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Prestressed Lecture 5 - Analysis of Stresses II

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21 views17 pages

Prestressed Lecture 5 - Analysis of Stresses II

Note

Uploaded by

lobzangmani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Design of Concrete Structure II

UNIT II – Prestressed Concrete


Lecture 5- Cracking Moment
Kern Points and Pressure Line
Notations
The analysis of flexural members under service
loads involves the calculation of the following
quantities.
a) Cracking moment.
b) Location of kern points.
c) Location of pressure line.
Cracking Moment

 The cracking moment (Mcr) is defined as the moment due to


external loads at which the first crack occurs in a prestressed
flexural member.

 Based on the allowable tensile stress the prestress members are


classified into three types as per IS:1343

 For Type 1 (full prestressing) and Type 2 (limited prestressing)


members, cracking is not allowed under service loads.

 It is imperative to check that the cracking moment is greater than


the moment due to service loads.

 This is satisfied when the stress at the edge due to service loads
is less than the modulus of rupture. (fcr. )
The stress at the edge can be calculated based on the
stress concept
Kern Points

 When the resultant compression (C) is located within a


specific zone of a section of a beam, tensile stresses are not
generated. This zone is called the kern zone of a section.

 For a section symmetric about a vertical axis, the kern zone


is within the levels of the upper and lower kern points.

 When the resultant compression (C) under service loads is


located at the upper kern point, the stress at the bottom
edge is zero.

 Similarly, when C at transfer of prestress is located at the


bottom kern point, the stress at the upper edge is zero. The
levels of the upper and lower kern points from CGC are
denoted as kt and kb, respectively.
The equation expresses the location of upper
kern point in terms of the section properties.
r is the radius of gyration and
yb is the distance of the bottom edge from
CGC.
Cracking Moment using Kern Points
The kern points can be used to determine the
cracking moment (Mcr).

The cracking moment is slightly greater than the


moment causing zero stress at the bottom.

C is located above kt to cause a tensile stress fcr at


the bottom.

The incremental moment is fcr I / yb.


The cracking moment can be expressed as the product of the compression and the lever
arm.
The lever arm is the sum of the eccentricity of the CGS (e) and the eccentricity of the
compression (ec). The later is the sum of kt and Δz, the shift of C outside the kern.
Pressure Line
• The pressure line in a beam is the locus of the
resultant compression (C) along the length.

• It is also called the thrust line or C-line.

• It is used to check whether C at transfer and under


service loads is falling within the kern zone of the
section.

• The eccentricity of the pressure line (ec) from CGC


should be less than kb or kt to ensure C in the kern
zone.
 The pressure line can be located from the lever arm
(z) and eccentricity of CGS (e)

 The lever arm is the distance by which C shifts away


from T due to the moment.

 Subtracting e from z provides the eccentricity of C


(ec) with respect to CGC.

 The variation of ec along length of the beam provides


the pressure line.
If ec is negative and the numerical value is
greater than kb (that is |ec| > kb), C lies below
the lower kern point and tension is generated
at the top of the member.

 If ec> kt, then C lies above the upper kern


point and tension is generated at the bottom
of the member.
Pressure Line at Transfer
The pressure line is calculated from the moment due to
the self weight.

Pressure Line under Service Loads


Limiting Zone
 For fully prestressed members (Type 1), tension is not
allowed under service conditions.

 If tension is also not allowed at transfer, C must always lie


within the kern zone. The limiting zone is defined as the
zone for placing the CGS of the tendons such that C always
lies within the kern zone.

 For limited prestressed members (Type 2 and Type 3),


tension is allowed at transfer and under service conditions.

 The limiting zone is defined as the zone for placing the CGS
such that the tensile stresses in the extreme edges are
within the allowable values.
Numerical Example
For the post-tensioned beam with a flanged section as shown,
the profile of the CGS is parabolic, with no eccentricity at the
ends. The live load moment due to service loads at mid-span
(MLL) is 648 kNm. The prestress after transfer (P0) is 1600 kN.
Assume 15% loss at service. Grade of concrete is M30.
Evaluate the following quantities.
a) Kern levels
b) Cracking moment
c) Location of pressure line at mid-span at
transfer and at service.
d) The stresses at the top and bottom fibres at
transfer and at service.

Compare the stresses with the following allowable


stresses at transfer and at service.

For compression, fcc,all = – 18.0 N/mm2


For tension, fct,all = 1.5 N/mm2.

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