m. Determine the probable error of probable error of the area.
the sum of the five measurements and the
most probable value of the perimeter.
25. PRODUCT OF ERRORS. The base
and altitude of the triangular-shaped figure
were measured with certain estimated
probable errors as follows: b=425.67 m ±
0.07 m and h=138.63 m ± 0.06 m.
Determine the area of the figure and the
probable error in the resulting calculation.
 PROBLEM SET NO. 2
MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

1. PACING. In walking along a 75-m

course, the pacer of a field party counted
43.50, 44.00, 43.50, 43.75, 44.50, and 43.25
strides. Then 105.50, 106.00, 105.75, and
106.25 strides were counted in walking from
one marker to another established along a
straight and level course. Determine the
distance between the two markers.
 3. PACING. Determine the length of a line
negotiated in 208 paces by a person whose
2. PACING. A student paces a 50-m length pace is 0.76 meters long.
five times with the following results: 57.00,
56.75, 56.50, 58.00, and 56.25 paces.
Determine how many paces he must step off
in order to establish a distance of 450 meters
on level ground.
4. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR.
With the use of a 1-sec theodolite positioned
at the center of a six-sided lot, the following 5. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR. A 2-
readings were taken on a 2-m subtense bar m long subtense bar was first set up at A and
set up at each corner: 0°26'16", 0°12'35", subsequently at B, and the subtended angles
0°15'05", 0°22'29", 0°30'45", and 0°09'50". to the bar, as read from a theodolite
Determine the distance of each corner from positioned somewhere along the middle of
the instrument position. line AB, were recorded as 0°24'15'' and
0°20'30'', respectively. Determine the length
of AB.
6. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A traverse
line was measured in three sections: 295.85
m at slope 8°45', 149.58 m at slope 4°29', 7. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A slope
and 373.48 m at slope 4°25'. Determine the measurement of 545.38 m is made between
horizontal length of the line. points A and B. The elevation of A is 424.25
m and that of B is 459.06 m. Determine the
horizontal distance between the two points.
8. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. The
sides of a rectangular parcel of property
were measured and recorded as 249.50 m 9. MEASUREMENTS WITΗ ΤΑΡΕ. A
and 496.85 m. It was determined, however, 30-m steel tape when compared with a
that the 30-m tape used in measuring was standard is actually 29.95 m long. Determine
actually 30.05 m long. Determine the correct the correct length of a line measured with
area of the rectangle in hectares. this tape and found to be 466.55 m.
10. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A track
and field coach wishes to lay out for his
team a 200-m straightaway course. If he 11. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. It is
uses a 50-m tape known to be 50.20 m long, required to lay out a building 80 m by 100 m
determine the measurements to be made so with a 30-m long metallic tape which was
that the course will have the correct length. found to be 0.15 m too short. Determine the
correct dimensions to be used in order that
the building shall have the desired
measurements.
12. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A steel
tape whose nominal length is supposed to be
30 m long was found to be 30.02 m long 13. CORRECTION DUE TO
when compared with an invar tape during TEMPERATURE. A 30-m steel tape is of
standardization. If the tape is to be used in standard length at 20°C. If the coefficient of
laying out a 520 m by 850 m rectangular thermal expansion of steel is
parking lot, determine the actual dimensions 0.0000116/1°C, determine the distance to be
to be laid out. laid out using this tape to establish two
points exactly 1235.65 m apart when the
temperature is 33°C.
14. CORRECTION DUE TO
TEMPERATURE. A steel tape having a
correct length at 22°C was used to measure a
baseline and the recorded readings gave the 15. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION.
total of 856.815 m. If the average A heavy 30-m tape having a cross-sectional
temperature during the measurement was area of 0.05 cm² has been standardized at a
18°C, determine the correct length of the tension of 5 kg. If E=2.10 x 106 kg/cm²
line. calculate the elongation of the tape for an
increase in tension from 5.5 kg to 20 kg.
16. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION.
A steel tape is 30.0-m long under a pull of
6.0 kg when supported throughout. It has a 17. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION.
cross-sectional area of 0.035 cm² and is A 30-m steel tape weighing 1.75 kg is of
applied fully supported with a 12-kg pull to standard length under a pull of 4.55 kg,
measure a line whose recorded length is supported for full length. This tape was used
308.32 m. Determine the correct length of in measuring a line (found to be 1371.50 m)
the line if E=2.1 X 106 kg/cm². on smooth level ground under a steady pull
of 8 kg. Assuming E=2.05 X 106 kg/cm²
and that the unit weight of steel is 7.9 X 10-
3 kg/cm³, determine the following: cross-
sectional area of the tape, correction for
increase in tension for the whole length
measured, and the correct length of the
measured line.
18. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-
m steel tape weighs 1.5 kg and is supported
at its end points and at the 5 and 15-meter 19. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-
marks. If a pull of 8 kg is applied, determine m steel tape weighing 0.04 kg/m is
the correction due to sag between supports constantly supported only at its end points
and for one tape length. and used to measure a line with a steady pull
of 8.5 kg. If the measured length of the line
is 2465.18 determine the correct length of
the line.
20. NORMAL TENSION. Determine the
normal tension required to make a tape
exactly 30.0 m between its ends when used 21. NORMAL TENSION. A 30-m steel
in an unsupported mode, if the tape has a tape supported at its ends weighs 0.03 kg/m
cross-sectional area of 0.045 cm² and weighs and is of standard length under a pull of 6.5
0.90 kg. Assume that the tape is exactly 30.0 kg. If the elastic modulus of steel is 2.0 X
m when supported throughout its length 106 kg/cm² and its weight density is 7.9 X
under a standard pull of 6.0 kg, and its 10-3 kg/cm³, determine the tension at which
modulus of elasticity 2.10 X 106 kg/cm². is the effect of sag will be eliminated by the
elongation of the tape due to increased
tension.
22. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A 30-
m tape weighs 12.5 g/m and has a cross
section of 0.022 cm². It measures correctly
when supported throughout under a tension 23. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A line
of 8.0 kg and at a temperature of 20°C. was found to be 2865.35 m long when
When used in the field, the tape is only measured with a 30-m tape under a steady
supported at its ends, under a pull of 9.0 kg, pull of 6.5 kg at a mean temperature of
and at an average temperature of 28°C. 30°C. Determine the correct length of the
Determine the distance between the zero and line if the tape used is of standard length at
30-m marks. 20°C under a pull of 5.5 kg. Assume the
cross-sectional area of tape to be 0.025 cm²,
elastic modulus as 2.10 X 106 kg/cm², and
coefficient of thermal expansion to be
0.0000116/1°C.
24. MEASURING ANGLES WITH
TAPE. The sides of a triangle measure
1063.55, 840.33, and 1325.05 m. three 25. OBSTRUCTED DISTANCES. In the
angles in the triangle. Determine the accompanying sketch, it is required to
determine the distance between points A and
B which spans a wide and deep river. Lines
BD and CE, which measure 385.75 m and
529.05 m, respectively, are established
perpendicular to line ABC. If points D and E
are lined up with A and the length of
BC=210.38 m, determine the required
distance.

UNIT EXAM NO. 1

 INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING

1. Surveying is defined as the art and science of determining angular and linear measurements
to establish the form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the
surface of the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through

a) pure mathematics and the social sciences

b) applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques
c) field observations and measurements
d) cartographic, geodetic, and photogrammetric methods
e) principles of algebra and geometry

2. Plane surveying is that type of surveying in which the earth is considered to be a flat surface.
Distances and areas involved are of limited extent and the

a) approximate shape of the earth is considered

b) theoretical shape of the geoid is evaluated
c) exact shape of the earth is disregarded
d) spheroidal shape of the earth is considered
e) shape of the earth is considered a geoid

3. A type of survey which is of wide extent and takes into account the spheroidal shape of the
earth is known as

a) geodetic surveying d) earth surveying

b) plane surveying e) terrestrial surveying
c) geoid surveying

4. A photogrammetric survey makes use of photographs taken with specially designed cameras
either from

a) a ship or an elevated ground station

b) the ground surface or underwater
c) a field or a laboratory environment
d) a map or a scaled drawing
e) airplanes or ground stations

5. An early surveying instrument having an A-frame with a plumb line suspended from its apex
and was used to determine the horizontal is the

a) merchet d) libella
b) chorobates e) dioptra
c) astrolabe

6. The meter is now defined as a length equal to

a) 1/10,000,000 of the earth's meridional quadrant

b) 650,736.37 wavelengths of the bright-red light produced by burning silver electrodes
c) 39.37 inches
d) 0.001 kilometers
e) 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the orange-red light produced by burning krypton at a
specified energy level in the spectrum

7. The International System of Units or SI was promulgated by the International Bureau of

Weights and Measures in

a) 1960 d) 1875
b) 1978 e) 1799
c) 1983

8. The sexagesimal units of angular measurement are the

 a) grad, centesimal minute, and centesimal second
b) degree, minute, and second
c) radian and steradian
d) mil, grad, and radian
e) hours, minutes, and seconds

9. The number of significant figures in the value 300.00

a) one d) five
b) three e) six
c) two

10. When rounded off to the nearest hundredth, 36.24445 becomes

a) 36.25 d) 36.3
b) 36.26 e) 36.24
c) 36.2

11. An error is defined as the difference between the

a) true value and the approximate value of a quantity

b) most probable value and the true value
c) true value and the measured value of a quantity
d) two measured values of the same quantity
e) estimated value and the most probable value of a quantity

12. A line, known to be 150.000 m long, is measured five times with a steel tape in the following
order: 150.004, 149.998, 149.997, 150.005, and 149.996 meters, respectively. The more
accurate of the five measurements is the

a) 1st measurement d) 4th measurement

b) 2nd measurement e) 5th measurement
c) 3rd measurement

13. The most probable value of several measurements of a line is 546.75 m. If ±0.15 represents
the probable error of the mean value, the chances are even that the true value

a) is equal to 546.60 m
b) is equal to 546.90 m
c) lies between 546.60 m and 546.75 m
d) lies between 546.75 m and 546.90 m, as it is also probable that the true value lies outside
of these limiting values
e) lies between 546.60 m and 546.90 m, as it is also probable that the true value lies outside
of these limiting values

14. If for a particular measurement, the probable error of the mean is 0.09 m and the most
probable value of the measurement is 362.70 m, the relative precision would be expressed as

a) 1/4030 d) 1:0.09
b) 0.000248 e) 1/363
c) 1:362.70

15. Five separate measurements were made of a line and their degrees of precision computed as
follows: 1st Trial, 1/5000; 2nd Trial, 1/2500; 3rd Trial, 1/6500; 4th Trial, 1/7000; 5th Trial,
1/10000. The measurement which is of a higher degree of precision was the one done in the
 a) 1st trial d) 4th trial
b) 2nd trial e) 5th trial
c) 3rd trial

16. The interior angles of a hexagon were observed and recorded as follows: A=122°31'02",
B=123°26'17", C=130°05'07", D=120°15'47", E=160°50'35", and "F=62°53'07". The
discrepancy of the measurement is

a) 0'30" d) 2'50"
b) 2'30" e) 1'30"
c) 1'00"

17. In Question 16, the sum of the most probable values of angles A, B, and C is

a) 376°01'46" d) 376°02'36"
b) 376°03'01" e) 376°04'56"
c) 376°01'21"

18. Five measurements were made to determine the length of a line and recorded as follows:
350.33, 350.22, 350.30, 350.27, and 350.30 meters. If these measurements were given
weights of 4, 5, 1, 4, and 6, respectively, the most probable value of the length measured is

a) 350.26 m d) 350.27 m
b) 350.29 m e) 350.28 m
c) 350.30 m

19. The base and altitude of a triangular lot were measured with certain estimated probable errors
as follows: b = 215.50 ±0.18 m and h 69.40 ±0.16 m. The probable error in the resulting
calculation is
 a) ±36.67 sq m d) ±0.17 sq m
b) ±0.34 sq m e) ±7477.85 sq m
c) ±0.0288 sq m

20. In Question 19, the true area of the lot probably

a) is equal to 7514.52 sq m
b) is equal to 7441.18 sq m
c) falls between 7441.18 and 7477.85 sq m
d) falls between 7477.85 and 7514.52 sq m
e) falls between 7441.18 and 7514.52 sq m
 UNIT EXAM NO. 2
MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

1. A pace is defined as the length of a step in walking. It may be measured from

a) heel to toe d) mid-heel to mid-toe

b) toe to heel e) tip of toe to tip of heel
c) heel to heel

2. The method of measuring or laying out horizontal distances by stretching a calibrated tape
between two points and reading the distance indicated on the tape is referred to as

a) taping d) stadia measurement

b) pacing e) range finding
c) tacheometry

3. The subtense bar is a convenient and practical device used for quick and accurate
measurement of horizontal distances. It consists of a rounded steel tube through which runs a
thin invar rod and at each end of the frame the target marks are housed exactly

a) 1.00 m apart d) 2.00 m apart

b) 1.50 m apart e) 4.00 m apart
c) 3.00 m apart

4. The first electronic distance-measuring instrument was the geodetic distance meter
(geodimeter) which was developed in 1948 by a Swedish physicist named

a) Dr. T. L. Wadley
b) Erik Rergstrand
c) Sir Edmund Gunter
d) Pierre Vernier
e) Hipparchus

5. A special tape made of an alloy of nickel (35%) and steel (65%) with a very low coefficient
of thermal expansion, and used only for precise measurements in geodetic work as well as for
checking the lengths of other kinds of tape is the

a) engineer's tape d) nylon-coated tape

b) fiberglass tape e) builder's tape
c) invar tape

6. The standard practice of measuring short distances on uneven and sloping ground to
accumulate a full tape length wherein the tape is held horizontally above ground and
plumbed at one or both ends is referred to as

a) slope taping
b) horizontal taping
c) incremental taping
d) breaking tape
e) partial taping
7. Normal tension is defined as the applied pull which will lengthen the tape to equal the

a) decrease in standard pull

b) shortening due to temperature
c) increase in length due to the absence of inter-mediate supports
d) shortening caused by sag
e) increase in gravitational forces

8. A surveyor counted 50, 52, 53, 51, 53, and 51 paces in walking along a 45-m course laid out
on a concrete pavement. He then took 768, 771, 772, 770, 769, and 770 paces in walking an
unknown distance XY. His pace factor should be equal to

a) 1.148 m/pace d) 0.067 m/pace

b) 0.001 m/pace e) 0.871 m/pace
c) 14.904 m/pace

9. In Question 8, the length of XY based on the pace factor of the surveyor is equal to

a) 670.67 m d) 51.59 m
b) 883.96 m e) 715.67 m
c) 11476.08 m

10. Two points, A and B, are established along the same direction from a theodolite station. If
the subtended angle read on a subtense bar held at A and B are 0°55'20" and 0°23'44",
respectively, the horizontal distance between the two points is

a) 82.73 m d) 289.70 m
b) 165.45 m e) 124.25 m
c) 206.98 m
11. A slope distance of 465.82 m is measured between two points with a slope angle of 12° 35'.
The corresponding horizontal distance between the points is

a) 101.48 m d) 358.70 m
b) 454.63 m e) 207.14 m
c) 103.98 m

12. A line measured with a 325.70 m. If the tape is standardization, the correct 30-m steel tape
was recorded as found to be 30.05 m long length of the line is during

a) 325.16 m d) 325.44 m
b) 325.70 m e) 326.24 m
c) 327.45 m

13. A rectangular building 250.00 m by 130.00 m is to be laid out with a 30-m long steel tape. If
during standardization the tape is found to be 30.03 m, the correct length and width to be laid
out should be

a) 249.75 m by 129.87 m d) 250.00 m by 130.00 m

b) 250.25 m by 130.13 m e) 249.97 m by 129.97 m
c) 249.87 m by 129.75 m
14. A line measured with a 50-m long steel tape was determined to be 645.22 m when the
average temperature during taping was 15.75°C. If the tape is of standard length at 20°C and
the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 0.0000116/1°C, the correct length of the
measured line is

a) 645.23 m d) 645.19 m
b) 645.22 m e) 645.21 m
c) 645.24 m

15. A steel tape with a cross-sectional area of 0.03 cm² is 30.00 m long under a pull of 5 kg when
supported throughout. It is used in measuring a line 875.63 m long under a steady pull of 10
kg. Assuming E = 2.0 X 106 kg/cm², elongation of the tape due to Increase in tension is the

a) 0.0730 m d) 0.043 m
b) 0.730 m e) 0.0025 m
c) 0.50 m

16. In question 15, the correct length of the measured line is

c) 875.68 m
a) 875.56 m d) 875.60 m
b) 875.63 m e) 875.70 m
17. A 30-m steel tape weighs 1.05 kg and is supported at its endpoints and at the 10-m and 25-m
marks. If a pull of 6.0 kg is applied at the ends of the tape, the correction due to sag for a full
tape length is

a) 0.038 m d) 0.45 m
b) 0.006 m e) 0.06 m
c) 0.050 m

18. In a triangular-shaped lot ABC, the two sides and the included angle are: CA 90.95 m, BC
73.80 m, and angle C = 43°15'. The length of the remaining side AB is

a) 62.77 m d) 82.38 m
b) 117.13 m e) 81.93 m
c) 153.28 m

19. In Question 18, the relationship between angle C and the two remaining angles, A and B, of
the triangle could be expressed correctly as

a) A < C > B d) C = A + B
b) A > C > B e) A > C < B
c) C = A - B
20. In the accompanying sketch it is desired to determine the length of AB across a wide and
deep river.

Line AC, which measures 471.48 m, is established perpendicular to AB; CD is similarly

established perpendicular to BC with point D on the prolongation of line AB. If the length of
AD is 322.35 m, the length of AB is equal to

a) 689.60 m d) 453.40 m
b) 220.39m e) 517.23 m
c) 389.85 m