SELECTION AID

Selection Guide for Encoders

This document guides you to find the right encoder for

your application.
We raise the relevant questions and
give the appropriate answers.

Very often the differences between two encoders seem to be marginal. With the help of this
document you are in the position to find these differences quickly and easily enabling you to
choose the right encoder product family.

What is the difference between ...?

Incremental and Absolute

• Counts pulses from 1 to n • Measures the absolute position from 1 to n

• Reference run (zero pulse) necessary to obtain ­position value • Every measuring step is defined by a unique (absolute)
• The number of pulses defines the resolution code pattern
• The number of steps defines the resolution

Singleturn and Multiturn

• Variant of an absolute encoder • Variant of an absolute encoder

• Measures the absolute position from 1 to n within one • Measures the absolute position from 1 to n within one
revolution revolution
• In addition measures the number of revolutions

And between ...?

Wire draw encoders and Linear encoders

• Measures lengths between A and B • Measures lengths between A and B

• Consists of an rotary encoder and a wire draw mechanism • Consists of read head and scale
• The wire is mounted to the moving part • The read head is mounted to the moving part
• The encoder is fixed • The measuring element is fixed

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What should be measured?
Angle or distance?

The question seems to be easy. However, the correct answer is the basis used when
­entering the selection guide on the next two pages. There we distinguish between ­“rotary”
and “linear”.

Angle = rotary encoders (selection guide page 4)

Incremental encoders

DBS36 DBS50 DFS60 DFS20/25 HD32/52 DFV60 DGS34/35

Absolute encoders singleturn Absolute encoders multiturn

AFS60 AFS60 A3M60 AFM60 AFM60

ARS20/25 ARS60 ATM60 ATM90
SSI Ethernet PROFIBUS Ethernet SSI

Distance = linear encoders (selection guide page 5)

Wire draw encoders Linear encoders with scale or magnetic tape

EcoLine Compact HighLine KH53 KH53A TTK70

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 Rotary encoders

Incremental Absolute encoders Absolute encoders

encoders singleturn multiturn

DGS34/35

ARS20/25

A3M60

AFM60
DBS36

DBS50

ATM60

ATM90
ARS60
DFS60

DFV60

AFS60
DFS2x

HD52

HD32
Should an absolute position always Yes ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
be measured?
No ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
How many absolute turns should be
measured?
No absolute measurement ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
1 ■ ■ ■
2 or more ■ ■ ■ ■
Which Interface connection is required? TTL/HTL ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Open Collector ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
SIN/COS 1 VPP ■
Parallel ■ ■
SSI ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
PROFIBUS ■ ■ ■
CANopen ■
DeviceNet ■
EtherNet/IP ■ ■
PROFINET ■ ■
EtherCAT ■ ■
What is the maximum ­diameter
available?
Up to 36 mm ■
Up to 40 mm ■
Up to 50 mm ■ ■ ■ ■
Up to 60 mm ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Up to 90 mm ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
What type of mounting shaft is required? Face mount flange
solid shaft ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Sqaure mount flange
solid shaft ■ ■ ■ ■
Servo flange solid shaft ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Blind hollow shaft ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Through hollow shaft ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Should a measuring wheel be used to
measure the position?
Yes ■
No ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Is a shaft diameter > 16 mm required? Yes ■
No ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
What resolution is required (pulses/
steps)?
Up to 2,500 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Up to 8,192 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
> 8,192 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
> 32,768 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Is a solution enabling programming
by the customer required (resolution,
Yes ■ ■ ■ 1)
■ ■ 1) 1)
■ ■ 1) 1)

­zero-pulse …)? No ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
1)
Programming by programming tool (SSI) or controller of the relevant bus interface.

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Linear encoders

Wire draw encoders Linear encoders with

measuring element or
magnetic type

Compact

HighLine
EcoLine

KH53A

TTK70
KH53
Maximum number of ­measuring cycles? Up to 1,000,000 ■ ■ ■
Infinite ■ ■ ■
Which type of distance measurement is
required?
Absolute ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Incremental ■ ■ ■ ■
Which interface connection is required? TTL/HTL ■ ■ ■
Analog ■ ■
HIPERFACE ■ ■ ■ ■ 2)

SSI ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
PROFIBUS ■ ■ ■ ■
CANopen ■ ■
DeviceNet ■ ■
EtherNet/IP ■ ■
PROFINET ■ ■
EtherCAT ■ ■
Is a continuous mounting surface avail-
able along the total measuring length?
Yes ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
No ■ ■ ■
How are the mounting tolerances? Low ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Middle ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
High ■
What measuring length is required? ≤5m ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
≤ 10 m ■ ■ ■ ■
≤ 50 m ■ ■ ■
≤ 548 m ■ ■
≤ 1,700 m ■
What resolution is required? ≤ 0.1 mm ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
≤ 0.05 mm ■ ■ ■
≤ 1 µm ■ ■
How robust should the measuring system
be?
Low ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Middle ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
High ■ ■ ■
Which frame size can be used? Small ■ ■
Middle ■ ■
Large ■ ■ ■
2)
On demand

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Glossary
Ana ... Dru

Code disc
A
-- See “Output frequency, maximum“ on page 10
Analog interface
Code type
Standard analog interface: As required from 4 to 20 mA, or 0 to
10 V output signal. Unique encoding of the measured values according to a defined
scheme at the encoder output. In practice, different codes are
B used for different electrical interfaces, e.g. SSI interface with
Gray code.
Baud rate
Cycle
Gives the signal rate and hence the speed of serial data trans-
fer in bits per second. -- See “Service life“ on page 11

Bend radius
D
In cabling terms, the bend radius relates to the smallest curve
radius a cable may have when installed, without the cable
DeviceNet
properties being altered. The bend radius is given in relation to
the cable diameter.

DeviceNet is a CAN based communication protocol.

10x User organization: ODVA
More detailed information about this technology is available at
5x
www.odva.com

Differential evaluation
Bus system Evaluation of signals produced by a circuit which produces a sig-
A system for transferring data between multiple devices over nal and its invert. The 1/0 level, or sine/cosine signals are trans-
a common cable. A bus system makes it possible to control all ferred in the form of voltage differences between two cables. In
sensors and actuators centrally. Additional information such as this way, the signal used (the difference) remains uncorrupted as
process data, service data and diagnostics data can also be interference normally affects both cables equally.
exchanged.
Drag chain use suitability
Well known examples are:
Drag chain use suitability is the ability of cabling to be used in
DeviceNet, PROFIBUS, CANopen, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP,
moving applications. PUR cabling is suitable for drag chain use,
EtherCAT.
but PVC cabling is of limited suitability or completely unsuitable.
Additional information on bus systems can be found in this
In the case of PUR cabling, the number of bend cycles is gener-
glossary under the CANopen, DeviceNet, EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP,
ally greater and the bend radius smaller than with PVC cabling.
PROFIBUS and PROFINET entries.
Drum circumference
C The resolution in mm of a wire draw encoder can be deter-
mined using the circumference of the drum and the resolution
CANopen of the rotary encoder (e.g. 12 bits per revolution).

CANopen: is a communication protocol based on CAN.

User organization: CiA (CAN in Automation)
More detailed information about this technology is available at
www.can-cia.org

Channel
Signal path upon which a signal is output.

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 Glossary
EMC ... Fla

EtherCAT
E

EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that technical EtherCAT is an Ethernet based fieldbus.
equipment should not be affected by electromagnetic interfer-
User organization: EtherCAT Technology Group
ence. This is achieved both by limiting sources of interference
in devices and by devices being designed to be sufficiently More detailed information about this technology is available at
resistant to interference. EMC is regulated by EU Directives and www.ethercat.org
Standards.
EtherNet / IP
Enclosure rating
The enclosure rating indicates the degree of protection of a
machine or sensor against contact and penetration by impuri-
ties and water. The enclosure ratings begin with the letters IP,
followed by the first digit, which indicates the degree of protec- EtherNet / IP is an Ethernet based fieldbus.
tion provided against touch and particles. The second digit User organization: ODVA
describes the protection against penetration by water. More detailed information about this technology is available at
Encoders www.odva.com
Encoders are sensors for monitoring position, angle and speed.
Essentially, encoders can be categorized as rotary or linear.
F
Rotary encoders are sub-divided into incremental and absolute
encoders. Linear encoders are further sub-divided into wire Fieldbus
draw encoders and non-contact linear encoders. Bus system in the process area for direct connection of sensors
and actuators that have their own intelligence. Data in digital
Encoders, absolute form is transferred between sensors, actuators and control de-
Absolute encoders generate information relating to position, vices via a fieldbus. This transfer must be as rapid as possible,
angle and rotation counts in type-specific angle steps. For this, i.e. close to real time. For this, a fixed minimum and maximum
a unique code pattern is assigned to each angle step. The num- response time must be guaranteed.
ber of code patterns available per revolution determines the
resolution. Each code pattern forms a unique reference, and is Flange
therefore absolute position information. There is therefore no Part of the encoder for fixing to the customer installation inter-
need for a reference run after switching on. A singleturn encoder face. There are various mechanical versions, for example:
measures the absolute position within a revolution. A multiturn
encoder not only provides the position within a revolution but also
the number of revolutions.

Encoders, incremental
Incremental encoders generate information related to position,
angle and number of rotations. The number of lines per revolu-
tion determines the number of impulses that the encoder trans-
mits to the control unit for each revolution. The current position
can be determined by the control unit counting these impulses
Left: Face mount flange; Right: Servo flange.
from a reference point. When the machine is switched on, a
reference run to the reference point is required to determine
the actual position of the encoder.

Error limit
The error limit is the largest positive or negative deviation of
any angle position (absolute) or of a measured angle (incre-
mental) from the true value.

Left: Blind hollow shaft; Right: Through hollow shaft.

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Glossary
Gra ... Jit

cables between the frequency inverter and the motor feedback

G
system.
The absence of motor feedback connections achieves signifi-
Gray code
cant cost savings and distinctly increased performance.
Constant code that is also used with the SSI interface. When
the position value changes from one value to the next, only one HTL push-pull
data bit changes. This ensures reliable data transfer. High Voltage Transistor Logic functions with a voltage supply in
the range 10 and 30 V DC, with 24 V DC being the most usual.
Gray excess code
“Low” is defined as an output of between 0 V and 3 V and
If a suitable section for encoder resolution is extracted from the “high” as between VCC and VCC - 3.5 V.
middle of the complete Gray code, this results in the “Gray Ex-
cess Code” (capped Gray code). The use of this Gray excess I
code allows only a single data bit to be altered even when the
encoder crosses zero, although the number of steps is not 2 n
Interface, electrical
where n is a whole number.
Connection point between two devices or systems. The devices
or systems on either side of an interface are connected to
H
each other by interface cabling over which data, addresses and
control signals are exchanged. The term interface embraces the
Halogen-free (wiring technique)
complete functional, electrical and constructive conditions that
Cables and wiring are said to be halogen-free if the materials make up the point of contact between the devices or systems.
used do not contain salt forming chlorine, fluorine, bromine Depending on the type of data transfer, a distinction must be
or iodine. The insulation and sheath materials of these cables made between parallel (e.g. Centronics, IEEE 488) and serial
consist of polymers based on pure hydrocarbons. When such interfaces (e.g. RS-422, RS-423, RS-485) that are designed for
materials are burned, no corrosive or toxic gases are produced, differing transfer speeds and distances.
but only water vapor and carbon dioxide.
Interface, mechanical
HIPERFACE®
-- See “Flange“ on page 7

Inverted signal
Reciprocal signal for the suppression of interference impulses
when using differential sampling.

High Performance Interface (HIPERFACE®) is a hybrid interface 90° el. Measurement step
developed by SICK that can transfer analog speed values and 360° el.

digital position values. Electrical compatibility is guaranteed by

A
the use of HIPERFACE® as the obligatory interface for all physi-
cal parameters.
The advantages of HIPERFACE® are that only one interface is Ā
required on the drive electronics for all applications, only one
type of signal cabling is needed between the drive electronics
and the signal encoder and manual configuration of the speed A = Original signal; Ā = Inverted signal.
sensor is not necessary.
-- See “Differential evaluation“ on page 6
HIPERFACE® DSL

Jitter
The High Performance Interface DSL is a pure Digital Servo From the English verb “to jitter”: flicker, tremble; time variation of
Link interface developed by SICK that provides new servo the output signal resulting from constantly present tolerances.
drive system architecture for HIPERFACE® with a completely
new range of options as it is not hybrid (analog/digital), but is
completely digital.
Thanks to the innovative and interference-free HIPERFACE DSL®
protocol, rugged and reliable communication can be achieved
using just two wires that are integrated into the motor cable.
In addition, the digital protocol requires a minimum of connection

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 Glossary
Lin ... Mul

Measurement step
L
There is a differentiation here between the measurement step
for absolute and incremental measurement systems.
Linear encoders
A linear encoder is for frictionless length measurement and de- Incremental measurement systems:
termining positions. A read head samples a code pattern or the In this case, the measurement step represents the period of
magnetic field of a magnetic scale and outputs the appropriate the output signal. Here, the number of periods is the same as
electric signal. the number of lines per revolution on the measurement scale,
or a multiple thereof.
Absolute measurement systems:
In this case the measurement step is the smallest possible
angular movement of the rotor that will produce a change in
the output signal.

Measurement step deviation

The measurement step deviation indicates the maximum
measurement deviation from measurement step to measure-
ment step. For this, measured values are taken at one or more
adjacent positions in the test range and their maximum devia-
tion from the desired value determined.

Multiturn (MT)
A version of an absolute encoder that in addition to the angular
position of the shaft (singleturn) can also definitively determine
Principle of operation and output the number of shaft rotations (multiturn).

Linearity
The accuracy of wire draw encoders is described by the linear-
ity. This indicates the maximum deviation for the measurement
of a defined measurement distance or rotation. In contrast to
repeatability, this relates to the measuring range covered and
not to the positioning point.
The data sheet values for wire draw encoders refer to the par-
ticular measuring range.

Material resistance, PUR

Flexible silicone and halogen-free cabling with PUR outer sheath:
The oil and fire resistance requirements of VDE 0472 are ful-
filled. Can be used in drag chain applications with a minimum
Example: Magnetic multiturn with gearing.
bend radius. This cabling is most suitable for flexible use in robot
technology, for machine tools, as well as for machining produc-
tion.

Material resistance, PVC

Pure PVC cables, suitable for medium mechanical strain in
packaging machines as well as for assembly and production
lines: good resistance to acids and alkalis and hence ideal for
use in the foods and drinks industries. Resistance to wear as
well as oil and chemical resistance is limited.

Measurement range
The range within which a rotary or linear encoder can produce
a valid measurement signal.

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Glossary
NPN ... Rep

N P

NPN Open Collector PNP output

The NPN Open Collector is an interface based on an output E
circuit with an NPN transistor. B
An open collector is the unconnected collector connection of an
NPN transistor, whose emitter is connected to earth and whose C
collector is connected to the output.
The PNP output is an interface based on an output circuit with
NPN output a PNP transistor.
C Preset
B
For absolute encoders, a preset value can be allocated to the
actual physical position value. In the case of an allocation via
E the set wire, this equates to the value 0. For programmable
NPN output is an interface based on an output circuit with absolute encoders, the preset value can be any value within
NPN transistor. the measuring range.

PROFIBUS
O

Offset
The difference between the actual physical value and the preset
value is described as the offset. This can be both a position PROFIBUS is a fieldbus for industrial communications.
offset for position measurement, as well as a voltage offset.
User organization: PNO (PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e. V.)
Position: Offset value More detailed information about this technology is available at
2000 www.profibus.com

Actual value Preset value PROFINET (Process Field Network)

1000 3000

Output frequency, maximum

The maximum encoder output signal frequency, for which the
PROFINET is an Ethernet based fieldbus.
correct sequence of the code values is assured is called the
maximum output frequency. User organization: PNO (PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e. V.)

The formula used is as follows: More detailed information about this technology is available at
n*Z www.profibus.com
f=
60 s
R
Z = Number of encoder lines; n = Revolutions per / min; f = Output frequency.

Reference signal

-- See “Zero pulse“ on page 13

Repetition accuracy

-- See “Reproducibility“ on page 10

Reproducibility
Reproducibility, repetition accuracy or repeatability is defined
as the maximum distribution from at least five consecutive
measurements, carried out under identical conditions.

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 Glossary
Res ... Ser

Resolution Sampling, optical

The resolution is expressed as the number of impulses per Position, angle and speed determination for rotary or linear
revolution or path units. encoders using LEDs, code patterns and photo-diodes.
Encoder type Resolution definition The line marks (for incremental encoders) or codes (for ab-
Rotary, incremental Resolution as number of impulses solute encoders) are inscribed as digital patterns on a glass,
Rotary, absolute, singl- Resolution as number of steps per revolu- metal or plastic disc and are sampled by a light source (light
eturn tion emitting diode) and photo-diodes.
Rotary, absolute, mul- The total resolution consists of the num-
titurn ber of steps per revolution and the num- Encoders with optical sampling are usually of higher resolution
ber of revolutions than magnetic ones.
Linear encoders Resolution in mm
Special for cable pull:
Circumference of cable drum
Resolution for one revolution of the en-
coder

If, for example a rotary incremental encoder has a resolution of

12 bits, this means the number of impulses is 4096.
The formula for calculation is: Number of impulses = 2X,
where x is the resolution in bits.

Rotation direction, clockwise (cw)

Rotation to the right, when viewing the shaft.

Rotation direction, counterclockwise (ccw)

Rotation to the left, when viewing the shaft.

S 1 LED; 2 Lens; 3 Reference point; 4 Code disc; 5 Mask; 6 Photo-diode.

Sampling frequency
The frequency with which the signal periods of a sensor system
are measured per second.
For incremental measuring systems, the speed is limited by the
maximum sampling frequency.

Sampling, magnetical
Position, angle and speed determination for rotary or linear en-
coders using permanent magnets and appropriate evaluation
units to determine the magnetic field. Encoders with magnetic
sampling are usually of lower resolution than optical ones. Code discs: Left incremental, right absolute.

Scaling
φ
For programmable encoders, the encoder actual value is multi-
plied by a scaling factor. This means that the resolution can be
adapted to the application in question.

Permanent Service life

magnet For rotary encoders, the service life of the bearings represents
the overall service life of the encoder expressed in revolutions.
For wire draw encoders, the service life is expressed as the
Hall sensor total number of cycles. A cycle is defined as one withdrawal and
rewind movement (load cycle).
The service life depends on the type of load. This is influenced
by factors such as the environment, the installation location,
the measuring range in use, the travel speed and acceleration.
If the value of one or more of these influencing factors is in the
high range, the service life may be reduced proportionally.

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Glossary
Sha ... Sta

Shaft Silicone-free (connections)

The component of a rotary encoder that transfers the rotation Silicone-free connections must be used in certain industrial
movement and torque from the application to the sensor unit of fields, such as paint shops. The reason for this is that silicones
the encoder. can reduce the effectiveness of or disrupt adhesive or other
joints.
Shaft coupling
A shaft coupling is for the indirect connection of two shafts to Sine-Cosine interfaces
balance radial, axial or angular offset. Unlike conventional pulse signals, sine-cosine signals are emit-
ted in sine-wave form. These signals can be output at a higher
resolution, as there is also an option to sample the signals
using an analog-digital converter. For this reason also, encod-
ers with sine-cosine interfaces are preferred for demanding
servo applications for which a high level of accuracy is required.
In addition to the signals, a zero set can also be emitted, from
which the absolute position can be calculated.
Shaft load capacity, axial Singleturn (ST)
The axial shaft load capability describes the load capacity along A version of an absolute encoder that can definitively determine
the axis of the encoder shaft. and output the angle position within a single revolution.

SSI

A synchronous serial interface is a standardized interface

originally developed by Max Stegman GmbH (now SICK) for
serial data transfer that makes it possible to transmit absolute
positions. The advantage of this type of transfer is that, as well
as the time of the recording of the position, the speed of the
data transfer can be controlled by the PLC. This guarantees
safe transfer.
Shaft load capacity, radial
The radial shaft load capability describes the load capacity Starting torque
about the radius along the encoder shaft. For this, the point of The torque required to move a shaft from the rest position in
action must be applied to the end of the shaft. the rotation direction.

Stator coupling
The stator coupling compensates for both the radial and axial
shaft movements of the drive element as well as installation
tolerances without significantly affecting the accuracy of hollow
shaft encoders. The stator coupling absorbs the torque derived
from the bearing friction during angular acceleration.

Shielding
The shielding of equipment or connecting cables is the design-
dependent protection of equipment against radiated electro-
magnetic interference. Sensitivity to radiated electromagnetic
interference, as well as the intensity of radiated electromag-
netic interference, must be reduced by full shielding so that the
encoder can be used properly. This should be extensive and all
around.

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 Glossary
Sur ... Zer

Surrounding field strength

Z
The surrounding field strength describes the maximum per-
mitted influence of external magnetic fields. These external
Zero pulse
influences must be within the permitted limits to guarantee
A signal (e.g. Channel Z) to determine the zero point of an
interference-free functioning of magnetic (linear) encoders.
incremental encoder, that is output once during a rotation of
the encoder shaft. The zero pulse is normally used for the refer-
T
ence run of a machine.

Thermal expansion coefficient 90° el. Measurement step

This describes the behavior of a material in relation to changes 360° el.

of its dimensions as influenced by changes in temperature.

A
TTL RS-422
In a transistor-transistor logic (TTL), both the logical status and
B
the amplification are done by transistors, hence the name.
The TTL output is supplied with either a fixed 5 V voltage or
a variable voltage of between 10 and 32 V. For this the low Z
Zero pulse
range is defined as the ≤ 0.4 V and the high range as ≥ 2.4 V.

W
Zero pulse width, electrical
Wire draw encoder Width of the zero pulse (= length of the high signal) in relation
Wire draw encoders are position sensors that function according to an impulse period.
to the cable extension principle. The sensor system consists of a
90° el.
wire draw mechanism and a rotary encoder. The core component Measurement step
360° el.
of a wire draw encoder is a drum around which a wire is wound
in a single layer. Winding is achieved by means of a spring. A
The resolution of the wire draw encoder can be determined from
the relationship between the circumference of the drum and the
resolution of the rotary encoder. B

90°
Z1 elec. gated with
Channel A and B
Spring
drive
180°
Z2 elec. gated with
Channel B

Clutch
180°
Adapter Z3 elec. gated with
Measuring Channel A
wire

270°
Z4 elec. gated with
Channel A or B
Measurement
drum

Encoder
system

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Glossary
Zer ...

Zero pulse width, mechanical

Width of the zero pulse (= length of the high signal, occasionally
of the low signal as well) in relation to a mechanical rotation of
the shaft.

1 turn
360° mech.

1°–359°
Z

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from SICK will provide you with an ideal detecting the volume, position and and online orders
basis for your plans – there is no need contour of people and objects
to settle for anything less than the best. •• Complete system solutions for analy-
sis and flow measurement of gases
and liquids

Worldwide presence with México Please find detailed addresses and

subsidiaries in the following Nederland additional representatives and agencies
countries: Norge in all major industrial nations at
Österreich www.sick.com
Australia Polska
Belgium/Luxembourg România
Brasil Russia
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Canada Singapore
China Slovenija
Danmark South Africa
Deutschland South Korea
España Suomi
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India Türkiye
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Italia USA
Japan

SICK, Inc. | Minneapolis, MN | United States | www.sickusa.com