Erudite Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences

Vol. 1, No. 1, September, 2021, pp. 06-10

Journal homepage: http://www.ejetms.com

Analysis of Multi-Storey Building Considering Wind Effects

K. Jagan Moan Reddy1*, Habtamu Melesse Dicha1
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Arba Mich University, Ethiopia

Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Received: 12 March 2021 ABSTRACT

Accepted: 16 July 2021 In this modern era of building construction, the demand for tall structures has
been increasing immensely. The horizontal land space is almost exhausted in
many places. This has forced people to occupy vertical spacing. The increasing
Keywords: demand for the construction of tall buildings has led to the development of new
wind forces, maximum storey displacement, construction technologies. As the height of the building rises high above the
shear wall, shear wall positioning ground, the wind forces become predominant. This results in the abnormal
behavior of the structure. For the structure's safety, proper analysis and a clear
understanding of the wind forces are required. The main factor to be considered
is the maximum storey displacement. The top storey displacement of the
structure is studied for a multistory building. This structure is provided with a
shear wall at various positions to reduce the lateral displacement. A shear wall
is offered to counteract the effects of lateral load acting on it. Seismic load and
wind load are the two common loads shear wall is designed to carry. A shear
wall of 200 mm thickness is provided in this study. Five different shear wall
positioning have been provided, and the top storey displacement of the structure
is studied. The research aims at understanding the behavior of the structure every
time the shear wall position is changed. Software analysis of the structure has
been carried out with the help of E-Tabs. The detailed studies have clearly
shown a significant change in the maximum storey displacement at the given
shear wall positioning. The shear wall positions can be improvised to provide
better stiffness and moment of resistance to the structure. The values of each
analysis have been noted, and the detailed performance of the structure is
studied.

1. INTRODUCTION explicitly not considered as a part of the lateral force resisting

system. To ensure the ability of the structure to sustain
In general, the consequence of lateral load (i.e., earthquake inelastic rotations resulting from drift and deformation, design
and wind) increases as the height of the building increases. provisions for moment frame and eccentric braced frame
There are three methods which can be used to defy lateral load structures have a few requirements. In addition to this the
effects on multistoried buildings. They are dual system, frame connections and structural elements which are not a part of the
action and/or Shear walls. Peak inter-storey drift and lateral lateral force resisting system, if their lateral deflections
sway are the two methods used to assess the stiffness and become too large, need to be detailed expecting maximum
lateral stability of building. In seismic design, both structural displacement and drifts during an earthquake, i.e., they
elements and lateral force resisting systems can be affected by experience rotations and deflections similar to those of the
drift and lateral displacement. The structure sways due to the lateral force resisting system. The displacement is to be limited
lateral force acting on it (in terms of lateral force resisting to certain values to limit nonstructural damage. It is seen that
system). Consequently, a relationship exists between without any standard serviceability design of limit state
movement due to lateral loads and the lateral force resisting different engineers tend to design buildings with different
system; this relationship can be arrived at, manually or levels of performance and inconsistent economy. Thus, a
analytically [1]. standard can be created based on the criteria obtained by
Estimates of different design criteria, like rotations of joints Finley A Charney on Wind drift Serviceability Limit State
in moment resisting frames and in eccentric braced frames can Design on Multistory building (1990). When studies were
be obtained with the help of the results obtained. The lateral conducted on various cross-sectional shapes of the building, it
analysis can also be used to approximate the effect of lateral was found that the overturning moment on rectangular shaped
sway on structural elements which are not a part of the lateral buildings were insignificant by S.T.Thoroddsen, J.A.Peterka
force resisting system like beams and columns. These are

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and J.E.Cermak on Correlation of the Components of Wind 3.1 Parameters of the building
loading on Tall Building (1988).
The parameters considered for this study are:

2. THEORY • Beam Dimension: 300mm*500mm

• Column Dimension: 500mm*500mm
A multistory or a high rise building usually has two
• Slab thickness: 200mm
significant loading concerns: seismic load and wind load. The
wind load effect increases as the height of the structure • Storey Height: 4m+21 storey@ 3.3m=73.3m
increases. The assessment of wind load on a particular • Bay Length: 5m*5m
structure is done based on the wind pressure maps given in • Length: 20m
Bureau of Indian standards 875 (part III) – 2015. The wind • Width: 15m
speeds given in the codes has been worked out for return
• Grade of Concrete: M30
period of 50 years given by Indian Meteorological Department
(IMD). Various factors like topography, terrain effects, size of • Grade of Steel: Fe415
the structure are considered for the assessment of the behavior • Wall thickness(Inner): 150mm
of the building [2]. • Wall thickness(Outer): 230mm

3.2 Model Assumptions

• Dead loads are invariant for various sizes of

members.
• All the structural members are linear and prismatic.
• The concrete assumed is linearly elastic. P- effect
is neglected.
• The connections between the members of the
building are rigid while the building is fixed at the
base.
• The building considered is a residential complex.

3.3 Load Considerations

3.3.1 Dead Load

The load of the beams and columns has been taken into
account by ETABS itself. The dead load of the slab is taken as
Figure 1. Various Shear wall positioning considered 1.86 kN/m2. The load of the brick wall of 230mm outer wall
thickness is taken as 12.68 kN/m2 and the load of inner wall of
150mm thickness is taken as 8.4 kN/m2.
2.1 Objectives of the Study
3.3.2 Live Load
The objective of this study is to analyze a high-rise/ a
multistorey building taking into account wind effects. Shear Live load has been considered as per IS 875 (part II) i.e., 2
wall is provided to the considered structure and the results are kN/m2 at floors.
compared in order to find out the best suitable shear wall
position to obtain least deflection/ displacement [3]. 3.3.3 Wind Load

2.2 Scope of study The wind loads are considered as per IS 875 (part-III) –
2015. Basic wind speed has been selected from Appendix A of
The scope of this study has been limited to change in the the code. The location considered in this study is Chennai
positioning of the shear wall. Five different shear wall (Madras), whose basic wind speed is 50 m/s. Design wind
positioning has been considered as shown in the Figure1. speed (Vz) is the modification of the basic wind speed by
including the following effects to obtain design wind velocity
at the required height (Vz) for the structure under
3. METHODOLOGY consideration.

ETABS software is used to carry out the required analysis. It can be mathematically expressed by:
The high-rise building is analyzed by providing loading as per
IS 875 (Part III). The shear of 200mm thickness is provided to Vz=Vbk1k2k3
this building and then analyzed again similarly.
Where,

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 k1 = 1.0 (clause 5.3.1 of the code) which is for the case of Various cases are considered based on different shear wall
All general buildings and structures, whose mean probable positioning. A shear wall of 200mm thickness is considered.
design life is 50 years, for a basic wind speed of 50m/s. The top story displacement of the structure for load
[ probability factor] combination case (a) is shown on Table 2 Load combination
k2 = 1.06 (clause 5.3.2 of the code) which is considered for case (a) corresponds to the load combination as per IS
terrain category 3 and class C as the height of the building 456:2000 of 1.2(DL+LL+WX+) and the corresponding graph
exceeds 50m [terrain, height and structure size factor] is shown in Figure 3.
k3 = 1.0 (clause 5.3.3 of the code) which is for flat terrain.
[Topography factor] Table 1. Story Displacement of the structure without Shear
3.3.4 Load Combinations Wall

Load combinations are considered as per IS456:2000 Top story displacement

(mm)
a. 1.2(DL+LL+WX+) Without Shear Wall 131.493
b. 1.2(DL+LL-WX+) Shear Wall Position 1 21.211
c. 1.2(DL+LL+WY-)
Shear Wall Position 2 115.092
d. 1.2(DL+LL-WY-)
Shear Wall Position 3 58.265
Shear Wall Position 4 26.723
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Shear Wall Position 5 32.555

The analysis of the structure has been done initially without

From Table 2, storey displacement for the structure without
providing shear wall. Table 1 shows the storey displacement
shear wall is found to be 131.5mm. Lesser value of storey
for various load combinations considered above. Figure 2
displacement was observed at Shear wall Position 1.
shows the displacement of the structure according to the
considered load combination. As seen in the given graphs the
displacement of the structure for 1.2(DL+LL+WX+) and Table 2. Top story displacement for load combination (a)
1.2(DL+LL-WX+) are almost the same. Similarly, for wind in
negative Y-direction the displacement is almost same for both
1.2(DL+LL+WY-) and 1.2(DL+LL–WY-) [4].

The following tables show the top story displacement for

load combination cases (b), (c) and (d). Load combination (b)
corresponds to 1.2(DL+LL-WX+), load combination (c)
corresponds to 1.2(DL+LL+WY-) and load combination (d)
corresponds to 1.2(DL+LL-WY-).
Table 3 shows the storey displacement for load combination
case (b) without shear wall is 133.992mm. Lesser value of
Figure 2. Displacement of the structure without Shear Wall displacement is observed in Shear wall Position 1.

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 From Table 4, the storey displacement for load combination Similarly, Table 5 shows the displacement for load
case (c) was 216.018mm for structure without shear wall. The combination case (d) without shear wall is 212.447mm and the
lesser value of the displacement is obtained from shear wall lesser displacement is obtained for the shear wall position 1
position 1 i.e., 35.552mm [5]. i.e., 34.345mm.
The graphs of all the load combinations are shown in the
Table 3. Top story displacement for load combination (b) following figures. All the values of story displacement are
extracted from ETABS [6,7].
Top story displacement
(mm)
Without Shear Wall 133.992
Shear Wall Position 1 22.312
Shear Wall Position 2 116.21
Shear Wall Position 3 61.374
Shear Wall Position 4 27.463
Shear Wall Position 5 33.386

Table 4. Top Story displacement for load combination (c)

Top story displacement

(mm)
Without Shear Wall 216.018
Shear Wall Position 1 35.552 Figure 5. Displacement of the structure for load combination
Shear Wall Position 2 81.852 case (c)
Shear Wall Position 3 166.037
Shear Wall Position 4 61.553
Shear Wall Position 5 90.858

Figure 6. Displacement of the structure for load combination

case (d)

Figure 3. Displacement of the structure for load combination 5. CONCLUSION

case (a)
Based on the test results, the following conclusions can be
drawn.
• The effect of shear wall has been analyzed for the multi-
storeyed structure.
• Different positions of shear wall were considered in this
study and position 1(at corners) was found to give lesser
displacement.

REFERENCES

[1] Charney, F. A. (1990). Wind drift serviceability limit state

design of multistory buildings. Journal of Wind
Figure 4. Displacement of the structure for load combination Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 36, 203-212.
case (b)

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[2] Thoroddsen, S. T., Peterka, J. A., & Cermak, J. E. (1988).
Correlation of the components of wind-loading on tall
buildings. In Advances in Wind Engineering (pp. 351-
360). Elsevier.
[3] Chan, C. M., Huang, M. F., & Kwok, K. C. (2010).
Integrated wind load analysis and stiffness optimization
of tall buildings with 3D modes. Engineering
structures, 32(5), 1252-1261.
[4] Bureau of Indian Standards 875:2015.
[5] Bureau of Indian Standards 456:2000.
[6] Tilak, U. V., & Reddy, A. N. (2015). Effect of different
percentage replacement of weathered aggregate in place
of Normal Aggregate on young’s Modulus of concrete to
produce high strength and flexible/Ductile concrete for
use in Railway concrete sleepers. SSRG Int. J. Civ.
Eng, 2(11), 24-29.
[7] Reddy, A. N., & Tilak, U. V. (2015). Drying Shrinkage
and Durability Studies on Alkali Activated Slag Concrete
Using Different Activators. International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, 4(11).

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