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Sci9 Q4 Wk4 Module4

Science 9 quarter 4 week 4 module 4

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46 views8 pages

Sci9 Q4 Wk4 Module4

Science 9 quarter 4 week 4 module 4

Uploaded by

rulonaglaiza6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9

Science

Quarter 4 - Module 4
Work, Power, and Energy
\

Science 9
Force, Motion and Energy
Q4-Module 4
Lesson Work, Power, and Energy

What I Need To Know

Learning Competency: Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of


mechanical energy. ( S9FE-IVd-40)
Learning Objectives: At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. differentiate kinetic energy from potential energy
2. trace and explain the transformation of energy.

What’s In

In module 1, you studied about objects moving in two dimensions. These


moving objects possess momentum and experience impulses during interactions
with other objects. Not only that, these objects also possess energy. On their own or
during interactions, there are energy transfers and/ or transformations.

What’s New

In this module, the transformations of energy especially mechanical energy


and its conservation will be studied conceptually and mathematically as applied in
many natural events as well as in the working principles of man- made structures
such as rides and electric power plants.
Energy is the name of the game. Everything exists or cease to exist because
of its presence or absence. It is stored in different forms and can transfer and/or
transform. It can be transferred without being transformed. It can also be
transformed without being transformed. Or it can also be transformed during
transfers.
In general, the energy acquired by objects upon which work is done is known
as mechanical energy. You learned in Grade 8 Science that mechanical energy falls
under two categories:

Table 1. Different forms of Mechanical energy


 Energy in matter due to arrangement of its parts, its
A. Potential composition, location and structure. It is commonly
Energy considered as a stored energy having the potential to do
the mechanical work.
 The various forms of potential energy

 Energy in moving matter and wave


B. Kinetic  Some forms of kinetic energy
Energy

Exercise: Cite some differences of potential energy and kinetic energy.

What Is It
Recall in Grade 8 Science that mechanical work done when equated to
changes in the mechanical energies resulted to operational definitions of kinetic
and potential energy in the following equations:

PE grav = mgh where:


PE elas = ½ kx2 PEgrav=gravitational potential energy
m = mass of object
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height or elevation difference
where:
PE elas = elastic potential energy
k = spring constant
x =compression or extension length
KE = ½ mv2 where:
KE = Kinetic energy
m = mass of object
v = velocity of object
Solve the following problem. Show your solution.
1. A 2kg toy car moves along a frictionless surface with a uniform speed og 6m/s.
What is its kinetic energy?
2. Budoy, a junior high school student, lifts a 3-kg book from the floor into a cabinet
2.0m high. With reference to the floor, how much potential energy does the book
acquire?

What’s More
The evidence and varied uses of the different energy forms is everywhere.
Its flow causes change through heat and work.
Be it energy moving through the food chain or an electric power plant, energy
can never be created from nothing nor can it be destroyed into nothing. Energy is
simply transformed from one form to another or transferred from one system to
another. It flows from a source (serving as input system) into an output system
during transfers and/or transformations.
Examples:

Figure 3.Illustration on the main parts of a HEP Plant courtesy of www.NEED.org

The stored water in the reservoir has potential energy. When water is made to
flow down the penstock, the potential energy changes into kinetic energy. The power
of the rushing water spins the turbine, which in turn spins the coils of wire inside a
ring of magnets, thus generating electricity.
Exercises: Describe the energy transformations in the following.

Object Energy Input Energy Output


1. Plug Electric Fan
2. A running car

What I Have Learned


You learned that a body falling freely constantly increases its velocity. Its
height therefore decreases quadratically from the point of release since it is falling
faster and faster. You also learned in the previous discussion that mechanical
energy depends on an object’s changing position and motion or the conversion
between the object’s potential energy and kinetic energy.
Let us now examine what happens to the mechanical energy of a roller
coaster from Figure 4 below. If the cart moves from positions H to O, the potential
energy decreases since its height decreases. On the other hand, its speed increases
as it moves down, thus its kinetic energy increases. From point O to P, it gains back
its potential energy since it is moving up at higher elevation. In contrast, its kinetic
energy decreases as it moves up because it slows down. This exchange of potential
and kinetic energy is known as mechanical energy.

Figure 4. Conservation of Mechanical Energy in a Roller Coaster

Well, at the top of the hill, the car is stationary, so as the car begins to move
down the hill, the potential energy begins to be converted to kinetic energy. The car
gathers speed until it reaches back on top of the other side of the hill and converts
the gained kinetic energy back to potential energy.
Ignoring frictional force, the total mechanical energy, which is the sum of its
kinetic and potential energies, remains constant at all points of the track. In equation
form,
ME1 = ME2 = ME3 = …
PE1 + KE1 = PE2 +KE2 = PE3 +KE3 = …
A crane lifted a 200-kg load to a height of 20 meters from the ground.
Applying the law of conservation of mechanical energy, at which height (position) is
the potential and kinetic energies of the load equal?

What I Can Do
Explain how is heat converted to work?
SCIENCE 9: QUARTER 4-WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY
MODULE 4: STUDENT’S ANSWER SHEET

Name: ___________________________ Grade& Section: _______Score: _____

What’s New:
1.

What Is It::
1. 2.

What’s More:
a.

b.

What I have Learned:

1.

What I can do:


Key to answer:

References
Department of Education Learners Manual Science for Grade 9. First Edition. 2014.

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