COURSE DESCRIPTION

COURSE OBJECTIVES
1.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES
ADDRESSED BY THE COURSE
The Learner will be able to:
1. Know the proper handling and procedure of marksmanship;
COURSE LEARNING 2. Familiarize in handling firearms and its safety and know the different firing stance and arm style in firing a weapon/gun;
OUTCOMES 3. Know and understand the RA 10591 (Comprehensive Firearm and Ammunition Regulations Act of 2013) and its related laws on jurisprudence.
MIDTERM COVERAGE
LEARNING STRATEGIES ASSESSMENT Remarks
COURSE LEARNING REQUIRED TIME
TOPICS CLASSROO SELF-DIRECTED TIME
OUTCOMES REFERENCE ALLOTMEN
M LEARNING ALLOTMENT
T
At the end of 72 hours Group Recitation
discussion, the
student will be able to: Group
1.Demonstrate the Presentation
dynamism needed in The VMGO Oral recitation
3
various situations to
apply the attributes
of the VMGO.
2. Know the proper  Firearms safety  Lecture/discussion Practical exercise
handling and responsibilities and  Demonstration
procedure of safety rules  Video presentation
marksmanship.

3. Familiarize in  Principles of  Lecture Actual shooting

handling firearms and marksmanship  Demonstration exercise
its safety and know  Examination
the different firing  Types of firearm
stance and arm style
in firing a weapon/gun.

FINAL COVERAGE
4. Know and General provisions of the
understand the RA law Lecture
10591 Recitation
(Comprehensive  PD No. 1866 as Examination
Firearm and amended by RA
Ammunition 8294
Regulations Act of
2013) and its related
laws on
jurisprudence.
 UNIT 1 - FIREARMS SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND SAFETY RULES

There are safety responsibilities and rules in using a firearm, its purpose is to
eliminate or minimize the risks of unintentional death, injury or property damage caused by
improper possession, storage or handling of firearms.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Explain comprehensively the basic and essential gun safety rules.

 Apply the knowledge learned regarding the firearms responsibility and safety
rules.

Content

BASIC GUN SAFETY

The four rules of gun safety provide an almost complete guide to prevent any accident. If
you are a gun owner, you must make these rules very important to you. You must be a
responsible and safe gun owner. The PSBRC Module II on Police Tactical Responses identified
four rules of gun safety:

1. Consider every gun as loaded – Every gun is potential for danger. Accidents may
happen by thinking/presuming that the gun is not loaded. If you always assure that a gun is
loaded, you will avoid accidents to happen.

2. Never let the muzzle of the gun point at anything you don’t intent to shoot – If the
gun is fired accidentally, the chances of harming anybody can be avoided if it is pointed to a safe
direction. Do not let the muzzle point at people behind.

3. Keep your trigger finger off the trigger until you are ready to fire – A gun will not
fire unless the trigger is deliberately pressed. Do not touch the trigger until you have set your gun
sights on the target and you are ready to shoot.

4. Be sure of your target and what is behind it – When you have made a decision to
shoot, make sure you know where the bullet ends up. If you miss, the bullet can hit an innocent
bystander or go through a wall and hit someone behind.

ESSENTIALS GUN SAFETY RULES

(PSBRC module II on Police tactical responses, page 91-92)

1. Be sure the gun is safe to operate. A gun that has been neglected or that is very old
may not be safe to use. Some of the older guns manufactures should not use modern
ammunition;

2. If you don’t know anything the gun, seek the help of a knowledgeable person. If you
are in position to use a gun at a range or while recreationally shooting outdoors, and you are not
familiar with the gun, then ask the owner. Almost every gun model operates differently from the
other;
 3. Know how to use the gun safely. Don’t pretend to know what you doing when
shooting outdoor. It is always better to ask questions on matters you don’t know. Don’t be afraid
to afraid about looking less than macho. If you make a grievous mistake while handling the gun,
then how would you look?

4. Use appropriate ammunition for the gun. It is not a justification that if the ammunition
fits any gun then it can be used as ammunition for firing. This may cause the damage to the gun
and may cause accident to the firer. Ammunition with extra powder is often labelled as “+P or
+P+” that may blow up the barrel.

5. Carry only one caliber cartridge or shell at a time. This will reduce the responsibility of
using the wrong ammunition in your firearms;

6. Wear eye and ear protectors. Always wear appropriate protective eyeglasses as
alternative to protect your eyes during firing. You may also make use of safe ear protection as
alternative measures to avoid damage of your ear internal parts.

7. Never take away the firearm from someone by pulling on the barrel. If the finger is on
the trigger, pulling the barrel could discharge the gun and may injure you or another.

8. Never use drugs or drink alcohol before or during shooting. Alcohol and drugs impair
one’s judgment, thus mistakes may happen.

9. Never shoot into water to avoid ricochet of bullet. If someone fires to the water, this
may cause the bullet to change its direction and may cause injury to someone around.

10. Store guns and ammunitions not accessible to unauthorized people. Place of storage
should be out of reach of children and other people that may use the gun in the other way around.
Make a proper storage area of your gun and ammunitions to avoid loss and accidents.

11. Store firearms and ammunitions separately. Store ammunition where it cannot get too
much moist or in an area which is not excessively hot.

12. Read and fully understand the manual of the gun. The gun manufacturers are
concerned about gun safety. Every gun product has its manual that contains how the gun is to be
operated, cleaned, assemble/disassemble, etc;

13. Never play with the firearms even if you certain that it is unloaded. This habit or
action would condition the mind of others specially minors who would regard gun safety as less
important;

14. Be sure that the barrel is clear from obstructions. An obstruction inside the barrel
such as bullet or bullet jacket can destroy the usefulness of the gun and could cause severe injury
or death. If the discharge of the cartridge seemed a bit different in sound or recoil, the gun should
be pointed to safe direction for 30 seconds to 2 minutes in case of hangfire. The barrel then
should be checked for obstructions afterwards. Hangfire occurs when the gun does not
immediately discharge, but discharges a few moments later.

15. If you do shooting at indoor pistol ranges, you should make sure that the range is
fully ventilated and the fans are properly working. There can be a relatively high concentration
of lead and harmful compounds in the air if proper ventilation is not observed.

Now that you have read and learned the firearms safety responsibilities and safety rules, you can
now proceed to the learning activities. If you have questions on the given activities, you can
reach your teacher through Google classroom or through Student Initiated Phone (SIP) calls
with this contact number:
 Thank you for answering your activity. You may now proceed to the next unit.
Congratulation!
 UNIT 2 - PRINCIPLES OF MARKSMANSHIP

Marksmanship helps develop the skills and provides proper information

and instruction to become a safe and effective shooter. Whether on the firing range or in
combat, depends upon the application of basic marksmanship principles. These
principles are interrelated and must be practiced each time you fire a shot so you achieve
effective results.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Understand comprehensively what marksmanship is.
 Gain basic knowledge of the different principles of marksmanship.
 Familiarize in handling firearms and its safety and know the different firing stance in
firing a weapon/gun.

Content

MARKSMANSHIP - is defined as the skilful art of shooting and hitting the target at a
given or known distance.

PRINCIPLES OF MARKSMANSHIP
There are seven ways to learn for a preparatory marksmanship:
1. Comfortable stance 5. Trigger control
2. Steady position 6. Proper grip
3. Aiming point 7. Firing position
4. Breath control

1. MAKE USE OF A COMFORTABLE STANCE – the excellence of the stance is a major

factor in creating conditions for maximum control. Every individual processes a combination of
individual characteristics that is peculiar to him alone. Examples of these are height, weight and
proportion of the body development to muscle system. Therefore, there is no definite purpose of
stance that will apply equally to all shooters. The shooter on the basis of his own peculiar
configuration must find a stance which provides the greatest degree of stability for his body
(PSBRC module II on police tactical responses).

Main requirements of a stance

a. Equilibrium and stability – the greatest possible degree of equilibrium and stability
in the body-weapon system occurs when there is a least possible strain on the shooter’s muscles.

b. Head position – this would allow the efficient use of the eyes of the shooter
throughout the sighting and aiming process. The head should have a natural tilt.

c. Position of the feet - should be about the width of the shoulders with toes pointed out
slightly.

d. Legs – should be straight but not tense with the knee joint semi-locked but relaxed.

e. Hips – should be level in a natural position.

 f. Non-shooting arm – (one-hand shooting only) the non-shooting arm should be relaxed
and put at the chest.

g. Shooting arm – should be extended with twist and the elbow locked without strain.

h. Head and shoulders – should be levelled, no slouching with unnatural tilt to the head.

i. Body weight – should be on the toes and not on the heel, more weight must be at the
forwarded foot.

2. Establish a steady position – Refers to the establishments of a position that allows the
weapon to be held still while it is being fired (PRBRC module II on police tactical responses).

The element of steady position

a. Non-firing hand grip – the rifle hand grid rest on the heel of the hand in the form by
the thumb and fingers. Grip is light rearward pressure exerted.

b. Rifle-butt position – the butt of the stock is paced in the pocket of the firing shoulder
this reduced the effect of recoil and helps ensure a steady position.

c. Firing hand grip – the firing hand grasps the pistol/rifle grip so that it fits the V
formed by the thumb and forefinger. The forefinger is placed on the trigger so that the lay of the
rifle is not distributed when trigger is squeezed.

d. Firing elbow placement – The location of the firing elbow is important in providing
balance. The firing elbow should be properly and normally clipped to avoid extra movement
when firing.

e. Non-firing elbow placement – position firmly under the rifle to elbow for comfortable
position.

f. Stock weld –should provide for a natural line of sight through the center of the rear
sight aperture to the front sight post and to the target, fire’s neck should be relaxed checked fall
into the stock.

3. Proper placement of aiming point – Refers to the precise alignment of the rifle/handgun
sight with the target. The aiming points which are commonly used are the six-o’oclock hold,
twelve o’clock hold and center hold. There is proper aiming when correct slight alignment

Sight alignment is the relationship between the rear sight and the eye. The front is
centered in the rear sight notch and the top of the blade is even with the top of the rear sight.
Sight picture is also the relationship between the rear sight and the front sights of the target with
respect to the eye. This differs from sight alignment only by adding the bull’s-eye or aiming
points to the front sight blade (PSBRC module II on police tactical responses, page 96-97)

Correct sight alignment and sight illustration.

Errors in sight alignment

PARRALEL SHIFT ERROER ANGULAR SHIFT ERROER

4. Breath control – the third marksmanship fundamental refers to the control of breathing to
help keep the rifle steady. A complete respiratory cycle lasts for 4-5 seconds (inhaling and
exhaling) and seconds. This pause can be extended up to 8-10 seconds without any special labor
and unpleasant sensations. It is during this pause between breaths that the shooter shall fire the
shot.

The reason is that during the respiratory pause, the breathing muscles are relaxed, thus,
the shooter avoids strain from diaphragm. Also thinking of the need of breath does not break his
concentration. If the holding of the breath is not sufficient to allow the shot to be fired within the
required time, hold fire, release the trigger and resume normal breathing and repeat that process
(PSBRC Module II on police Tactical Responses, page 96).

5. Trigger control – It is the independent action of the forefinger on the trigger pulling it straight
to the trigger pulling it straight to the rear with uniformly increasing pressure until the weapon is
fired.

Guidelines for proper trigger control

a. The trigger finger’s location is where it falls naturally on the trigger.
b. The slack or free play in the trigger is taken up first.
c. Apply pressure with the trigger finger only.
d. Trigger finger must be in arch position to avoid contact with the side of the gun.
Errors in trigger control

Flinching - the muscular tension or reaction in participation of the recoil. It includes the
moving of the head, closing the eyes, moving the shoulder to the rear or their combination.
a. Jerking – an attempt to make pistols fire at a certain instances by rapidly applying
pressure on the trigger.
b. Follow through – the continued and physical application of the fundamentals after
each round has been fired. The shooter must not shift position, move his head or bring down the
pistol for a few seconds.
c. Calling the shots – the prediction of the shot where the hits are on the target.

6. Proper grip – proper grip provides the shoulder with maximum control of the weapon. The
most important feature of the grip is uniformity. To maintain a natural sight alignment, the
shooter must hold the weapon firmly. He must be able to apply positive straight to the rear
pressure on the trigger that will not disturb the slight alignment when the hammer falls.

Methods of proper grip for handguns/rifles

a. pick up the pistol/revolver with the non-shooting arm by the barrel end of the slide and
keep muscles down range. Rifle should be picked up with the non-shooting by the handle.

b. Spread the index finger and the thumb of the shooting hand apart to form a V with the
thumb held slightly lower than the index finger. Push the web or V of the shooting directly under
the tanned of the grip safety. Do not roll them.

c. Wrap the 3 lower fingers around the gun and should exert equal pressure, straight to
the bottom of the V. The heel of the shooting arm should be held up on the main spring housing.

d. The thumb should be exerted very little pressure to tightening of the muscles,
controlling the thumb will cause some tightening of the muscles controlling the trigger finger.

e. Placement of the trigger finger should be where it falls naturally on the trigger. This is
usually at the tip and first joint of the trigger finger. Regardless of hand size and finger length,
the shooter should always apply pressure straight to the rear.

f. The correct pressure on the grip is when the shooter can hold without tremble of free of
action on the trigger.

7. Firing position – Firing position should be properly selected in order to establish a great
alignment on target.

Firing position with a rifle

a. standing –is used during assault to engage surprise to the target and when no other
position can be used. In an actual marksmanship firing, this position involves fundamental
position, the legs is normal paces, body slightly forwarded, hands forward with a handgun (or
side-way position if long firearm).
 b. kneeling – the knees kneel in normal paces depending on the comfortability of the
firer.

c. Sitting - is suitable for ground that slopes gently upward and when there are obstacles
that hinder good target acquisition. This includes Cross legs position.

d. Prone – provides the most stable platform for engaging targets and presents a low
silhouette and easily adapted with the use of cover and support.

Firing position with handgun

1. Face the target at 45-degree angle, assuming the power stance for one –hand shooting.
The shooter can vary his angle to the target up to 90 degrees if this allows him better control.

2. Face the target squarely for two-handed position.

3. Position your head so that you look at the target with your eyes straight ahead.

4. Raise your shooting arm and align it with and align it with the target.

5. Close your eyes lower and raise your arm and relax.

6. Open your eyes and check position, if the sights are aligned with the target, you have a
good position.

7. If your arms settle to one side of the target compensate by moving the feet right or left
if necessary. If your arms settle high or low, compensate by closing or opening the distance
between your feet.
Now that you have read and learned the principles of marksmanship, you can now
proceed to the learning activities. If you have questions on the given activities, you can reach
your teacher through Google classroom or through Student Initiated Phone (SIP) calls with
this contact number:

Thank you for answering your activity. You may now proceed to the next unit.
Congratulation!
 UNIT 3 – TYPES OF FIREARMS

Firearm is an instrument used to propel a projectile. But it has different

types, in terms of the barrel, size of the projectile, operation and its mechanism.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Define what firearm is;
 Differentiate smooth-bore and rifled-bore firearms;
 Identify types of firearms according to the caliber of the projectiles.
 Explain the kinds of firearms according to type of mechanism.

Content

DEFINITION OF FIREARMS

A. Legal definition.
Firearms – includes rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, pistols, revolvers, and all other
deadly weapons from which bullets, balls, shots, shells or other missiles maybe discharged by
means of gunpowder or other explosives. Firearms also include air rifles and air pistols not
classified as toys under the provisions of E.O. No. 712 dated 28 July 1981. The barrel of any
firearm shall be considered a complete firearm for all purposes for all purposes hereof (Sec. 877,
Revised Administrative Code).

B. Technical definition
Firearm is an instrument used for the propulsion of projectiles by means of expansive
force of gases coming from burning gunpowder (FBI manual on firearms identification).

C. Other definitions
Firearms means any pistol or revolver with barrel less than 12 inches, any rifle with a
barrel less than 15 inches, any shotgun with barrel less than 24 inches, or any other weapon
which is designed to expel a projectile(s) by the action of an explosive.

Firearms means any weapon, by whatever name known, which is designed to expel a
projectile(s) by the action of an explosive and firearm muffler or firearm silencer, or any part or
parts of such weapon.

Kinds of firearms according to gun barrel:

1. Smooth-bore firearms – are firearms that have no rifling (lands and grooves) inside
the gun barrel. Example: Shotguns and Muskets.

2. Rifled-bore firearms - are firearms that have rifling inside the gun barrel. Example:
Pistols, revolvers and other weapon.
Kinds of firearms according to caliber of projectile:

1. Artillery – are types of firearms that propel projectiles one (1) inch and more in
diameter. Examples: Cannons, mortars, bazookas.

2. Small arms – are types of firearms that propel projectiles less than one (1) diameter.
Examples: Machine guns, shoulder arms, and hand guns.

Types of machine gun

1. Recoil-operated – A type of machine gun devised with a recoil spring that is

responsible in forcing the breechblock move forward causing the another cartridge to be loaded
only after the breechblock moves rearwards and empty shell is extracted upon firing.

2. Gas-operated – A type of machine gun equipped with gas part at the anterior portion
of the barrel.

Kinds of firearm according to type of mechanism

1. Bolt action – reloading is done by manipulation of the bolt.

2. Lever action - loading takes place by lever action on the firearm.

 3. Slide action (trombone) – Loading takes place by back and forth manipulation of the
under forearm of the gun.

4. Automatic action – After the first shot is fired, automatic loading or feeding of the
chamber takes place.

Search link: (https://makeagif.com/gif/how-an-ar-15-rifle-works-part-2-function-k-IhhI)

(See link for better understanding. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqUgvoVXqg0&t=357s)

Two Groups of Firearms

1. Long arms or shoulder arms
a. Rifles – Examples: M16, Garrand, M14. Any firearms having the interior of its barrel
rifled, that is, engraved with spiral grooves so as to give spin to a projectile as it is fired. The
term rifle is most generally applied to a military or sporting weapon fired from the shoulder.

b. Musket – A long-barreled gun fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that
lacks the interior spiral grooves, known as rifling, seen in modern firearms. Musket fire a ball-
shaped bullet, called a round, instead of tapered bullet fired by modern guns.

c. Shotgun – Examples: Gauge 12, Gauge 20, etc. A handheld, shoulder-supported

smoothbore weapon, designed primarily to discharge multiple projectiles (small round pellets,
known as shot) each time it fired.

d. Carbine – M-1, M1A1, M-2, M-3. A light, short-barreled rifle. The carbine is
essentially the same as the rifle, but has a shorter barrel, a generally smaller caliber, and a more
limited range.

2. Hand arms or short arms

a. Pistol – Example: Cal.45, 9mm , Cal. 380, Cal.32. A short barreled handgun designed
to fire a single projectile through a rifled-bore for every press of the trigger. It is usually applied
to semi-automatic loading.

b. Revolver – Example: Cal. 38, Cal. 22, Cal. 357, Magnum 44. A hand firearm
equipped with a rotating cylinder, serving as magazine, successively places a cartridge into
position for firing.
 a. Pistol b. Revolver

Now that you have read and learned the different types of firearms, you can now proceed
to the learning activities. If you have questions on the given activities, you can reach your
teacher through Google classroom or through Student Initiated Phone (SIP) calls with this
contact number:

Thank you for answering your activity. You may now proceed to the next unit.
Congratulation!