CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK
Exam-style questions and sample answers have been written by the authors. In examinations, the way marks are awarded may be different.
Coursebook answers Chapter 16 Self-assessment questions 7 speed = v =ω r = 0.105 × 1.8 = 0.19 cm s-1 π 1 full circular face of clock = 360°; clock a ∆θ 2 face divided into twelve sections, so 8 a angular speed = = = 0.105 rad s −1 ∆t 15 angular displacement of hour hand per hour = 360°/12 = 30° b speed v = ωr = 0.105 × 50 = 5.2 m s−1 i angular displacement of minute hand = b v 7800 half the clock face = 180° 9 ω= = = 1.1× 10 −3 rad s −1 r 7000 ×103 ii angular displacement of hour hand = 10 a The gravitational pull of the Earth on the 3.5 × 30° = 105° Moon 2 a Angle of 30° = 30 × π /180 = 0.52 rad Angle of 90° = 90 × π /180 = 1.57 rad b he frictional force of the road on the T wheels Angle of 105° = 105 × π /180 = 1.83 rad c ension in the string supporting the T b Angle of 0.5 rad = 0.5 × 180 /π = 28.6° pendulum Angle of 0.75 rad = 0.75 × 180 /π = 43.0° 11 T here will be no frictional force between Angle of π rad = π × 180 /π = 180° the road and the wheels. If the driver turns Angle of 12 π rad = 12 π × 180/ π = 90° the steering wheel, the car will continue in a straight line. c angle of 30° = 30 × π/180 = π/6 rad 12 S peed and kinetic energy are scalar quantities, angle of 120° = 120 × π/180 = 2π/3 rad the others are vectors. Speed is constant; angle of 270° = 270 × π/180 = 3π/2 rad velocity has a constant magnitude but continuously changing direction (the direction angle of 720° = 720 × π/180 = 4π rad is tangential to the circle); kinetic energy 3 he magnitude of the velocity remains the T is constant; momentum has a constant same (the speed is constant). magnitude but continuously changing 4 a Speed is a scalar quantity and is constant, direction (the direction is tangential to the so change in speed = 0 m s−1 circle); the centripetal force has a constant magnitude but continuously changing b elocity changes to be in the opposite V direction (the direction is always towards direction, so change in velocity = 0.2 − the centre of the circle); the centripetal (−0.2) = 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.4 m s−1 acceleration behaves in the same way as the 5 econd hand turns through 360° in 1 minute, S centripetal force. or 2π rad in 1 minute, which is 2π/60 rad in v2 1 second; angular velocity ω = 2π/60 = 0.105 13 acceleration a = , rad s−1 r ω 2r2 6 number of revolutions per second = a v = ωr, therefore, v2 = ω2r2 , so a = = ω2r r 1200/60 = 20 rev s−1 b angular velocity = 20 × 2π = 40π rad s−1 = 130 rad s−1
14 d v 2 0.942 b acceleration a = = =1.76 ≈ 1.8 ms −1 2pr = 2 × π × 6400 000 = 4.02 × 107 m r 0.5 earrange speed v = s/t to give R tension in string, F = ma = 0.40 × 1.76 = c ×107 = 5.08 ×103 s = 1.4 h 0.71 N t = vs = 4.02 7920 18 a speed, aximum tension in the string = centripetal 15 m s 2 π × 2.3 ×1011 v= = = 2.4 × 10 4 ms −1 force + the weight of the stone, so the t 687 × 24 × 3600 maximum centripetal force = 8.0 − (0.2 × 9.8) b centripetal acceleration, = 6.04 N v 2 ( 2.4 × 10 4 )2 2 a= = = 2.6 × 10 −3 ms −2 Rearrange centripetal force F = mvr to r 2.3 × 1011 Fr 6.04 × 0.30 c gravitational force = ma = 6.4 × 1023 × 2.6 v= = = 3.0 ms −1 × 10−3 = 1.6 × 1021 N m 0.20 19 T he tension in the string must have a vertical centripetal force, F = ma = 350 × 103 × 8.8 16 a component to balance the weight of the bung. = 3.1 × 106 N mv 2 20 I n level flight, lift balances the weight. During b Rearrange centripetal force F = to banking, the vertical component of the lift is give r less than the weight, so the aeroplane loses Fr 3.1× 106 × 6740 × 103 height unless the speed can be increased to v= = = 7.7 × 103 m −1 provide more lift. m 350 × 103 s 21 T he normal contact force of the wall of the c Rearrange speed v = to give slide has a horizontal component, which t s 2 π × 6.74 × 106 provides the centripetal force. If you are t= = = 5.5 × 103 s = 1.5 h going fast, you need a bigger force, so the v 7.7 × 103 length of day 24 horizontal component must be greater. This = d number of orbits = = 16 happens as you move up the curved wall of orbital time 1.5 the slide. time taken for one revolution t = 10/3 = 17 a 3.33 s s 2 π × 0.50 v= = = 0.94 m s −1 t 3.33
