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Introduction To Computing

Parts of a System Unit and their Functions

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Joana Daisee N. Escobido
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15 views

Introduction To Computing

Parts of a System Unit and their Functions

Uploaded by

Joana Daisee N. Escobido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Computer system

A computer system is a set of integrated


devices that input, output, process, and store
data and information. Computer systems are
currently built around atleast one digital
processing device.
There are five main hardware components in
a computer system:
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communication devices

The system unit, also known as a “tower” or “chassis,” is the


main part of a desktop computer. It concludes the motherboard,
CPU, RAM, and other components. The system unit also includes
the case that houses the internal components of the computer.

The term “system unit” is often to differentiate between the


computer and peripheral devices, such as the monitor, keyboard,
and mouse, For example, if a repair shop asks you to bring in your
computer, it may be unclear whether you need to bring in your
monitor and peripheral devices as well. If you are told to just bring your system unit, it is
clear you only need to bring the computer itself.
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Parts of a System Unit

System Case
The primary function of the computer system unit is to hold all the other
components together and protect the sensitive electronic parts from the
outside elements.

Motherboard
A motherboard is one of the essential parts of a computer system. It
holds together many of the crucial components of a computer,
including the Central Processing Unit(CPU), memory and connectors
for input and output devices.
Power Supply
Power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric
energy to electric load. The primary function of a power supply
is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and as a
result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric
power converters.

Heat sink
A component designed to lower the temperature of an electronic
device by dissipating heat into the surrounding air. A heat sink
without fan is called passive heat sin; a heat sink with fan is
called active heat sink. Heat sins are generally made of an
aluminum alloy and often have fins.

Graphics Card
A video card connects to the motherboard of a computer system
and generates output images to display. Video cards are also
referred to as graphics card. Video cards include a processing
unit, memory, a cooling mechanism and connections to a display
device.

Ports
A port is an interface between a computer to another computer or peripheral
devices, mainly used port is the USB Port.
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor


The central processing unit of a computer is apiece of hardware that
carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the
basic arithmetic, logical and input/output operations of a computer
system. The CPU is like the brain of the computer, every instruction
no matter how simple has to go through the CPU.

Network Card
The Network card allows data to be transferred between the computer
and the network.

Hard Disk Drice (HDD)


A hard disk is part of the system unit, often called as disk drive or hard
drive or sometimes hard disk drive. That stores and provides relatively
quick access to large amounts of data on an electomagnetically charged
surface or set of surfaces.
Also referred as the main storage device.

Optical Disk Drice (ODD)


It is a device that used photo diodes reflecting lights on optic disks snd
uses a laser to read and write data.

Random Access Memory (RAM) or Memory Card


Store data and instruction that are used by the CPU to
perform some task. These instructions are usually loaded into RAM
from secondary storage device. RAM is also used to store instrucftions
that tell the CPU how to work with its parts. These instructions are
usually called
drivers.
4

System Unit Components


Speaking of testing, we often mean the readiness of a product to enter the market and
evaluate the functionality, compatibility, security, etc. The fact that should be kept in mind is
that the system unit components are essential for using programs. This article will consider
what elements the system unit consists of and what functions they perform.

What Is a System Unit?


The system unit is, at first glance, a simple engineering solution in the form of a box. But it
has an important purpose — to combine essential components for the computer to work. Its
main functions are to protect the computer from external influences and mechanical damage
and maintain an optimal temperature regime inside. Typically the system unit is made of
aluminum, steel, or plastic.

What Are the System Unit Components?


The content of the system unit largely depends on the computing system as a whole, its tasks,
goals, and form factor. The basic structure of the system unit includes the following
components:

1. Motherboard — the primary device of the system unit. All other devices are
connected to it. The motherboard unites all computer devices (video card, RAM,
sound card, hard drive, etc.) and links them together, subsequently regulating their
close-knit work.
2. Processor is an incredibly complex chip that performs billions of mathematical
calculations per second. It is also called a central processing unit (CPU).
3. RAM (Random Access Memory) — system memory. The RAM is connected
directly to the motherboard and carries out a fast exchange of information with the
processor.
4. Hard Drive — a mechanical drive that works on the principle of magnetic
recording, is the central storage of data on most computers.
5. Video Card (Graphics Adapter) — graphics accelerator, a computer component
responsible for generating and displaying images. Modern Video Cards support
HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface), VGA (Video Graphics Array), and
DVI (Digital Visual Interface).
6. Power Supply — a component that converts electrical energy into direct current
required by the computer.
5

Summary
One of the options for software testing is testing on the components of the system unit. It is
essential to make sure that each of them and the system works in strict accordance with
specific local requirements. Testing measures that could be followed include:

● conducting performance tests to evaluate how a system performs in terms of


responsiveness and stability under a particular workload:
● carrying out tests for the sequence of system operation;
● conducting “load tests”, modeling various conditions as accurately as possible and
using or exceeding data volumes;
● verifying the consistency of data input and output.

Why do we need to perform components testing?


1. To verify the input and output behavior of the system unit component.
2. To check the hardware’s usability, speed, and efficiency.
3. To try out the maximum load of the equipment.
4. To test the state of each component of the system.

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