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    PHIL 1402-01 - Unit 4 - Written Assignment

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    PHIL 1402-01 - Unit 4 - Written Assignment

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    PHIL 1402-01_Unit 4_Written Assignment

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    SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 1

    Written Assignment Unit 4: Social and Political Philosophy

    University of the People

    PHIL 1402 Introduction to Philosophy

    Nathan Whelan-Jackson, Instructor

    July 17, 2024


    SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 2

    Written Assignment Unit 4

    This paper explores my worldview on family, society, and political philosophy through the

    lens of Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Thomas Aquinas. I will articulate how these thinkers influence

    my understanding of the social and political structures that shape our lives by examining their

    philosophies.

    I will compare and contrast their views with my own, highlighting points of agreement and

    disagreement, and discuss how these ideas manifest in the society around me.

    Plato’s Philosophy in The Republic

    Plato’s Republic presents a vision of an ideal state based on justice and the division of

    labor. Plato argues that a just society is one in which everyone performs the role they are best

    suited for, and rulers, or "philosopher-kings," govern with wisdom and reason (Coumoundouros,

    n.d.). He emphasizes the importance of education and the need for rulers to be philosopher-kings

    who possess both wisdom and virtue (Coumoundouros, n.d.).

    In my society, I see aspects of Plato’s philosophy in the emphasis on specialized education

    and the division of labor. For example, the professional and technical training that individuals

    undergo to become doctors, engineers, or teachers echoes Plato’s idea that people should fulfill

    roles that align with their abilities (Sus, 2024).

    However, the notion of philosopher-kings is less apparent, as democratic values prioritize

    elected leadership over “rule by the wise”. The practical application of this in a democratic society

    remains a challenge while the ideal of leaders possessing wisdom and virtue is appealing,
    SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 3

    Aristotle’s Philosophy on the State

    Aristotle, a student of Plato, presents a more pragmatic view of politics in his work Politics.

    He disagrees with Plato’s idea of a single ideal state, arguing instead that the best political system

    depends on the specific circumstances of each society (Clayton, n.d.). Aristotle emphasizes the

    importance of the middle class in achieving a stable and just society and advocates for a mixed

    government combining elements of democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy (Aristotle’s Political

    Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2022 Edition), 2022).

    I find Aristotle’s political philosophy more reflective of my town and family structure. The

    emphasis on the middle class and balanced governance aligns with the democratic values and

    mixed government structures in modern societies. Aristotle’s belief in the importance of

    cultivating virtuous citizens through education and participation in civic life resonates with my

    view that a healthy society depends on active and informed citizens.

    Saint Thomas Aquinas’ View of Society

    Saint Thomas Aquinas integrates Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, arguing

    that a good society aligns with divine law (Koritansky, 2022). In his work Summa Theologica,

    Aquinas asserts that human laws should reflect natural laws derived from God’s eternal law

    (Koritansky, 2022).

    He emphasizes the role of the family as the fundamental unit of society and advocates for

    the common good, where individuals and the state work together to achieve a virtuous life.

    Aquinas’ philosophy influences my understanding of the moral foundations of society. The

    idea that laws should reflect moral truths and promote the common good is compelling. In my
    SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 4

    family and community, I see this philosophy in the emphasis on moral education, community

    service, and the support for social institutions that promote the well-being of all members.

    However, the integration of religious doctrine into public policy is a contentious issue, and

    I believe that a pluralistic society should respect diverse beliefs while upholding universal moral

    principles.

    Comparative Analysis and Personal Philosophy

    I find elements of truth in each but align most closely with Aristotle’s pragmatic approach.

    Plato’s vision of an ideal state is inspiring but seems impractical in its rigidity and reliance on

    philosopher-kings. Aristotle’s emphasis on the middle class, mixed government, and the

    cultivation of virtue offers a balanced and adaptable framework for political life. Aquinas’

    integration of moral philosophy and theology provides a strong ethical foundation but must be

    adapted to respect religious diversity.

    My philosophy emphasizes the importance of a balanced and just society where individuals

    are encouraged to develop their potential and contribute to the common good. Like Aristotle, I

    believe in the importance of a strong middle class and mixed government. From Aquinas, I draw

    the conviction that laws should promote moral values and the common good, though I advocate

    for a secular approach that respects religious diversity. Plato’s emphasis on education and the

    pursuit of wisdom remains relevant, though I believe leadership should be accountable to the

    people.

    In conclusion, the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Thomas Aquinas provide

    valuable insights into the nature of family, society, and political life. I have clarified my views on

    these topics by examining their ideas.


    SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 5

    While I draw on elements from each philosopher, I find Aristotle’s pragmatic and balanced

    approach most reflective of my beliefs. As we continue to navigate the complexities of modern

    society, these philosophical perspectives offer timeless guidance on achieving justice, virtue, and

    the common good.


    SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 6

    References

    Aristotle’s Political Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2022 Edition). (2022,

    July 1). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2022/entries/aristotle-politics/

    Clayton, E. (n.d.). Aristotle: Politics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved on 17 July

    2024 from https://iep.utm.edu/aristotle-politics/

    Coumoundouros, A. (n.d.). Plato: The Republic. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved

    on 17 July 2024 from https://iep.utm.edu/republic/

    Koritansky, P. (n.d.) Thomas Aquinas: Political Philosophy. Internet Encyclopedia of

    Philosophy. Retrieved on 17 July 2024 from https://iep.utm.edu/thomas-aquinas-political-

    philosophy/

    Sus, V. (2024, January 14). Plato: A Complete Overview of His Life, Work, and Philosophy. The

    Collector. Retrieved on 17 July 2024 from https://www.thecollector.com/plato-complete-

    overview-life-work-philosophy/

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