TEST CODE 02238020 -3-

FORM TP 2013242 MAY/JUNE 2013

LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 X 108 m S-1

PHYSICS Permeability of free space J.l o 4n x 10- H m'7

UNIT 2 - Paper 02 Permittivity of free space eo 8.85 x 10-12 F m"

2 hours 30 minutes
-1- = 9.0 x 109m F'"
4n eo

Elementary charge e 1.60 x 10-19 C

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. Planck's constant h = 6.63 X 10-34 J s

1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL Unified atomic mass constant u 1.66 x 10-27 kg
questions. (Energy equivalence: lu 931 MeV/c 2)

2. For Section A, write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. Rest mass of electron me 9.11 x 10-3 1 kg

3. For Section B, write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of each Rest mass of proton mp 1.67 x 10-27 kg
question in this booklet.
Acceleration due to gravity g 9.81 m S-2

4. All working MUST be shown.

1 Atmosphere Atm 1.00 x 105N m?
5. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions,
but you should note that the use of an inappropriate number of figures in
Avogadro's constant NA = 6.02 X 1023 per mole
answers will be penalized.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2011 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
02238020/CAPE 2013
 - 4- -5-

SECTION A (i) Calculate the equivalent resistance, R eq in Figure lB.

Answer ALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

1. (a) With the aid of a diagram, derive the formula for the equivalent resistance oftwo resistors
in parallel.

[2 marks]

(ii) Determine the voltage, V2.

[6 marks]

(b) Figure 1A is a potential divider circuit which splits up the 32 V from the battery into
voltages, VI and V 2 , Figure lB is the equivalent circuit to Figure l A.

i
VI R1
[1 mark]

32V VT
1 32V VT

i V2 Req

1
Figure lA Figure IB

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02238020/CAPE 2013 02238020/CAPE 2013
 - 6- -8-

(c) The calculations above assume that the output resistance of the 32 V battery is zero. In 2. Figure 2 shows the gain-frequency curve (the gain-frequency response) of a general purpose
practice this may not be so. In order to determine the internal resistance ofthe battery, an operational amplifier (op-amp).
ammeter is inserted in the circuit at Y and the resistance of R 1 is reduced.

The terminal voltage, V1" ofthe battery is monitored using a high resistance digital voltmeter.
The readings of the ammeter (I) and the voltmeter (V T ) are recorded and tabulated. These Gain
are shown in Table 1 below. 106 1--- -
TABLE 1

VTN I/A

30 0.8

28 1.6 10 1

26 2.5
10 1 102 103 104 105 106 107
24 3.3 Frequency/Hz

22 4.1 Figure 2

(a) Use the graph to determine the

(i) Use the results above to plot a graph of I against VT on the grid provided on (i) open loop d.c. gain of the amplifier
page 7. . [3 marks]

[1 mark]
(ii) The slope, S, of the graph is related to the internal resistance, r, by S = _1
r
0- 1•
Find S and hence determine the internal resistance, r, of the battery. (ii) unity gain bandwidth of the amplifier

[1 mark]

(iii) open loop bandwidth of the amplifier.

[1 mark]

[3 marks]

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

(}')')1 SUl?Olr A PF ?O 11
 -9-
- 10-

(b) The op-amp with frequency response shown in Figure 2 is to be used as a non-inverting (iv) Deduce the gain of the amplifier when the input resistance is made infinitely
amplifier with the feedback resistance R, = 330 k Q and input resistance R, = 3.3 k Q. large
(so that it can be effectively removed from the circuit).

(i) Draw the circuit diagram for this amplifier and label the resistors with their
values.

[2 marks]

(v) What would be the input impedanc e of the resulting circuit?

[3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the gain of the amplifier.

[1 mark]

(vi) Identify the practical applicatio n for the circuit and state why it is
suited for this
application.
[2 marks]

(iii) Use the open loop gain-frequency curve in Figure 2 to determine the closed loop
bandwidth of this amplifier.

[2 marks]

Total 15 marks
[2 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE GO ON TO THE NEXT

02238020/CAPE 2013
 - 11 - - 12 -

3. (a) Describe the phenomenon of 'photoelectric emission'. (d) The Iight source in Part (c) is used in a photoemission experiment with a metal whose
work function is, <I> 4.6 eV. Calculate the maximum velocity of the electrons ejected
from the surface.

[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(b) Identify the property of a light source that would make it suitable for a demonstration of
this phenomenon and give a reason why this property makes it suitable. (e) The data in Table 2 were obtained for a photoemission experiment using Caesium.

TABLE 2

Stopping Potential Wavelength

VIV
s
Nnm
2.8 253
2.3 280
1.9 313
1.3 365
1.0 405
[2 marks]

(c) Calculate the energy (in eV) of a light photon of wavelength 200 nm. (i) On the grid provided on page 13, plot a graph of ~. against A. Ensure that the A.
scale extends to 550 nm. [3 marks]

(ii) From the graph determine the cut-off wavelength for Caesium.

[1 mark]

[3 marks] Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
02238020/CAPE 2013
 - 15 -
- 14-

(b) Figure 4 shows a long solenoid which has 1000 turns per metre and carries a current of
SECTIONB
lOA.
Answer ALL questions.
'\
'\
electron-7 I '\
Write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of each question. I '\~ electron beam
beam I '\
I '\
I '\

4. (a) Figure 3 shows a model of an electron gun similar to that found in older television sets and
oscilloscopes. Electrons from a thermionic emitter are accelerated to high velocities by
the potential difference between the plates and pass through a small hole in the negative
plate. .
SIDE VIEW
END VIEW
,..--- entry hole
accelerating plates
thermionic ~
+
emitter ~ - +
+
+ electron beam
+
+
/
+ ----- TOP VIEW
phosphorescent
screen
1000 turns per metre

Figure 4
High voltage
power supply
(i) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field inside the solenoid.
Figure 3 [3 marks]

(i) By equating the gain in kinetic energy of the electrons to the work done in (ii) The solenoid is placed with its long axis horizontal so that a tiny hole (shown
accelerating them, show that the velocity, vI!' of the emerging beam electrons is exaggerated in the diagram) faces upward and is displaced from the axis by a radial
given by: distance X. An electron beam is directed through the hole as shown in Figure 4.
V
I!
=~2e
m
V p
a) Explain the effect on the electron's horizontal velocity component, resulting
I!
from its interaction with the B-field.

where Vp is the potential difference between the plates. b) Describe the effect on the electron's vertical velocity component.

(ii) Calculate the velocity of the electrons in the emerging electron beam when c) Describe the resultant motion of the electrons and the nature of the image
Vp 25 kV. [4 marks] produced on the phosphorescent screen when the B-field is large enough to
prevent the electrons from touching the interior of the solenoid.
[8 marks]

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE /)")")~RO?O/CAPE 2013
O??1RO?o/r A PP ?011
 - 20- - 24-

5. Some modem cars incorporate an electronic system for turning on the headlights automatically 6. (a) A radioactive sample initially contains No radioactive particles. Its decay constant is A
whenever the light levels of the surroundings fall below a certain threshold. Other specifications and it decays to N particles in time, t. Write the equation describing this decay.
of this type of system are: [1 mark]

• the lights can only come ON if the ignition switch S1 (logic A) is ON (b) A capacitor, C, initially charged to voltage, Yo' will discharge through a resistance, R,
• the headlights AUTO switch S2 (logic B) must be ON for the lights to come ON according to the equation V= Vo exp (-th), where r is called the time constant.
• lighting level (logic C) below threshold is to be taken as logic 0
(i) Write the equation expressing r, in terms of Rand C.
(a) Use logic Y to represent the output of this system and draw up the truth table for the
operation ofthe headlight automatic switching circuit. Write the logic equation represented (ii) If the capacitive discharge is used to model radioactive decay, where voltage is
by this truth table. [3 marks] the analogue of number of particles, what would be the relationship between time
constant, 't and decay constant, A?
(b) The circuit shown in Figure 5 is proposed for implementing the headlight auto switching
system. (iii) Given that t 1l2 is the half-life ofa radioactive sample, use the decay equation from

Part (a) to show that t 1/2 = O.~9 . [5 marks]

12 V
12V
(c) The circuit shown below is used to model the decay ofthe radioactive isotope Francium-221,
which has a half-life of 288 s. 8 1 is initially switched to terminal a.

81
Switching R

I ·r
"- a

r--:~
Amplifier Headlight

32yl- c yo
Relay

1
Figure 5 Figure 6

(i) In this circuit, the open loop operational amplifier is used to compare the surrounding (i) Describe the change in the voltages across Rand C, both of which initially had no
lighting level with a preset value. Explain how this is done. voltage across them.

(ii) Justify the need for the light dependent resistor (LDR) in the circuit. (ii) After a sufficiently long time, the voltages across Rand C become fairly stable and
8 1 is then switched to terminal b, so that the voltage across C models the decay of
(iii) Describe how a relay functions, stating why this device is necessary in the circuit. the Francium-221 isotope. Using a value of R = 1 Mil, calculate the value of C
[7 marks] needed to model the radioactive decay of Francium-221. [6 marks]

(c) (i) Replace the circuit in the dashed box, P, with one consisting of NAND gates (d) (i) State what is meant by the term 'activity' of a radioactive nucleus and write its
only. expression in mathematical form.

(ii) The 7400 chip has 4 NAND gates. How many 7400 chips are required for the (ii) A sample of Francium-221 contains 1012 atoms. Calculate its activity.
NAND-equivalent circuit drawn in Part c (i) ? [5 marks] [3 marks]

Total 15 marks Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02238020/CAPE 2013 02238020/CAPE 2013