AN

INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
CLOCK REPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT
BY
KAMAL ACHARYA
(Tribhuvan University)

Date: 2021/05/ 18

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 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

3. DESIGN

4. IMPLEMENTATION

5. TESTING

6. USER MANUAL

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 Features implemented:

Multiple light sources

CG specific Algorithms Hierarchical Menus

More than 100 Idle callback Mouse callback

primitives

Textures Curves Keyboard callback

√ Geometric Menus(1 tier) Picking

transformation

Camera movement 3-D views Multiple screens/displays

√ OpenGL functions Graphic concept beyond the

beyond the VTU VTU syllabus* Some form of Intelligence*
syllabus*

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 INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW :

The aim of this project is to implement an application package of Computer

graphics using OpenGL. Here we represent the concepts displaying Analog clock in
OpenGL.

ABOUT GRAPHICS OpenGL:

Activities as wide – ranging as filmmaking, publishing, banking and education

continue to undergo revolutionary changes as these technologies alter the ways in
which we conduct our daily activities. The combination of computers, network and
the complex human visual system, through computer graphics, has led to new ways of
displaying information seeing virtual worlds and communicating with people and
machines.

A class in computer graphics allows the instructor to build all these topics in a
way that can be both informative and fun. Low level algorithms such as those that
draw lines or fill polygons are used in OpenGL.

The development of OpenGL resolved both of the difficulties that was

experienced with other APIs and with the alternative of using home – brewed s/w .
OpenGL today is supported in all platforms.

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 A clock or watch is called "analog" when it has moving hands and hours marked
from 1 to 12 to show you the time.

Analog clocks usually indicate time using angles. The most common clock face
uses a fixed numbered dial or dials and moving hand or hands. It usually has a circular
scale of 12 hours, which can also serve as a scale of 60 minutes, and 60 seconds if the
clock has a second hand. Many other styles and designs have been used throughout the
years, including dials divided into 6, 8, 10, and 24 hours.

The only other widely used clock face today is the 24 hour analog dial , because of
the use of 24 hour time in military organizations and timetables.

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 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

PROJECT REQUIREMENT:

 The background color of the clock is black.

 Each solid cube is representing seconds.

 It contains 3 needles one for hour, one for minute, and one for seconds.

 Large needle represents minute, small needle represent hour and thin needle represents
seconds.

 There is a proper delay between needle moments and timings.

 Needle moves from 1 to 12 in clockwise direction.

 It also displays digital clock with date.

The package which we have designed is a one which requires many graphics packages.
Most of the functions which are needed to design the package are found in Turbo C compiler
with a graphics package .The package requires simple in-built functions found in <GL/glut.h>
library. This header file, in addition to the usual header files is needed for the working of the
project. For running the program, any basic PC running compatible version of Microsoft Visual
Studio is sufficient.
This program should use memory as less as possible, dynamic memory allocation is
preferable to accomplish this task. There is no error message produced in this program.
Requirement analysis phase deals with user requirements, which is to fulfill the user’s
requirement that is known during the problem definition phase. To carry out a requirement
analysis, analysts must develop an understanding of the problem domain. The choice of
appropriate software for the smooth implementation of the project is accomplished by this.

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 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:
The project requires access to the OpenGL graphics library functions . Some
of these library functions are contained in unique to C++ library header files such as
1) GL/glut.h
2) math.h
3) windows.h
4) time.h
To write, compile and link the program , a suitable C integrated development
environment is required . Microsoft Visual Studio/Code Blocks may be suitable in
this regard.
Software requirement are:
1. Window Operating System
2. Microsoft Visual Studio
3. Code Blocks

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

The minimum/recommended hardware configuration required for developing the

proposed software is given below:
 PENTIUM-2 and above compatible systems.
 128 MB RAM.
 Approximately 1 MB free space in the hard disk.
 Hard disk access time must be less than 19 milliseconds.

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 DESIGN

Name of the function:

print_screen

Input parameters:

void print_screen( TYPE xcoord, TYPE ycoord, char *string)

Other functions used:

None

Function description:

This function displays digital clock along with the date.

It includes 2 OpenGL functions glRasterPos3i and glutBitmapCharacter, which renders
the character with ASCII code character at the current raster position using the raster font given
by font.
The raster position is incremented by the width of the character.

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 Name of the function:

Draw_clock

Input parameters:

void Draw_clock ( TYPE cx, TYPE cy,TYPE cz)

Other functions used:

None

Function description:

This function draws a analog clock.

 Displays clock face by using the OpenGL function gluDisk.

 Displays large wire cube using the OpenGL function gluWireCube.
 Displays hour hand,second hand and minute hand using the OpenGL
function gluCylinder.
 Displays solid cube using the OpenGL function gluSolidCube which
represents seconds.

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 Name of the function:

TimeEvent

Input parameter:

void TimeEvent(TYPE variable)

Function description:

This function includes glutTimerFunc it takes 3 Parameters.

 msecs- Number of milliseconds to pass before calling the callback.
 Func- The timer callback function.
 value- Integer value to pass to the timer callback.

glutTimerFunc registers the timer callback func to be triggered in at least msecs

milliseconds. The value parameter to the timer callback will be the value of the value
parameter to glutTimerFunc. Multiple timer callbacks at same or differing times may be
registered simultaneously.
The number of milliseconds is a lower bound on the time before the
callback is generated. GLUT attempts to deliver the timer callback as soon as possible
after the expiration of the callback's time interval.
There is no support for canceling a registered callback. Instead, ignore a
callback
based on its value parameter when it is triggered.

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 IMPLEMENTATION

#include<windows.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>

void Draw_clock( GLfloat cx, GLfloat cy, GLfloat cz );

time_t ltime;
struct tm *newtime;

GLUquadricObj *Cylinder;
GLUquadricObj *Disk;

GLfloat rx, ry, rz, angle;

// lighting
GLfloat LightAmbient[]= { 2.5, 0.5,1.5,1.0f };
GLfloat LightDiffuse[]= { 0.5, 2.0,1.5, 1.0f };
GLfloat LightPosition[]= { 7.5, 25.0, 15.0, 1.0f };
GLfloat mat_specular[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };

void print_screen( int x, int y, char *st)

{
int l,i;
l=strlen( st );
glRasterPos3i( x, y, -1);
for( i=0; i < l; i++)
{
glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24, st[i]);
}
}

void display()
{
time(&ltime); // Get time

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 newtime = localtime(&ltime); // Convert to local time
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION); //Determines the current stack

glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(-9.0, 9.0, -9.0, 9.0, 1.0, 20.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

glColor3f( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0);

print_screen(-4,-8, asctime(newtime));
Draw_clock( 0.0, 0.0, -14.0);
glutSwapBuffers();
}
static void TimeEvent(int te)
{
glutPostRedisplay();
glutTimerFunc( 100, TimeEvent, 1);
}

void init(void)
{
glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel (GL_SMOOTH);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

// Lighting is added to scene

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1 ,GL_AMBIENT, LightAmbient);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1 ,GL_DIFFUSE, LightDiffuse);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1 ,GL_POSITION, LightPosition);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT1);

Cylinder = gluNewQuadric();
gluQuadricDrawStyle( Cylinder, GLU_FILL);
gluQuadricNormals( Cylinder, GLU_SMOOTH);
gluQuadricOrientation( Cylinder, GLU_OUTSIDE);
gluQuadricTexture( Cylinder, GL_TRUE);

Disk = gluNewQuadric();
gluQuadricDrawStyle( Disk, GLU_FILL);
gluQuadricNormals( Disk, GLU_SMOOTH);
gluQuadricOrientation( Disk, GLU_OUTSIDE);
gluQuadricTexture( Disk, GL_TRUE);

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 }

void Draw_clock( GLfloat cx, GLfloat cy, GLfloat cz )

{

int hour_ticks , sec_ticks;

glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(cx,cy,cz);
glRotatef( 180, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

glPushMatrix(); // Draw large wire cube

glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTranslatef( 0.0, 0.0, 6.0);
glutWireCube(14.0);
glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix(); // Draw clock face

glTranslatef( 0, 0, 1.0);
gluDisk(Disk, 0, 6.35, 72, 6);
glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix(); // Draw hour hand

glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.5);
glTranslatef( 0, 0, 0.0);
glRotatef( (360/12) * newtime->tm_hour + (360/60) * (60 / (newtime->tm_min+1)), 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, 2.0);

glPopMatrix();
glRotatef( 90, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
gluCylinder(Cylinder, 0.75, 0, 4, 16, 16);
glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix(); // Draw minute hand

glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 1.0);
glTranslatef( 0, 0, 0.0);
glRotatef( (360/60) * newtime->tm_min, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, 3.0);
glScalef(0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
glPopMatrix();
glRotatef( 90, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
gluCylinder(Cylinder, 0.5, 0, 6, 16, 16);

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 glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix(); // Draw second hand

glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.5);
glTranslatef( 0, 0, -0.0);
glRotatef( (360/60) * newtime->tm_sec, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, 4.0);
glScalef(0.25, 0.25, 1.0);
glPopMatrix();
glRotatef( 90, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
gluCylinder(Cylinder, 0.22, 0, 6, 16, 16);
glPopMatrix();

for(hour_ticks = 0; hour_ticks < 12; hour_ticks++)

{
glPushMatrix(); // Draw next arm axis.
glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 1.0); // give it a color
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef( (360/12) * hour_ticks, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glTranslatef( 6.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glPopMatrix();
}

for(sec_ticks = 0; sec_ticks < 60; sec_ticks++)

{
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef( (360/60) * sec_ticks, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glTranslatef(6.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glutSolidCube(0.22);
glPopMatrix();
}

glPopMatrix();

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 int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize (700, 700);
glutInitWindowPosition (20, 20);
glutCreateWindow ("CLOCK");
init ();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutTimerFunc( 10, TimeEvent, 1);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}

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 TESING

Testing process of this code is very simple. When we execute the program
it displays the current system time properly during both day and night.

It also displays proper digital time along with the date.

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 USER MANUAL
Original screenshot:

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 Screenshot without the digital clock:

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 After changing the background color and clock face:

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 Without the wire cube and disk:

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 Without the lighting effect:

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 CONCLUSION

SUMMARY:
This project shows the graphical representation of a working analogue clock.
The objective of this program is to implement simple and basic functions of OpenGL.
Computer graphics plays a major role in today’s world where visualization takes the
upper hand as compared to textual interaction. This is largely true as we can see user
interface becoming more and more attractive all thanks to major leaps in the fields of
computer graphics. The project is implemented using graphics OpenGL package
provided by C.

The above argument is equally justified in the fields of computer simulation

which involve complex graphics being highlighted at its peak. It is becoming more
and more popular and the constant dive to improve particular system efficiency by
studying its simulated model attracts more people towards it.

SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT :
Though the package that is designed here does not include complex OpenGL
package, we intend to improve this by including extra features like lighting effects,
Changing the background color adding alarams. We do this with an aim to attract
more people to use our package

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 REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
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