August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Power play: On hydropower projects and the environment

Hydropower projects must factor in the environmental costs too

While Wayanad in Kerala limps back to normal life after the devastating landslide last month, a
landslide on Tuesday (August 20, 2024) in Sikkim caused damage to six houses and a building of the
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) at its Teesta-5 hydropower station in Gangtok.
There is no comparison of the impact of the event in both places, as there was no loss of lives or
injuries reported in Sikkim. However, the cause for concern is that this is the second natural-disaster-
led assault on a hydropower project along the Teesta. A deluge from the South Lhonak glacier in
North Sikkim last October washed away the Chungthang dam that was critical to the Teesta-3 power
station (which is not operated by the NHPC). The Teesta-3 (1,200 MW) power project was the largest
hydroelectric power project in the State until it was effectively grounded after the outburst. Only a
tenth of the power originally being supplied by the project is now available. The Teesta-5 project, at
510 MW, has also been made non-functional since the glacial lake outburst.

The disaster shines a new light on an old, but never quiescent, conundrum posed by hydropower
projects. From initial proposals nearly three decades ago to have 47 power projects along the run of
the Teesta in Sikkim and West Bengal, only five projects exist and about 16 are in various stages of
consideration. A tributary of the Brahmaputra, the Teesta river originates from the Tso Lhamo Lake at
an elevation of about 5,280 metres in north Sikkim. The river travels for about 150 km in Sikkim and
123 km in West Bengal, before entering Bangladesh from Mekhligunj in Cooch Behar district; it flows
another 140 km in Bangladesh and joins the Bay of Bengal. In theory, the river’s course through
undulating terrain is what tempts governments to extract as much benefit as possible for power
projects. Through the decades, several companies have bid for projects auctioned out by State
governments but the process has rarely been without complications. It has been a complicated
exercise in balancing the environmental risks, costs of properly insuring for those risks, public
perception and aiming for profit. In the case of the Teesta-3 project, reports have emerged that the
developers, in order to save on costs, built a concrete-faced rock fill dam as opposed to a concrete
gravity dam — one reason why it was completely washed away. Environmental impact assessments
of hydropower projects in the region must give a clear estimate of the actual costs involved. This will
not only bolster public faith in these projects but also be environmentally sustainable. [Practice Exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 1
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Vocabulary
1. Power play (phrase) – tactics exhibiting or 12. Shine a new light (phrase) – Illuminate,
intended to increase a person's power or reveal, highlight, bring attention to, clarify
influence. ए

2. Factor in (phrasal verb) – Include, consider,

13. Quiescent (adjective) – Inactive, dormant,
account for, take into account, incorporate
still, quiet, at rest

14. Conundrum (noun) – Puzzle, problem,

3. Limp (verb) – proceed with difficulty.
dilemma, riddle, quandary

15. Pose (verb) – Present, create, constitute,

4. Devastating (adjective) – Destructive,
cause, bring about
catastrophic, disastrous, ruinous,
overwhelming 16. Decade (noun) – a period of ten years

5. Landslide (noun) – Earthfall, rockslide,

mudslide, avalanche, slope collapse 17. Exist (verb) – Be present, live, endure,
occur, survive

6. Assault (noun) – Attack, strike, onslaught, 18. Consideration (noun) – Thought,

offensive, aggression deliberation, reflection, review,
examination
7. Deluge (noun) – Flood, inundation,
overflow, torrent, surge 19. Tributary (noun) – Branch, stream, feeder
river, offshoot, secondary river
8. Wash away (phrasal verb) – Erase,
remove, sweep away, carry off, dissolve 20. Elevation (noun) – Height, altitude, rise,
ascent, level

9. Critical (to) (adjective) – Essential, crucial, 21. Undulating (adjective) – Wavy, rolling,
vital, necessary, key hilly, uneven, fluctuating

10. Ground (verb) – Halt, stop, immobilize, 22. Terrain (noun) – Landscape, ground,
disable, bring to a standstill topography, land, area

11. Outburst (noun) – a sudden occurrence of 23. Tempt (verb) – Entice, lure, attract,
a particular activity. provoke, seduce

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 2
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

24. Extract (verb) – Remove, draw out, obtain, 30. As opposed to (phrase) – Instead of, rather
derive, pull out than, in contrast to, unlike

25. Bid (verb) – Offer, propose, tender, 31. Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
compete, make an attempt (noun) – a tool used to assess the
significant effects of a project or
26. Auction out (phrasal verb) – Sell off, put up development proposal on the
for sale, offer for bidding, put on the environment.
market
32. Estimate (noun) – Approximation,
27. Complication (noun) – Difficulty, problem, calculation, assessment, evaluation, guess

issue, obstacle, hindrance

28. Complicated (adjective) – Complex, 33. Bolster (verb) – Support, strengthen,

intricate, difficult, convoluted, involved reinforce, boost, fortify

34. Sustainable (adjective) – Maintainable,

29. In order to (phrase) – To, for the purpose renewable, enduring, long-lasting,
of, so as to, with the intention of, in an environmentally friendly
effort to

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 3
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Summary of the Editorial

1. Recent Landslides: A landslide in Sikkim damaged six houses and a building at the NHPC's
Teesta-5 hydropower station, following a devastating landslide in Wayanad, Kerala.
2. Previous Disaster: In October 2023, a glacial deluge washed away the Chungthang dam, crucial
for the Teesta-3 power project, significantly reducing its output.
3. Teesta-5 Project: The Teesta-5 project, producing 510 MW, has been rendered non-functional
after the glacial lake outburst.
4. Hydropower Dilemma: Hydropower projects face challenges in balancing environmental risks
and development needs, a persistent issue.
5. Initial Proposals: Plans for 47 hydropower projects along the Teesta river in Sikkim and West
Bengal have only led to five operational projects, with 16 under consideration.
6. Teesta River’s Course: The Teesta river originates from Tso Lhamo Lake in Sikkim and flows
through West Bengal before entering Bangladesh, where it joins the Bay of Bengal.
7. Undulating Terrain: The river’s course through difficult terrain makes it attractive for
hydropower projects, but also increases environmental and geological risks.
8. Complicated Bidding Process: Several companies have bid for hydropower projects, but the
process has been fraught with complications, balancing environmental risks and profit.
9. Teesta-3 Dam Design: Reports suggest the Teesta-3 project developers built a concrete-faced
rock fill dam to save costs, which was a factor in its destruction.
10. Environmental Costs: Hydropower projects often downplay environmental costs in favor of
profit, which can lead to long-term damage and public distrust.
11. Public Perception: Proper environmental assessments and risk insurance can improve public
trust in hydropower projects.
12. Sustainability: Hydropower projects must incorporate environmentally sustainable practices to
ensure long-term viability.
13. Impact Assessments: Clear and accurate environmental impact assessments are crucial for
understanding the true costs of hydropower projects.
14. Government Role: Governments are tempted to maximize power extraction from rivers, but
must also consider the environmental consequences.
15. Future of Hydropower: Hydropower projects need to balance development and environmental
sustainability, factoring in climate change-related risks like glacial outbursts.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 4
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. In the passage, what is the primary concern regarding hydropower projects in Sikkim?
A. Lack of proper government regulations on hydropower projects [Editorial Page]
B. The impact of landslides on human settlements
C. Natural disasters repeatedly damaging hydropower infrastructure
D. The environmental effects of hydropower projects on local wildlife
2. Which of the following best describes the state of the Teesta-3 power project after the
glacial lake outburst?
A. It continues to generate power at its full capacity
B. It has been completely shut down and no longer operates
C. It is only able to generate a fraction of its original capacity
D. It has been repaired and is back to normal operations
3. What is the most likely reason for the increased vulnerability of hydropower projects like
Teesta-5 and Teesta-3 to natural disasters?
A. Poor engineering design of the hydropower stations
B. Proximity to environmentally sensitive areas
C. Lack of timely maintenance of the hydropower infrastructure
D. Insufficient funding for disaster preparedness
4. Which of the following is the best synonym for the word "quiescent" as used in the passage?
A. Dormant
B. Active
C. Turbulent
D. Vigorous
5. What can be inferred about the challenges of hydropower projects on the Teesta river from
the passage?
A. The projects have been widely accepted without any public concerns.
B. The environmental impact assessments are ignored by developers to save costs.
C. Hydropower projects on the Teesta face a complex balance between environmental risks
and profit.
D. The Teesta river is unsuitable for hydropower due to its calm and stable course.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Of all the stages through which a person ____1_____ to pass, death is the _____2____certain.
Everyone who is alive now will be dead sometime in the future. One day the eyes of those who
see will fade and their tongues _____3_____silence. Every human being will one day be
leaving this world, never to return, and entering a world which he will never leave. No one can
be sure when death will come; it might strike at any instant. The gravity of the situation lies in
death not being the end of life, but rather the beginning of a new, eternal life, a world of
____4_____ reward or retribution.
6. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 5
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

A. will has been

B. will have been
C. have
D. will have
7. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. Most
B. More
C. Very
D. Far
8. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. freeze for
B. freeze to
C. freeze into
D. freeze by
9. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4
A. Retreating
B. Everlasting
C. Setting
D. Challenging
10. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined word in the given
sentence.
Last week's rain ravaged the whole city.
A. reaffirmed
B. rescinded
C. ruined
D. retracted
11. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
National development is defined as an improvement in people's daily arrangements, the
provision of fundamental necessities to citizens such as food, education, social services,
medical help, and so on, as well as an increase in per capita income.
A. diving techniques
B. dining categories
C. existing calamities
D. living conditions
12. Select the word with the correct spelling from the options given below to fill in the blank.
They saw the beautiful ________ of the Gods in the Temples.
A. Idols
B. ldoles
C. Ideals
D. Idles

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 6
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

13. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined words in the given
sentence.
The traffic sergeant proved through the test that Raj was under the influence of drugs. and
alcohol.
A. inebriated
B. simonised
C. ponied
D. Pocked
14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
He does not buy shirts.
A. Shirts are not bought by him.
B. Shirts are not brought by him.
C. Shirts were not been bought by him.
D. Shirts were not bought by him.
15. Identify the sentence that correctly uses the indefinite article.
A. She purchased a apple in the market with me.
B. She purchased an apple in the market with me.
C. She purchased apple in the market with me.
D. She purchase a apple in the market with me.
16. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
She is building a new house.
A. A new house is being built by her.
B. She had built a new house.
C. She has built a new house.
D. A new house has been built by her.
17. Select the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.
The company was engaged in spurious trade practices.
A. Effective
B. Fraudulent
C. Spacious
D. Trendy
18. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Intriguing
A. Glorifying
B. Ravishing
C. Stunning
D. Interesting
19. The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them may contain an error.
Select the part that contains the error from the given options. If you don't find any error,
mark 'No error' as your answer.
Sajni had / interfere in / this matter.
A. interfere in

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 7
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

B. No error
C. this matter
D. Sajni had
20. Sentences of a paragraph are given below. While the first and the last sentences (S1and S6)
are in the correct order, the sentences in between are jumbled up and named P, Q, R, 5.
Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
(S1) Today, the world has become a much smaller place, thanks to the adventures and miracles
of science.
(P) We are slowly realising that the world is a single cooperative group.
(Q) Other religions have become forces with which we have to reckon, and we are seeking for
ways and means by which we can live together in peace and harmony.
(R) Mingling of population is bringing about interchange of thought.
(S) Foreign nations have become our next-door neighbours.
(S6) We cannot have religious unity and peace so long as we assert that we are in possession
of the light and all others are groping in the darkness.
A. S, R, P, Q
B. P,Q, R, S
C. S, R,Q, P
D. Q, R, S, P
21. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
Bad iron
A. No steam
B. Not hot
C. Bad luck
D. Bad behavior
22. Select the sentences that contains no spelling errors.
A. The mall road of our city is always teyming with street vendors.
B. The mall road of our city is always tiiming with street vendors.
C. The mall road of our city is always tyming with street vendors.
D. The mall road of our city is always teeming with street vendors.
23. Select the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word in the following sentence.
I always enjoy the company of respectful teachers.
A. admiring
B. derogatory
C. dutiful
D. Insolent
24. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
A sentimental memory of the past
A. Hysteria
B. Nostalgia
C. Mania
D. Euphoria

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 8
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

25. Select the most appropriate idiom or phrase to fill in the blank in the given sentence.
Sweety has been _____________ since her painting won first prize.
A. walking on eggshells
B. waiting in the wings
C. walking into the lion's den
D. walking on air

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 9
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Answers
1. C 2. C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A
13. A 14. A 15. B 16.A 17. B 18.D 19.A 20. A 21.C 22. D 23. C 24. B
25. D [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. C) Natural disasters repeatedly damaging hydropower infrastructure
C is correct because the passage highlights that natural disasters, such as landslides and glacial
lake outbursts, have caused significant damage to hydropower projects like Teesta-3 and
Teesta-5 in Sikkim. This repeated damage is a major concern for the sustainability of such
projects.
A is incorrect because the passage does not emphasize the lack of government regulations as
the primary concern. The focus is on the damage caused by natural disasters.
B is incorrect because while landslides affect human settlements, the passage emphasizes the
impact on hydropower infrastructure rather than on settlements.
D is incorrect because the passage does not discuss the effects of hydropower projects on
wildlife; instead, it focuses on the destruction of the infrastructure due to natural disasters.
2. C) It is only able to generate a fraction of its original capacity
C is correct because the passage states that only a tenth of the power originally being supplied
by the Teesta-3 project is now available after the glacial lake outburst, indicating that it is
operating at a significantly reduced capacity.
A is incorrect because the Teesta-3 project is not generating power at its full capacity; it is
significantly reduced.
B is incorrect because the passage does not state that the project has been completely shut
down. It mentions that only a fraction of its capacity is available.
D is incorrect because the project has not been fully repaired and restored to normal
operations, as indicated by the passage.
3. B) Proximity to environmentally sensitive areas
B is correct because the passage discusses the occurrence of natural disasters, such as
landslides and glacial lake outbursts, which are more likely to happen in environmentally
sensitive areas like those near glaciers. The proximity of the hydropower projects to these
areas increases their vulnerability.
A is incorrect because the passage does not attribute the damage to poor engineering design.
The natural disasters themselves are highlighted as the cause of the damage.
C is incorrect because the passage does not mention a lack of maintenance as a factor in the
vulnerability of the hydropower projects.
D is incorrect because there is no mention in the passage of insufficient funding for disaster
preparedness as a reason for the damage to the hydropower projects.
4. A) Dormant
A. "Quiescent" means inactive or in a state of dormancy. The correct synonym in this context is
"dormant," which signifies being in a state of rest or inactivity, just as the hydropower
conundrum mentioned in the passage remains unresolved but not forgotten.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 10
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

B: "Active" is the opposite of "quiescent." It refers to something that is functioning or moving,

which contradicts the meaning of the word in this context.
C: "Turbulent" means chaotic or in a state of unrest, which is far from the meaning of
"quiescent."
D: "Vigorous" implies strong, energetic activity, which contrasts with the idea of something
being quiet or dormant.
5. C) Hydropower projects on the Teesta face a complex balance between environmental risks
and profit.
C. The passage emphasizes that the development of hydropower projects on the Teesta has
been a complicated process due to the need to balance environmental risks, the costs of
mitigating those risks, public perception, and profit. This highlights the challenges developers
face, making this inference correct.
A. The passage mentions complications in the development of these projects, including public
perception, which indicates that the projects have not been universally accepted.
B. While cost-cutting is mentioned in the context of the Teesta-3 project, the passage does not
suggest that all environmental impact assessments are ignored. Instead, it emphasizes the
importance of proper assessments.
D. The passage indicates that the river's undulating terrain is what tempts governments to
develop hydropower projects, making it unsuitable for hydropower due to calmness an
incorrect inference.
6. D) 'will have' का use होगा क्मोंकक "will have" future perfect tense के लरए होता है जफ हभ
future भें ककसी सभम ऩय ऩहरे ही सभाप्त हो चक
ु े कामय की फात कयते हैं। sentence भें कहा
गमा है कक भत्ृ मु से ऩहरे व्मक्क्त को कई चयणों से गुजयना होता है , जो कक बविष्म भें ऩूया हो
चक
ु ा होगा, इसलरए 'will have' महाॉ सही है । जफकक 'will has been' grammatically incorrect है ,
क्मोंकक 'has' के साथ 'will' का use नहीॊ होता, 'have' महाॉ inadequate है क्मोंकक मह सॊदबय भें
बविष्म के ऩूणय कार को नहीॊ दर्ायता, औय 'will have been' बी incorrect है क्मोंकक इसका प्रमोग
बविष्म के अतीत भें होता है जो कक महाॉ irrelevant है ।
'will have' will be used because it indicates the future perfect tense, used when referring to
actions that will have been completed by a certain future point. The sentence discusses stages
a person will have passed through before death, thus necessitating the future perfect tense,
making 'will have' the appropriate choice here. 'will has been' is grammatically incorrect as
'will' never accompanies 'has', 'have' is inadequate as it does not express the future perfect
tense in this context, and 'will have been' is also incorrect as it's used for the past in the future,
which is irrelevant here.
7. A) 'Most' का use होगा क्मोंकक महाॉ फात की जा यही है की भत्ृ मु ककतनी सुननक्चचत है , औय
'most' एक superlative degree है जो दर्ायता है कक भत्ृ मु सफसे अधधक सुननक्चचत है । Sentence
भें mention ककमा गमा है कक भत्ृ मु एक ऐसा स्तय है क्जसे ऩाय कयना हय ककसी के लरए

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 11
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

अिचमम्बािी है , इसलरए 'most' महाॉ सही है । जफकक 'More' औय 'Very' comparative औय

intensifier र्ब्द हैं , जो महाॉ कपट नहीॊ फैठते, औय 'Far' का उऩमोग सनु नक्चचतता के context भें
नहीॊ होता।
'Most' will be used because it expresses the superlative degree, indicating that death is the
most certain among all stages one must pass through. The sentence emphasizes that death is
an inevitable stage for everyone, making 'most' appropriate here. On the other hand, 'More'
and 'Very' are comparative and intensifiers, respectively, which don't fit here, and 'Far' is not
used in the context of certainty.
8. C) 'Freeze into' का उऩमोग ककमा जाएगा क्मोंकक महाॉ "freeze into" का अथय होता है ककसी
अिस्था मा चीज भें फदर जाना मा क्स्थय हो जाना। Passage भें mention है कक रोगों की आॉखें
भॊद ऩड़ जाएॊगी औय उनकी जफ
ु ान 'silence' भें फदर जाएगी, इसलरए 'freeze into' महाॉ सही है ।
जफकक 'Freeze for' का अथय होता है कुछ सभम के लरए रुक जाना, 'Freeze to' का अथय है ककसी
चीज़ से धचऩक जाना, औय 'Freeze by' का अथय है ककसी चीज़ के ऩास मा आसऩास जभ जाना,
जो इस context भें सही नहीॊ हैं।
'Freeze into' will be used because it means to become or be made into a certain state or thing,
or to become fixed. The passage mentions that people's eyes will dim and their tongues will
turn into 'silence,' making 'freeze into' appropriate here. Whereas, 'Freeze for' implies
stopping for a period of time, 'Freeze to' means to adhere or become attached to something,
and 'Freeze by' means to become solid near or around something, which don't fit in this
context.
9. B) Everlasting' का use होगा क्मोंकक "everlasting" का अथय होता है हभेर्ा फना यहने िारा मा
अनॊत। paragraph भें mention है कक भत्ृ मु के फाद एक नमा, र्ाचित जीिन र्ुरू होता है , क्जसभें
इनाभ मा सज़ा दी जाती है , इसलरए 'everlasting' महाॉ सही है । everlasting' एक adjective है जो
'world' noun को modify कयता है महाॉ 'world of everlasting reward or retribution' का भतरफ
है एक ऐसी दनु नमा जो हभेर्ा यहने िारी है , जहाॉ इनाभ मा सज़ा लभरती यहे गी। जफकक
'Retreating' का अथय है ऩीछे हटना, 'Setting' का अथय है स्थावऩत कयना, औय 'Challenging' का
अथय है चन
ु ौतीऩूणय होना, जो इस context भें सही नहीॊ है ।
Everlasting' will be used because it means lasting forever or eternal. The paragraph describes
that after death begins a new, eternal life where reward or punishment is given, making
'everlasting' appropriate here. 'everlasting' is an adjective modifying the noun 'world'. Here,
'world of everlasting reward or retribution' means a world that is eternal, where rewards or
punishments continue indefinitely. Whereas, 'Retreating' implies moving back, 'Setting' means
establishing, and 'Challenging' implies being difficult, which do not fit in this context.
10. C) 'ruined' का प्रमोग 'ravaged' के फदरे होगा, क्मोंकक दोनों र्ब्दों का अथय नगय मा ककसी चीज
को फफायद कय दे ना है ; जैसे— Last week's rain ruined the whole city.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 12
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

 'ruined' will be used instead of 'ravaged' because both words mean to destroy or spoil
something, like a city or object; Like— Last week's rain ruined the whole city.
11. D)'daily arrangements' के फदरे 'living conditions' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक मह याष्रीम विकास
के सॊदबय भें रोगों की ददनचमाय औय जीिन र्ैरी को व्माप्त कयता है ; जैसे— खयु ाक, लर्ऺा,
साभाक्जक सेिाएॊ, धचककत्सा सहामता, आदद।
 'living conditions' will be used instead of 'daily arrangements' because it encompasses
people's daily routines and lifestyles in the context of national development; such as
food, education, social services, medical assistance, etc.
12. A) 'Idols' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक ऩूये सॊदबय भें , sentence भॊददयों भें दे िताओॊ की सुॊदय भूनतयमों की
चचाय कय यहा है । महाॉ "beautiful ________ of the Gods in the Temples" के भाध्मभ से िे
भूनतयमों को दर्ायमा जा यहा है , क्जन्हें रोग ऩूजते हैं। इसलरए, "Idols" सफसे उऩमुक्त विकल्ऩ
होगा।
 ‘Idols' should be used because in the entire context, the sentence is discussing the
beautiful statues of the Gods in the Temples. Here, through "beautiful ________ of the
Gods in the Temples", it portrays those sculptures that people worship. Thus, "Idols"
would be the most appropriate choice.
13. A) 'under the influence of drugs and alcohol' के फदरे 'inebriated' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक
'inebriated' का अथय है नर्े भें धत
ु होना क्जससे मह स्ऩष्ट होता है कक व्मक्क्त ड्रग्स मा
अल्कोहर के प्रबाि भें है ।
 'inebriated' will be used instead of 'under the influence of drugs and alcohol' because
the word 'inebriated' means being intoxicated, clearly implying that the person is under
the influence of drugs or alcohol.
14. A) Shirts are not bought by him.
15. B) 'an' will be used instead of 'a' when the following word begins with a vowel sound, as in
'apple'; Like— She purchased an apple in the market with me.
16. A) A new house is being built by her.
17. B) Spurious (adjective) – False, fake, counterfeit, deceptive, not genuine. जारी
Synonym: Fraudulent (adjective) – Deceptive, dishonest, cheating, untrustworthy. धोखाधड़ी
 Effective (adjective) – Successful, productive, efficient, operative. कायगय
 Spacious (adjective) – Large, roomy, capacious, extensive. विर्ार
 Trendy (adjective) – Fashionable, stylish, chic, modish. पैर्नेफर
18. D) Intriguing (adjective) – Causing curiosity or interest, fascinating, engaging, captivating. योचक
Synonym: Interesting (adjective) – Engaging or exciting, holding one's attention, appealing,
absorbing. ददरचस्ऩ

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 13
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

 Glorifying (adjective) – Praising, exalting, extolling, lauding, magnifying. भदहभा गाने

िारा
 Ravishing (adjective) – Extremely beautiful or attractive, entrancing, enchanting,
fetching. भोहक
 Stunning (adjective) – Strikingly beautiful or attractive, remarkable, impressive,
breathtaking. र्ोबामभानी
19. A) 'interfere' के फदरे 'interfered' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक 'had' के साथ Past Perfect Tense भें
Verb की Third Form (Past Participle) का प्रमोग होता है ; जैस—
े Sajni had interfered in this
matter.
 'interfered' will be used instead of 'interfere' because with 'had,' the verb should be in
the third form (Past Participle) for Past Perfect Tense; Like— Sajni had interfered in this
matter
20. A) S, R, P, Q
Today, the world has become a much smaller place, thanks to the adventures and miracles of
science. Foreign nations have become our next-door neighbours. Mingling of population is
bringing about interchange of thought. We are slowly realising that the world is a single
cooperative group. Other religions have become forces with which we have to reckon, and we
are seeking for ways and means by which we can live together in peace and harmony. We
cannot have religious unity and peace so long as we assert that we are in possession of the
light and all others are groping in the darkness.
21. C) Bad iron (idiom) – Bad luck दब
ु ायग्म
22. D) Sentence भें 'teeming' र्ब्द का सही ितयनी है क्मोंकक इसका अथय है ककसी चीज से बया
होना, जैसे िाक्म भें सड़क विक्रेताओॊ से बयी हुई है । इसलरए, सही विकल्ऩ D है ।
 'teeming' is the correct spelling as it means to be filled with something, like in the
sentence where the road is filled with street vendors. Therefore, the correct option is
D.
23. C) Respectful (adjective) – Showing deference and respect, polite, courteous, considerate.
सम्भानऩूिक
य
Synonym: Dutiful (adjective) – Conscientious, responsible, obedient, respectful. कतयव्मननष्ठ
 Admiring (adjective) – Showing or feeling respect and approval, appreciative,
favorable. प्रर्ॊसाऩूिक
य
 Derogatory (adjective) – Showing a critical or disrespectful attitude, disparaging,
belittling. अऩभानजनक
 Insolent (adjective) – Showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect, impertinent,
impudent. धष्ृ ट

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 14
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

24. B) Nostalgia (noun) – A sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a
period or place with happy personal associations. बूतकार की ककसी अिधध की माद
 Hysteria (noun) – Exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, especially
among a group of people. उन्भाद
 Mania (noun) – An excessive enthusiasm or desire; an obsession. जुनून
 Euphoria (noun) – A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness. उभॊग उत्साह
25. D) walking on air' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक सॊदबय मह है कक Sweety ने अऩनी ऩें दटॊग से ऩहरा
ऩुयस्काय जीता है । इस जीत के कायण िह फहुत खर्
ु हो सकती है , औय महाॉ "walking on air"
का तात्ऩमय फहुत खर्
ु औय उत्तेक्जत होने से है । फाकी के विकल्ऩ सॊदबय से भेर नहीॊ खाते हैं ,
इसलरए "walking on air" सफसे उऩमुक्त options होगा।
 'Walking on air' should be used because the context is that Sweety has won the first
prize for her painting. This victory could make her extremely happy, and here, "walking
on air" conveys being very happy and elated. The other options do not fit the context, so
"walking on air" would be the most appropriate choice.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 15
 August 23, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 16