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Written Assignment Unit 4: Social and Political Philosophy
University of the People
PHIL 1402 Introduction to Philosophy
Nathan Whelan-Jackson, Instructor
July 17, 2024
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Written Assignment Unit 4
This paper explores my worldview on family, society, and political philosophy through the
lens of Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Thomas Aquinas. I will articulate how these thinkers influence
my understanding of the social and political structures that shape our lives by examining their
philosophies.
I will compare and contrast their views with my own, highlighting points of agreement and
disagreement, and discuss how these ideas manifest in the society around me.
Plato’s Philosophy in The Republic
Plato’s Republic presents a vision of an ideal state based on justice and the division of
labor. Plato argues that a just society is one in which everyone performs the role they are best
suited for, and rulers, or "philosopher-kings," govern with wisdom and reason (Coumoundouros,
n.d.). He emphasizes the importance of education and the need for rulers to be philosopher-kings
who possess both wisdom and virtue (Coumoundouros, n.d.).
In my society, I see aspects of Plato’s philosophy in the emphasis on specialized education
and the division of labor. For example, the professional and technical training that individuals
undergo to become doctors, engineers, or teachers echoes Plato’s idea that people should fulfill
roles that align with their abilities (Sus, 2024).
However, the notion of philosopher-kings is less apparent, as democratic values prioritize
elected leadership over “rule by the wise”. The practical application of this in a democratic society
remains a challenge while the ideal of leaders possessing wisdom and virtue is appealing,
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Aristotle’s Philosophy on the State
Aristotle, a student of Plato, presents a more pragmatic view of politics in his work Politics.
He disagrees with Plato’s idea of a single ideal state, arguing instead that the best political system
depends on the specific circumstances of each society (Clayton, n.d.). Aristotle emphasizes the
importance of the middle class in achieving a stable and just society and advocates for a mixed
government combining elements of democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy (Aristotle’s Political
Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2022 Edition), 2022).
I find Aristotle’s political philosophy more reflective of my town and family structure. The
emphasis on the middle class and balanced governance aligns with the democratic values and
mixed government structures in modern societies. Aristotle’s belief in the importance of
cultivating virtuous citizens through education and participation in civic life resonates with my
view that a healthy society depends on active and informed citizens.
Saint Thomas Aquinas’ View of Society
Saint Thomas Aquinas integrates Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, arguing
that a good society aligns with divine law (Koritansky, 2022). In his work Summa Theologica,
Aquinas asserts that human laws should reflect natural laws derived from God’s eternal law
(Koritansky, 2022).
He emphasizes the role of the family as the fundamental unit of society and advocates for
the common good, where individuals and the state work together to achieve a virtuous life.
Aquinas’ philosophy influences my understanding of the moral foundations of society. The
idea that laws should reflect moral truths and promote the common good is compelling. In my
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family and community, I see this philosophy in the emphasis on moral education, community
service, and the support for social institutions that promote the well-being of all members.
However, the integration of religious doctrine into public policy is a contentious issue, and
I believe that a pluralistic society should respect diverse beliefs while upholding universal moral
principles.
Comparative Analysis and Personal Philosophy
I find elements of truth in each but align most closely with Aristotle’s pragmatic approach.
Plato’s vision of an ideal state is inspiring but seems impractical in its rigidity and reliance on
philosopher-kings. Aristotle’s emphasis on the middle class, mixed government, and the
cultivation of virtue offers a balanced and adaptable framework for political life. Aquinas’
integration of moral philosophy and theology provides a strong ethical foundation but must be
adapted to respect religious diversity.
My philosophy emphasizes the importance of a balanced and just society where individuals
are encouraged to develop their potential and contribute to the common good. Like Aristotle, I
believe in the importance of a strong middle class and mixed government. From Aquinas, I draw
the conviction that laws should promote moral values and the common good, though I advocate
for a secular approach that respects religious diversity. Plato’s emphasis on education and the
pursuit of wisdom remains relevant, though I believe leadership should be accountable to the
people.
In conclusion, the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Thomas Aquinas provide
valuable insights into the nature of family, society, and political life. I have clarified my views on
these topics by examining their ideas.
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While I draw on elements from each philosopher, I find Aristotle’s pragmatic and balanced
approach most reflective of my beliefs. As we continue to navigate the complexities of modern
society, these philosophical perspectives offer timeless guidance on achieving justice, virtue, and
the common good.
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References
Aristotle’s Political Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2022 Edition). (2022,
July 1). [Link]
Clayton, E. (n.d.). Aristotle: Politics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved on 17 July
2024 from [Link]
Coumoundouros, A. (n.d.). Plato: The Republic. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved
on 17 July 2024 from [Link]
Koritansky, P. (n.d.) Thomas Aquinas: Political Philosophy. Internet Encyclopedia of
Philosophy. Retrieved on 17 July 2024 from [Link]
philosophy/
Sus, V. (2024, January 14). Plato: A Complete Overview of His Life, Work, and Philosophy. The
Collector. Retrieved on 17 July 2024 from [Link]
overview-life-work-philosophy/
