‫بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم‬

Sudan University of Science & Technology College of Engineering

School of Electrical & Nuclear Engineering Course of: Unified Machine
Tutorial NO. (3)
Active Transformation[C]
(1) Determine the branch currents in the circuit shown in Figure1 if the
value of a cyclic voltages are V1=+2v, V2=+12v. Hence determine the
individual values of Va ,Vb ,Vc which will allow the points X and Y to be
short-circuited without changing the currents. Derive the voltage, current
and impedance transformation between the given circuit and its simple
component circuits just determined.
Va

4 ohm
Vb

6 ohm Vc

X Y
2 ohm
Figure (1)
 To find the connection matrix, we must find relation between the
branch current and loop current.
 Ia =I1, Ib=I2-I1 , IC=-I2
 The connection matrix [C] is:
1 0
C   1 1 
 0 1
 From the circuit, it is given that:
4 0 0
2
R  0 6 0  , V '  
0 0 2 12

 R'=Ct*R*C

1
 4 0 0  1 0 
1 1 0    
R '   0 6 0   1 1 
 0 1 1  0 0 2   0 1
  
10 6 
R ' 
 6 8 
 From [R'] and [V'], it is possible to find [I']
[V ' ]  [R '][I ']
 2  10 6   I 1 
12    6 8   I 
    2
 I 1   2
I    3
 2  
 From [I'], we can find [I]
[I ]  [C ][I ']
I a   1 0  2
 I    1 1   2   
 b   3   1 
 I c   0 1    3
 Now, we can find the branch voltage [V]
[V ]  [R ][I ]
4 0 0  2   8 
V   0 6 0   1    6 
 0 0 2   3  6 

(2) For the network shown in Figure2, develop an alternative system of

voltage sources which will enable each branch to be short-circuited upon
itself. Derive a transformation matrix C such that the equation I=CI' gives
the relationship between the branch currents I and the cyclic currents I' and
deduce the corresponding law of transformation for the voltages and
impedance.

2
 3 ohm 2V 1 ohm

8V 2 ohm

4 ohm 3 ohm

2 ohm 2V
Figure (2)
 To find the connection matrix, the currents at the branches may
assumed as;
d

3 ohm 2V 1 ohm
I1 I2
8V 2 ohm c
b e

4 ohm I3 3 ohm
f

2 ohm 2V
Ia=I1
Ib=I3-I1
Ic=I2-I1
Id=I2
Ie=I3-I2
If=I3
 The connection matrix is
1 0 0
 1 0 1 

 1 1 0
C  
0 1 0
 0 1 1
 
0 0 1
 The resistance [R], can be obtained from the circuit:
3
 3 0 0 0 0 0
0 4 0 0 0 0 

0 0 2 0 0 0
R  
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 2
 The loop resistance R'=CtRC
3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 4 0 0 0 0   1 0 1 
1 1 1 0 0 0   
0 0  1 1 0
R '  0 0 1 1 1 0  
0 2 0 0
  
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 1  
0 0 0 0 3 0  0 1 1
   
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
 9 2 4 
R '   2 6 3
 4 3 9 

 From the circuit also, we can set the loop voltages;

 10 
V '   2 
 10 
 So, the loop currents;
[V ']  [R '][I ']
[I ']  [R '1 ][V ']
1
 9 2 4   10   0.4
[I ']   2 6 3  2    0.8 
   
 4 3 9   10   1.2 
0.4 
[I ']   0.8
1.2 

 From the loop currents we must find the branch currents

4
 [I ]  [C ][I ']
1 0 0 0.4 
 1 0 1  1.6 
 0.4   
 1 1 0    1.2 
[I ]    0.8   
0 1 0     0.8
1.2 
 0 1 1    0.4 
   
0 0 1 1.2 
 Now, the branch currents and the branch resistances, are known, it is
possible to evaluate the branch voltage[V];
[V ]  [R ][I ]
3 0 0 0 0 0  0.4 
0 4 0 0 0 0  1.6 

0 0 2 0 0 0  1.2 
[V ]    
0 0 0 1 0 0  0.8 
0 0 0 0 3 0  0.4 
  
0 0 0 0 0 2  1.2 
1.2 
 6.4 
 
 2.4 
[V ]   
 0.8 
1.2 
 
 2.4 