Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
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Lecture No 01
1.1 Definition
Computers accept process, transform and present information. Computer Graphics involves technology to accept, process, transform and present information in a visual form that also concerns with producing images (or animations) using a computer.
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Spacewars: first computer graphics Whirlwind: early graphics using VectorScope (1951)
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Almost all the software packages provide a graphical interface. A major component of graphical interface is a window manager that allows a user to display multiple windows like areas on the screen at the same time. Each window can contain a different process that can contain graphical or non-graphical display. In order to make a particular window active, we simply have to click in that window using an interactive pointing device. Graphical Interface also includes menus and icons for fast selection of programs, processing operations or parameter values. An icon is a graphical symbol that is designed to look like the processing option it represents.
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Computer graphics is very helpful in producing graphical representations for scientific visualization and analysis especially in the field of engineering and medicine. It helps a lot in drawing charts and creating models.
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1.8 ART AND DESIGN
Computer graphics is widely used in Fine Arts as well as commercial arts for producing better as well as cost effective pictures. Artists use a variety of programs in their work, provided by computer graphics. Some of the most frequently used packages include: 6 (ecomputernotes.com)
Computer Graphics (ecomputernotes.com) i. ii. iii. Artists paintbrush Pixel paint Super paint
1.9 Medicine and Virtual Surgery Computer graphics has extensive use in tomography and simulations of operations. Tomography is the technique that allows cross-sectional views of physiological systems in X-rays photography. Moreover, recent advancement is to make model and study physical functions to design artificial limbs and even plan and practice surgery. Computer-aided surgery is currently a hot topic.
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1.12 History and cultural heritage Another important application of computer graphics is in the field of history and cultural heritage. A lot of work is done in this area to preserve history and cultural heritage. The features so for provide are: i. Innovative graphics presentations developed for cultural heritage applications ii. Interactive computer techniques for education in art history and archeology iii. New analytical tools designed for art historians iv. Computer simulations of different classes of artistic media
1.13 Movies Computer graphics methods are now commonly used in making motions pictures, music videos and television shows. Sometimes the graphics scenes are displayed by themselves and sometimes graphics objects are combined with the actors and live scenes. A number of hit movies and shows are made using computer graphics technology. Some of them are: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Star Trek- The Wrath of Khan Deep Space Nine Stay Tuned Reds Dreams Shes Mad
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Tron (1980) First time computer graphics were used for live action sequences.
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Traditional Animated Features Some examples: Automating Key framing in many Disney-type animations The flocking behaviour of the wild beast in Lion King Non photorealistic rendering: 3D effects in Futurama
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1.14 Simulations
Simulation by all means is a very helpful tool to show the idea you have or the work you are doing or to see the results of your work. Given below is the picture in which you can see waves ripples on water; no doubt looking like original but is simply a simulation. A number of software packages are used for simulation including: i. ii. iii. iv. Crackerjack Computer Skills Keen Artistic Eye Flash Maya
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Games
Thanks to computer graphics, real time games are now possible. Now game programming itself has become an independent field and game programmers are in high demand. Some of the famous games are: i. ii. iii. iv. Quake Dooms Need For Speed Commandos
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Data Processing
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Computer Vision
IMAGES
Image Processing
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i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.
Interdisciplinary
Science Physics: light, color, appearance, behaviour Mathematics: Curves and Surfaces, Geometry and Perspective Engineering Hardware: graphics media and processors, input and output devices Software: graphics libraries, window systems Art, Perception and Esthetics Color, Composition, Lighting, Realism
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