Activity Pe Basis

` Saint Ferdinand College
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Ilagan, Isabela
PRINTED LEARNING
MATERIAL
IN
PE AND HEALTH
WEEK 1 (4 TH
Quarter)
2nd Semester
GRADE 12
MICHAELA V. LOZADA, LPT.

Subject Teacher
Quarter 4
Lesson 1: First Aid of Common Emergencies in Outdoor Activities
Prepared by: Michaela Lozada
Duration : 1 hr and 30 mins. (Week 1)
Methods: Module/ Online Class
What are the common medical injuries encountered in outdoor recreation and what first aid treatment should be administered?
 The term first aid refers to administration of care to prevent deterioration of the victim, to aid recovery, and to preserve life.
COMMON INJURIES AND ILLNESS IN THE OUTDOORS

A. CUTS, SCRAPES, AND PUNCTURE
 Wounds, cuts, and lacerations can be caused anywhere from rock climbing, cutting self from a knife and a stumbling.
 To treat minor cuts, scrapes and puncture:
-clean cuts with soap and water then apply antibiotic cream then cover with sterile bandage and secure using medical tape.
-If bleeding, apply direct pressure using clean cloth to the injury
-do not apply tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe and does not stop even with direct pressure.
EMERGENCY PERSONNEL MUST BE CALLED IMMEDIATELY IF:
-severe bleeding or bleeding does not stop despite pressure
- you suspect there is an internal bleeding (inflammation and sever pain in the are)
-blood spurts out of wound
B. SPRAINS, STRAINS, AND FRACTURE

-Many things can cause strains, sprains or fracture while doing an outdoor activity. One may fall or twist an ankle while trekking or
miscalculate a movement while rowing a canoe.
-Most often it is ankle, wrist, or finger that suffers from sprain and the harmstring for strains. Sprains, strains and fractures are definitely
painful and may bruise or swell.
 SPRAINS are overstretched ligaments. The ligaments stabilize and limit joint mobility. When the joint is forced into a position
that is beyond its normal range, it will overstretch the ligament. The most common sprains are located at the lower limbs such
as the ankle and knee because they are subjected to stress daily.
 STRAIN
Strain is a twist, pull, or tear of muscle or tendon ( a cord of tissue
that connects the muscle to bone). It is also an acute, non-contact
injury that results from overstretching or over contraction.
Sometimes, a muscle would contract and generate a force that is
significantly higher than what is usually does. The forceful
contraction rapidly pulls the muscle-tendon unit, which can result to
a muscle strain. The most common strains are located at the lower
limbs such as the hamstring and calf muscle.
 FRACTURE
The most common fractures are located at the upper limbs such as the hand and forearm. Fractures are more common in
growing bones because it is less dense. There are also a higher number of fractures in the upper extremities because it is not
as strong and compact as the bones in the lower extremities.
 DISLOCATIONS
Are commonly occur in joints that allow greater range of motion. The most common dislocations are located at the upper limbs
such as the shoulder and elbow.
Doctors usually categorized strains and sprains according to severity. Grade I category is mild
that involves minor tearing of the ligament or muscle. Grade II classification involves the partial
tearing of the ligament or muscle. Grade III classification refers to severe injury that involves the
complete tearing of the muscle or ligaments.
Grades I and II may be treated with rest, ice pack, compression and elevation (RICE). Grade II
injuries however, may need further immobilization to hasten the healing process.
For fractures, immediately call medical help if the following occurs:

-one suspects injury to the person’s head, neck or back
-bone is sticking out of the skin
-bleeding does not stop after several minutes of firm pressure.
While waiting for the medical help, do the following first aid:
-immobilize the are of injury until help arrives or until the person is brought to the hospital
-make sure to clean and dress cuts before splinting.
-If bleeding, apply pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops.
- Gently tape the dislocated area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, or a rolled piece of
clothing with first aid tape.
C. CONCUSSION
Concussions are life-threatening injuries because they disrupt the normal function of the brain. A severe blow to the head
could cause the blood vessels in the brain to rupture. Some lose consciousness or forget what happened before the injury;
others do not.
 Treat cuts
 Apply ice or compress if no ice is available
 Rest until symptoms disappear
 Watch out for symptoms that need emergency action
 Call immediate medical help if the following occurs:
-one vomits repeatedly
-the pupils become unequal
-one looks agitated or confused
-one is unconscious or passes out
One feels very drowsy
There is pain in the neck after the fall or knocked out
-one experience seizure
D. BLISTER – are result of ill-fitting footwear. It is especially seen among hikers and trekkers.
Blister can be painful and may cause discomfort. Treat blister with the following:
 Place a piece of adhesive over affected area.
 If blister have popped, wash area with soap and water then put antibiotic cream.
 If it is absolutely necessary, drain a blister with a sterilized needle into the side of the
blister. Apply with antibacterial solution and cover with gauze dressing and tape.
E. BURNS AND SCALDS

Burns and scalds are injuries on the skin caused by hot liquid or heat.
 If still on fire, stop burning immediately through the “ stop, drop, and roll” method. Then
remove the flamed material from the person. However, if the clothing sticks to the skin,
do not pull out but cut or tear around it.
 Take off constrictive clothing immediately (belts, jewellery, and tight clothing) as burns can
swell quickly.
 If first degree burn (top layer skin affected)
-put affected area under running water or immerse in cool (not ice) water until pain
subsides. If no running water is available then apply compress.
-cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage, or clean cloth
-do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause infection
 For second degree burn (affecting top 2 layer of skin )
-immerse in cool water for 10 – 15 minutes; apply compress if running water is not
available.
-do not apply ice, it can lower body temperature and may cause further damage
-do not break blister with sterile, non-stick bandage, and secure with gauze of tape
-to prevent shock, let the person lie flat and elevate feet for about 12 inches high and
elevate burn area about heart level (if possible) and cover the person with coat or blanket.
-wait for emergency personnel
FOR BURNS, IMMEDIATELY CALL MEDICAL HELP IF THE FOLLOWING OCCURS:
 Burn penetrates all layers of skin
 Skin is charred looking, with white, brown, or black patches
 Burn blister is larger than two inches or oozes
 Hands, feet, face, or genitals are burned
 The person is an infant or a senior.
Online Class
 See you at our Webinar Class via Google Meet
 You can download your module via Google Classroom
References:
 Physical Education and Health Volume I; LualhatiFernando-Callo, Peter Fermin Dajime

 Physical Education and Health Volume I , UNIT IIII Management of Recreational Activities

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` Saint Ferdinand College

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

MICHAELA V. LOZADA, LPT.

COMMON INJURIES AND ILLNESS IN THE OUTDOORS

B. SPRAINS, STRAINS, AND FRACTURE

For fractures, immediately call medical help if the following occurs:

E. BURNS AND SCALDS

 Physical Education and Health Volume I; LualhatiFernando-Callo, Peter Fermin Dajime

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