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Report

• What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

➢ Artificial intelligence, the broadest term of the three, is used to
classify machines that mimic human intelligence and human
cognitive functions like problem-solving and learning. AI uses
predictions and automation to optimize and solve complex tasks that
humans have historically done, such as facial and speech
recognition, decision making and translation.

• What is machine learning?

➢ Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows for
optimization. When set up correctly, it helps you make predictions
that minimize the errors that arise from merely guessing. For
example, companies like Amazon use machine learning to
recommend products to a specific customer based on what they’ve
looked at and bought before.
Classic or “non-deep” machine learning depends on human
intervention to allow a computer system to identify patterns, learn,
perform specific tasks and provide accurate results. Human experts
determine the hierarchy of features to understand the differences
between data inputs, usually requiring more structured data to learn.
For example, let’s say I showed you a series of images of different
types of fast food—“pizza,” “burger” and “taco.” A human expert

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working on those images would determine the characteristics
distinguishing each picture as a specific fast food type. The bread in
each food type might be a distinguishing feature. Alternatively, they
might use labels, such as “pizza,” “burger” or “taco” to streamline
the learning process through supervised learning.
While the subset of AI called deep machine learning can leverage
labeled datasets to inform its algorithm in supervised learning, it
doesn’t necessarily require a labeled dataset. It can ingest
unstructured data in its raw form (e.g., text, images), and it can
automatically determine the set of features that distinguish “pizza,”
“burger” and “taco” from one another. As we generate more big
data, data scientists will use more machine learning.

• What is Deep Learning?

➢ Deep Learning is basically a sub-part of the broader family of
Machine Learning which makes use of Neural Networks(similar
to the neurons working in our brain) to mimic human brain-like
behavior. DL algorithms focus on information processing
patterns mechanism to possibly identify the patterns just like our

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human brain does and classifies the information accordingly. DL
works on larger sets of data when compared to ML and
the prediction mechanism is self-administered by machines.

• What is Reinforcement Learning?

Reinforcement learning is an area of Machine Learning. It is about
taking suitable action to maximize reward in a particular situation. It is
employed by various software and machines to find the best possible
behavior or path it should take in a specific situation. Reinforcement
learning differs from supervised learning in a way that in supervised
learning the training data has the answer key with it so the model is
trained with the correct answer itself whereas in reinforcement learning,
there is no answer but the reinforcement agent decides what to do to
perform the given task. In the absence of a training dataset, it is bound
to learn from its experience.
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the science of decision making. It is
about learning the optimal behavior in an environment to obtain
maximum reward. In RL, the data is accumulated from machine learning
systems that use a trial-and-error method. Data is not part of the input
that we would find in supervised or unsupervised machine learning.

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Reinforcement learning uses algorithms that learn from outcomes and
decide which action to take next. After each action, the algorithm
receives feedback that helps it determine whether the choice it made was
correct, neutral or incorrect. It is a good technique to use for automated
systems that have to make a lot of small decisions without human
guidance.
Reinforcement learning is an autonomous, self-teaching system that
essentially learns by trial and error. It performs actions with the aim of
maximizing rewards, or in other words, it is learning by doing in order
to achieve the best outcomes.
• Difference Between AI, ML, Deep Learning and
Reinforcement Learning.
Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning
AI stands for Artificial ML stands for Machine DL stands for Deep
Intelligence, and is Learning, and is the study that Learning, and is the study
basically the uses statistical methods that makes use of Neural
study/process which enabling machines to improve Networks (similar to neurons
enables machines to with experience. present in human brain) to
mimic human behavior imitate functionality just like
through particular a human brain.
algorithm.
AI is the broader family ML is the subset of AI. DL is the subset of ML.
consisting of ML and DL as
it’s components.
AI is a computer algorithm ML is an AI algorithm which DL is a ML algorithm that
which exhibits intelligence allows system to learn from uses deep(more than one
through decision making. data. layer) neural networks to
analyze data and provide
output accordingly.

Search Trees and much If you have a clear idea about If you are clear about the
complex math is involved the logic(math) involved in math involved in it but don’t
in AI. behind and you can visualize have idea about the
the complex functionalities features, so you break the
like K-Mean, Support Vector complex functionalities into
Machines, etc., then it defines linear/lower dimension
the ML aspect. features by adding more
layers, then it defines the DL
aspect.

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The aim is to basically The aim is to increase It attains the highest rank in
increase chances of accuracy not caring much terms of accuracy when it is
success and not accuracy. about the success ratio. trained with large amount of
data.
Three broad Three broad categories/types DL can be considered as
categories/types Of AI are: Of ML are: Supervised neural networks with a large
Artificial Narrow Learning, Unsupervised number of parameters layers
Intelligence (ANI), Artificial Learning and Reinforcement lying in one of the four
General Intelligence (AGI) Learning fundamental network
and Artificial Super architectures: Unsupervised
Intelligence (ASI) Pre-trained Networks,
Convolutional Neural
Networks, Recurrent Neural
Networks and Recursive
Neural Networks
The efficiency Of AI is Less efficient than DL as it More powerful than ML as it
basically the efficiency can’t work for longer can easily work for larger
provided by ML and DL dimensions or higher amount sets of data.
respectively. of data.
Examples of AI Examples of ML applications Examples of DL applications
applications include: include: Virtual Personal include: Sentiment based
Google’s AI-Powered Assistants: Siri, Alexa, news aggregation, Image
Predictions, Ridesharing Google, etc., Email Spam and analysis and caption
Apps Like Uber and Lyft, Malware Filtering. generation, etc.
Commercial Flights Use an
AI Autopilot, etc.
AI refers to the broad field ML is a subset of AI that DL is a subset of ML that
of computer science that focuses on developing focuses on developing deep
focuses on creating algorithms that can learn from neural networks that can
intelligent machines that data and improve their automatically learn and
can perform tasks that performance over time extract features from data.
would normally require without being explicitly
human intelligence, such programmed.
as reasoning, perception,
and decision-making.
AI can be further broken ML algorithms can be DL algorithms are inspired
down into various categorized as supervised, by the structure and function
subfields such as robotics, unsupervised, or of the human brain, and they
natural language reinforcement learning. In are particularly well-suited to
processing, computer supervised learning, the tasks such as image and
vision, expert systems, algorithm is trained on labeled speech recognition.
and more. data, where the desired
output is known. In
unsupervised learning, the
algorithm is trained on

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unlabeled data, where the
desired output is unknown.
AI systems can be rule- In reinforcement learning, the DL networks consist of
based, knowledge-based, algorithm learns by trial and multiple layers of
or data-driven. error, receiving feedback in interconnected neurons that
the form of rewards or process data in a
punishments. hierarchical manner,
allowing them to learn
increasingly complex
representations of the data