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Math Matics

Bahavw hahs

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hasiburrahman1036
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3 views

Math Matics

Bahavw hahs

Uploaded by

hasiburrahman1036
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Set Theory

Definition: Set is a collection of well-defined and well-distinguish.


Example:
1. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. B= {x : x is the students of 66th d group at DBA}
Operation on sets: Let A= {1, 3, 4, 6} and {2, 3, 4, 5} are two let ∪= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7} is a universal set.

1.Unions of set: A ∪ B = {1, 3, 4, 6} ∪ {2, 3, 4, 5}


= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

2.Intention of set: A ∩ B = {1, 3, 4, 6} ∩ {2, 3, 4, 5}


= {3, 4}
3.Diffirent between two set:
i. A – B = {1, 3, 4, 6} – {2, 3, 4, 5}
= {1, 6}
ii. B – A = {2, 3, 4, 5} – {1, 3, 4, 6}
= {2, 5}

4.Complement of a set:
a) A’/ Ac = ∪ – A
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} – {1, 3, 4, 6}
= {2, 5, 7}

b) B’/ Bc = ∪ – B
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} – {2, 3, 4, 5}
= {1, 6, 7}

4.Cartesian product: Let A = {a, b} and B= {1, 2} are two sets, then the
Cartesian product,
a) A×B = {a, b} × {1, 2}
= {(a, 1), (a, 2), (b, 1), (b, 2)}
b) B×A = {1, 2} × {a, b}
= {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b)}

Venn Diagram

A B
1 2
3
6 5
4

1. A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. A ∩ B = {3, 4}
3. A – B = {1, 6}
4. A’/ Ac = {2, 5, 7}
5. A×B = {(a, 1), (a, 2), (b, 1), (b, 2)}

5.Number of elements in a finite set: If A, B and c are not disjoint set then,
• n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(c) – n(A ∪ B) – n(B ∪ C) - n(A ∪ C) + n(A ∪
B ∪ C)

Venn Diagram

• n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) + n(A ∪ B)

Venn Diagram

6.finite set disjoint:


• n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(c)
• n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B)

❖ Dhaka city has a total population of 2,00,00,000 out of it 35,00,000 are


service holders and 25,00,000 are businessmen while 10,00,000 are in
both positions. Indicate how many people are neither service holders nor
businessmen?

Solution: Let P, S and B are the set of the total population service holders &
businessmen respectively.
So,
n(P) = 2,00,00,000
n(S) = 35,00,000
n(B) = 25,00,000
n(S ∩ B) = 10,00,000
So, the number of the people who at least one position is n(S ∩ B)
We know,
n(S ∪ B) = n(S) + n(B) – n(S ∩ B)
= 35,00,000 + 25,00,000 – 10,00,000
= 50,00,000
The number of the people who are neither service holders nor businessmen is
= n(P) – n(S ∪ B)
= 2,00,00,000 – 50,00,000
= 1,50,00,000
❖ Out of 30 students in a quantitively neither course, 12 are majoring in
Accounting, 10 in Finance and 11 in Economics. There are 5 double majors
in Accounting and Economics, 4 in Finance and Economics, 6 in Accounting
and Finance a 2 triple majors.

a) How many students are not majoring any of three subjects?


b) How many students are majoring only one subject?

Solution: Let S, A, F and E are the set of the total students Accounting, Finance
and Economics respectively.
So,
n(S) = 30
n(A) = 12
n(F) = 10
n(E) = 11
n(A ∩ E) = 5
n(F ∩ E) = 4
n(A ∩ F) = 6
n(A ∩ F ∩ E) = 2
So, the number of the students who at least one position is n(A ∪ F ∪ E)
We know,
n(A ∪ F ∪ E) = n(A) + n(F) + n(E) –n(A ∩ E) – n(F ∩ E) – n(A ∩ F) + n(A ∩ F ∩ E)
= 12 + 10 + 11 – 6 – 5 – 4 + 2
= 20
The number of the students who are not majoring any of three subjects is
= n(S) – n(A ∩ F ∩ E)
= 30 – 20
= 10
a) The number of the students who only major Accounting is
= n(A) – n(A ∩ F) – n(A ∩ E) + n(A ∩ F ∩ E)
=12 – 6 – 5 + 2
=3
b) The number of the students who only major Finance is
= n(F) – n(F ∩ E) – n(A ∩ F) – n(A ∩ F ∩ E)
=10 – 6 – 4 + 2
=2
c) The number of the students who only major Economics is
= n(E) – n(A ∩ E) – n(F ∩ E) + n(A ∪ F ∪ E)
= 11 – 5 – 4 + 2
=4

∴The number of the students who are majoring only one subject is = 3 + 2 + 4
=9

Assignment
❖ Discuss various types of sets with example.
❖ Out of 1500 students of a students of a university, 600 played cricket, 400
played football and 650 played table tennis, of the total 200 played
football and table tennis, 150 played cricket and table tennis, 100 played
all three games.
a) How many students did not play any game?
b) How many students played only one game?

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