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    CTE 244 Computer Networking: Engr. Usman Ishaq Karofi

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    CTE 244 Computer Networking: Engr. Usman Ishaq Karofi

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    CTE 244 Computer Networking: Engr. Usman Ishaq Karofi

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    muhanmadydk123
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    of 13

    CTE 244 Computer Networking

    Second Semester 2023-2024 Academic Session

    Engr. Usman Ishaq Karofi


    B.Sc. Software Engineering (Al-Qalam University
    Katsina)
    [email protected]
    Week 8: Network Planning and Design
    Objectives:

    • Understand the concepts of network planning and design.


    • Recognize the importance of effective network planning.
    • Learn the steps involved in designing a network.
    • Gain knowledge of best practices in network design.
    Defining Network Planning and Design
    Network Planning:
    • Network planning involves the process of designing and organizing a
    computer network to meet specific business requirements. This includes
    determining the needs of the organization, predicting future growth, and
    planning for scalability, security, and performance.

    Network Design:
    • Network design is the process of defining the structure, components,
    configurations, and layout of a network. It encompasses both the logical and
    physical design of the network, including the selection of hardware,
    software, and technologies that will be used.
    Importance of Network Planning
    1. Scalability:
    • Proper planning ensures that the network can grow with the organization,
    accommodating more users, devices, and services without a major redesign.

    2. Performance:
    • Effective network design helps optimize the performance, reducing latency,
    minimizing bottlenecks, and ensuring adequate bandwidth for critical
    applications.

    3. Security:
    • A well-planned network incorporates security measures to protect against
    threats and unauthorized access, ensuring data integrity and privacy.
    Importance of Network Planning
    4. Cost-Efficiency:
    • Planning helps avoid unnecessary expenditures by selecting the right
    technologies and equipment, and by anticipating future needs, reducing the
    need for costly upgrades.

    5. Reliability:
    • Ensures the network is robust and fault-tolerant, minimizing downtime and
    maintaining business continuity.

    6. Manageability:
    • A properly designed network is easier to manage and troubleshoot, with
    clear documentation and consistent configuration standards.
    Steps Involved in Designing a Network
    Step 1: Requirements Analysis
    • Identify business objectives and technical requirements.
    • Determine the number of users, types of applications, and specific needs
    (e.g., security, performance).
    Step 2: Network Assessment
    • Evaluate the existing network infrastructure (if any).
    • Identify current issues and areas for improvement.
    • Assess the current and future capacity needs.
    Step 3: Logical Design
    • Define the logical layout of the network, including IP addressing schemes,
    subnets, and VLANs.
    • Plan the network topology (e.g., star, mesh, hybrid) that best suits the
    organization’s needs.
    Steps Involved in Designing a Network
    Step 4: Physical Design
    • Select the physical components, such as switches, routers, firewalls, and
    cabling.
    • Plan the physical layout of the network, including the placement of devices
    and cabling paths.
    • Consider environmental factors like power supply, cooling, and physical
    security.
    Step 5: Technology and Equipment Selection
    • Choose the appropriate technologies (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi) and equipment
    (e.g., access points, servers).
    • Ensure compatibility and interoperability of devices.
    • Plan for redundancy and fault tolerance (e.g., backup links, failover
    mechanisms).
    Steps Involved in Designing a Network
    Step 6: Security Planning
    • Implement security measures such as firewalls, intrusion
    detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and access control policies.
    • Plan for data encryption, VPNs, and secure authentication methods.
    Step 7: Implementation Plan
    • Develop a detailed implementation plan, including a timeline, milestones,
    and resource allocation.
    • Prepare for potential risks and have a contingency plan in place.
    Step 8: Testing and Validation
    • Test the network design in a controlled environment to ensure it meets
    performance, security, and reliability requirements.
    • Perform stress testing, security audits, and usability testing.
    Steps Involved in Designing a Network
    Step 9: Documentation
    • Document the network design, including diagrams, IP address allocations,
    device configurations, and security policies.
    • Maintain updated documentation for future reference and troubleshooting.

    Step 10: Deployment and Monitoring


    • Deploy the network according to the implementation plan.
    • Monitor the network continuously to ensure optimal performance and to
    detect and resolve issues promptly.
    • Make adjustments and optimizations based on real-world performance
    data.
    Best Practices in Network Design
    1. Future-Proofing:
    • Design with scalability in mind to accommodate future growth and
    technological advancements.

    2. Redundancy and Fault Tolerance:


    • Implement redundant paths and backup systems to ensure network
    reliability and uptime.

    3. Security First:
    • Incorporate security at every layer of the network design to protect against
    evolving threats.
    Best Practices in Network Design
    4. Standardization:
    • Use standard protocols, hardware, and software to ensure compatibility and
    simplify management.

    5. Simplicity:
    • Avoid unnecessary complexity in the design, making the network easier to
    manage and troubleshoot.

    6. Regular Audits:
    • Perform regular network audits and assessments to ensure the network
    continues to meet organizational needs.
    Suggested Reading:
    • "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" by James F. Kurose and
    Keith W. Ross
    • "Network Planning and Design Guide" by Shaun Hummel
    Assignment:
    • Design a simple network for a small office with 20 employees, including a
    logical and physical layout.
    • Write a report outlining the importance of network planning and the steps
    involved in designing a network.

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