(Microscope Parts juct above the stage. It can be rototed clockwise or counterclockwise to magnification. The change In magnification reaults due to a change in the objective tens, Oblective lenses — The objective lens specimen. They are fitted on the nosepiece. A standard microscope: has 3 to 4 objective tenses of different magnifying powers: 4x. 10%, 40x, and 100X. The objective lenses. firet receive the light tranemitted from the specimen and maanity the Image for the first time. Objective lenses are color-coded and are of different sizes, Size and color depend fon the power of the lens. The be of and gradually, the longest wil lenses |.e. 40% and 100x, are Pushed Inward. In most optical microacopes, objective lenses with Immersion type. The Adjustment knobs — Adjustment a. Fine Adjustment Knob: Fine Adjustment knob ld for fine ne Adjustment Knob: Coa! coarse adjustment knob, ‘There are three structural parts of the microscope Le. head, arm, and base. 1. Head ~ The head is a cylindrical metallic tube that holds the eyepiece lens at one end and connects to the nose piece at other end, tis also called a body tube or eyepiece tube. It connects the eyepiece lens to the objective lens. The light coming from objectives will bend inside this tube. In binocular microscopes, they are adjustable so that the viewer can adjust the eyepiece for maximum visualization. 2. Arm ~ This is the part connecting the base to the head and the eyepiece tube to the base of the microscope. It ‘supports the head of the microscope and is also used when carrying the microscope, Some high-quality microscopes have an articulated arm with more than one joint, allowing ‘more movement of the microscopic head for better viewing. 3, Base ~ The base is the lowermost, part of the microscope that supports the entire microscope structure. It provides stability for the microscope. luminators, light switches, and electrical wiring systems are fitted in the base,Optical parts of a microscope The optical parts of the microscope are used to view, magnify, and produce an image from a specimen placed on a slide. These parts include: 1. Eyepiece ~ The eyepiece (ocular Lens) is closest to the viewer's eye. They are located at the top of the microscope. This part is used to look at the specimen. These lenses come in different magnification powers from 5X to 30X, but the most commen ocular lenses are of 10X or 15X magnification, They magnify the image for the second time. 2. Eyepiece tube ~ It's the eyepiece holder. It carries the eyepiece just above the objective lens. In some microscopes, such as the binoculars, the eyepiece tube is flexible and can be rotated for maximum visualization for variance in distance, For monocular microscopes, they are none flexible, 3. Diopter Adjustment ~ Diopter Adjustment is a control knob present only in the binocular microscope that is used to change focus on one eyepiece. It is used to correct any difference in vision and compensate for the differences in vision between the viewer's two eyes. 10. Microscopic illuminator ~ A microscopic illuminator is a light source. In some compound microscopes, a mirror, which reflects the light from an external source to the sample, is used. In other optical microscopes, different electric bulbs of low voltages are used as a constant light source. Commonly used illuminators are tungsten- halogen lamps, 75-150W Xenon lamps, tin-halide lamps, mercury vapor lamps, etc. The selection of types of bulbs is based on the requirement of intensity and wavelength for illumination. 11. Condenser ~ These are lenses that are used to collect and focus light from the illuminator into the specimen, They are found under the stage next to the diaphragm of the microscope. They play a major role in ensuring clear, sharp images are produced with a high magnification of 400X and above. The higher the magnification of the condenser, the clearer the image. More sophisticated microscopes come with an Abbe condenser that has a high magnification of about 1000X.12. Diaphragm - It's also known as the iris, ttis found under the stage of the microscope, and its primary role is to control the amount of light that reaches the specimen. It's an adjustable apparatus, hence controlling the light intensity and the size of the beam of light that gets to the specimen. For high-quality microscopes, the diaphragm comes attached with an Abbe condenser, and combined, they are able to control the light focus and light intensity that reaches the specimen. 13. Condenser focus knob - This is a knob that moves the condenser up or down, thus controlling the focus of light on the specimen. 14, Abbe Condenser ~ This condenser specially designed for high-quality microscopes makes the condenser movable and allows very high magnification above 400X. High- quality microscopes normally have a higher numerical aperture than objective lenses. 7, Stage — This is the section in which the specimen is placed for viewing. They have stage clips that hold the specimen slides in place. The most common stage is the mechanical stage, which allows the control of the slides by moving the slides using the mechanical knobs on the stage instead of moving them manually. Stage Control Knobs ~ Stage Control Knobs are the control knobs used to move the stage mechanically. There are two knobs; one for moving left and right and the other for moving forward and backward. This will move the slide in the field of vision Aperture ~ This is a hole in the microscope stage through which the transmitted light from the source reaches the stage. 75. The rack stop = It controls how far the stages should go, preventing the objective lens from getting too close to the specimen slide, which may damage the specimen. It is responsible for preventing the specimen slide from coming too far up and hitting the objective lens. 16. Light Switch - Light Switch is an electrical control device. Light switches are used to on and off the illuminator. 17. Brightness Adjustment - The brightness adjustment system controls the voltage supplied to the light bulb, controlling the intensity (brightness) of the light bulb,