Subjective Questions

20. What is the focal length of a plane mirror?

Very Short Answer Type Questions 21. State the position of object for which the size of
the image formed by a concave mirror is highly
1. What is a beam of light?
diminished. What should be the position of image is
2. Write an observation which shows that light travels
this case.
in a straight line.
3. Define a ray of light?
4. Define light?
Short Answer Type Questions
5. Give the reason why a ray of light passing from 1. An object is kept in front of a plane mirror. If the
the centre of curvature of a concave mirror, gets mirror is moved away from the object through a
reflected along the same path. distance x, by what distance will the image move?
6. Is light a ray or a wave? 2. An insect is at a distance of 1.5 m from a plane
7. Give the relation between the focal length and the mirror. Calculate the distance:
radius of a spherical mirror. (i) At which the image of the insect is formed.
8. Define Spherical mirror? (ii) Between the insect and its image.
9. Write the characters associated with light as a wave? 3. A concave mirror is cut out of a hollow glass sphere of
10. Can any spherical surface act as a reflector? radius 30 cm. Calculate the focal length of the mirror.
11. Redraw the diagram given below and show the 4. An object is kept at a distance of 15 cm from a
direction of the light ray after reflection from the concave mirror having focal length 10 cm. Find the
mirror given below. position of the image.
15 cm

C F P A
B'
B F
12. For what position of object, Real image equal to size A' 10 cm
of object is formed infront of the concave mirror.
13. Mention the condition for which, the image formed 30 cm
by a concave mirror is virtual?
14. Specify the size of the image formed by a concave 5. An object of height 3 cm is placed on the principal axis
of a concave mirror. The distance of the object from
mirror when m > 1.
the mirror is 15 cm, and the image formed is 30 cm
15. Name the mirror that a shopkeeper can use to check
away from the mirror on the same side of the mirror as
theft in his shops. the object. Calculate the height of the image formed.
16. What should be the position of the object placed on 15 cm
the side of reflecting surface of a concave mirror
of focal length 15 cm if the image is formed at the
A
distance of 30 cm from the mirror? B'
17. Which mirror, always converges the light rays? B F
18. What should be the position of the object for which
A'
a concave mirror forms a real image which is highly
enlarged? 30 cm
19. When an object is placed at the centre of curvature 6. What happens when a ray of light falls normally
of a concave mirror, where is the image formed? (or perpendicularly) on the surface of a mirror?
Light Reflection & Refraction 35
 7. A convex mirror used on a car has a radius of
curvature 3 m. If a bus is located 5 m from this A
mirror, find the position, nature and size of the image. A'
8. An object 4 cm high is placed 25 cm in front of a
B10 cm
concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. At what distance 6 cm B' F C
from the mirror should a screen be placed to obtain a
sharp image? Find the nature and size of the image.
9. How do you distinguish between a plane mirror, a 15cm
concave mirror and a convex mirror without touching
2. An object is kept at a distance of 40 cm from a
them?
convex mirror of focal length 30 cm. Find the
10. An object of height 2.0 cm is placed perpendicular to
position of the image and its nature.
the principal axis of a concave mirror. The distance
of the object from the mirror is 30 cm and its image
A
is formed 60 cm from the mirror on the same side of
A'
the mirror as the object. Find the height of the image.
B 40 cm B' F C
A
B
B' F 30cm
30 cm 3. An object of height 3 cm is kept at a distance of 30
cm from a concave mirror. A real image is formed
A' 60 cm from the mirror. Calculate the focal length of
60 cm
the mirror and the size of the image.
11. A 1.2 cm long pin is placed perpendicular to the 4. A 1 cm high object is placed at 20 cm in front of
principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the
12 cm, at a distance of 8 cm from the mirror. position and nature of the image.
(a) Find the location of the image. 5. An object 5 cm high is placed at a distance of 20 cm
(b) Find the height of the image. from a convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm.
(c) Is the image erect or inverted? Find the position, nature and size of image.

A
A' Integer/Numeric Type Questions

P F C 1. An object placed at distance from a convex lens of

O
focal length 25 cm such that the size of the images is
1
th of the object. What will be the object distance?
4
12. Calculate the speed and wavelength of light 2. An object is lying at the bottom of a tank of height
(i) in glass & (ii) in air, when light waves of frequency 75 cm, which is filled with a transparent liquid. The
6 × 1014 Hz travel from air to glass having refractive object appears to be at 32 cm from the floor of the
index m = 1.5. tank. What is the refractive index of the liquid?
3. If magnification of a body of size 2 m is 4, then
Long Answer Type Questions what will be the size of the image (in metres)?
4. The refractive index of a glass slab is 1.5. An air
1. An object of height 1.4 cm is placed perpendicular to bubble is visible inside the slab. When viewed from
the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length one side, it seems 3.4 cm deep and when viewed
15 cm at a distance of 10 cm from it. Calculate the: from the other side, it seems to be 2.2 cm deep.
(i) location of the image What is the thickness of the glass slab?
(ii) height of the image 5. What will be the power of a lens with focal length
(iii) nature of the image 3 cm?
36 Equip Study Material Class-X
 Multiple Choice Questions

9. The image formed by concave mirror is real,

Level-I
inverted and of the same size as that of the object.
1. Ravi placed an object at a distance of 0.25 m in The position of object should be
front of a plane mirror. The distance between the a. between the pole and the focus
object and image will be
b. at the centre of curvature
a. 1.5 m b. 0.5 m
c. between focus and centre of curvature
c. 1 m d. 0.20 m
d. at the focus
2. The angle of incidence for a ray of light having zero
10. The nature of the image formed by concave mirror
reflection angle is
when the object is placed between the focus (F) and
a. 30° b. 0
centre of curvature (C) of the mirror observed by us is
c. 45° d. 60°
a. virtual, inverted and diminished
3. Which of the following optical devices can produce
a real image for a real object? b. virtual, erect and larger in size
a. Concave lens b. Concave mirror c. virtual, upright and enlarged
c. Plane mirror d. Convex mirror d. real, inverted and enlarged
4. Mirror that is used by a dentist to examine a dental 11. What will be the nature of image formed by a convex
cavity is: mirror when the object distance from the mirror is
a. Plane mirror less than the distance between pole and focal point
b. Convex mirror (F) of the mirror?
c. Combination of concave mirror and convex a. real, inverted and enlarged in size
d. Concave mirror b. real, inverted and diminished in size
5. An object that is placed at a distance of 30 cm from c. virtual, erect and diminished in size
a concave mirror gets its image at the same point. d. virtual, erect and enlarged in size
The focal length of the mirror is
12. If a man’s face is 25 cm in front of concave shaving
a. –45 cm b. 45 cm
mirror producing erect image 1.5 times the size of
c. –15 cm d. +15 cm
face, focal length of the mirror would be
6. For an object that is at a distance of +15 cm and is
a. 75 cm b. 35 cm
moved slowly towards the pole of a convex mirror.
c. 25 cm d. 60 cm
The image will get
13. When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium
a. enlarged and real b. shortened and real
it will have
c. enlarge and virtual d. diminished and virtual
a. decreased velocity and increased wave length.
7. For a concave mirror of radius 30 cm which is placed
b. decreased velocity
in water the focal length in air and water differ by
c. decreased wavelength
a. 25 cm b. 20 cm
d. both (b) and (c)
c. 0 cm d. 30 cm 14. The angle of incidence i and angle of refraction r are
8. A concave mirror of focal length 20 cm forms an equal in a transparent slab when the value of i is
image twice the size of object. What will be the a. 45°
position of the object for the virtual image? b. 0°
a. 20 cm b. 30 cm c. 60°
c. 10 cm d. At infinity d. depend on the material of the slab

Light Reflection & Refraction 37

15. The refractive index of transparent medium is greater c. away from the lens on the other side of lens
than one because d. first towards and then away from the lens
a. Speed of light in vaccum < speed of light in 23. A magnified real image is formed by a convex lens
transparent medium when the object is at
b.
Speed flight in vaccum = speed of light in a. F
transparent medium b. between F and 2F
c. at the centre of curvature.
c. Speed of light in vaccum > speed of light in
d. (a) and (b) both
transparent medium
24. The distance between the optical centre and point of
d. Speed of light wave changes when it moves from
convergence is called focal length in which of the
rarer to denser medium
following cases?
16. The refractive index of water is 1.33. The speed of
light in water will be a. b.
a. 1.33 × 108 m/s b. 1.5 × 108 m/s
c. 2.26 × 108 m/s d. 2.66 × 108 m/s
17. Anil is given three media A, B and C of refractive c. d.
index 1.33, 1.65 and 1.46. The medium in which the
light will travel fastest is
25. A10 mm long pin is placed vertically in front of a
a. B b. A
concave mirror. A 5 mm long image of the pin is
c. C d. equal in all three media formed at 30 cm in front of the mirror. The focal
18. Light from the Sun falling on a convex lens will length of this mirror is
converge at a point called a. –30 cm b. –20 cm
a. radius of curvature b. optical centre c. –40 cm d. –60 cm
c. centre of curvature d. focus 26. A ray of light travels from medium A to medium B
19. Large number of thin stripes of black paint are made as shown in the figure below. Refractive index of the
on the surface of a convex lens of focal length 20 medium B relative to medium A is
cm to catch the image of a white horse. The image
will be 45°
a. a horse of black stripes 45° Medium B
30°
b. a zebra of black stripes 60°
Medium A
c. a horse of less brightness
d. a zebra of less brightness
20. A divergent lens will always produce 3 2
a. b.
a. real and inverted image 2 3
b. virtual and erect image 1
c. d. 3
c. both real and virtual image 2
d. none of these 27. A light ray enters from medium B to medium A as
shown in the figure. The refractive index of medium
21. As object moves closer to convex lens till the object
A relative to B will be
is near the focus, the image formed by it shifts
a. away from the lens Medium A
b. towards the lens
c. first away and then towards the lens
d. first towards and then away from the lens
22. When object moves closer to a concave lens the
image by it shift Medium B
a. away from the lens on the same side of object
b. toward the lens
38 Equip Study Material Class-X
 a. slightly greater than unity b. less than unity 32. A full length image of a distant tall tower can
c. zero d. equal to unity definitely be seen by using
a. a concave mirror
28. Beams of light are incident through the holes A and
B and emerge out of box through the holes C and b. a convex mirror
D respectively as shown in the figure. Which of the c. a plane mirror
following could be inside the box? d. both concave as well as plane mirror
33. What is the position of the bulb in torches, search
A lights and headlights of vehicles
C a. between the pole and the focus of the reflector
B
b. at the centre of curvature of the reflector
c. at infinity
D
d. very near to the focus of the reflector
Box 34. The laws of reflection hold good for
a. A rectangular glass slab a. plane and concave mirror only
b. A convex lens . b. concave and convex mirror only
c. A concave lens c. plane and convex mirror only
d. A Concave mirror d. all mirrors irrespective of their shape
29. A beam of light is incident through the holes on 35. The ray of light coming from air passing through
side A and emerges out of the hole on the other a rectangular glass slab traced by four students are
face of the box as shown in the figure. Which of the shown in the figure as A, B, C and D. Which one of
following could be inside the box? them is correct?
a. Prism b. Rectangular glass slab
c. Concave lens d. Convex lens
A B
10 1
9 2
8 3
7 A B
6 4
5 5
4 6
3
2 7
1 8
9
Box 10

30. Which of the following statements is/are true?

a. A concave lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal C D
length 0.25 m
b. A convex lens has –4 dioptre power having a focal a. A b. B
length 0.25 m
c. C d. D
c. A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal
length 0.25 m 36. In which of the following, the image of an object
d. A concave lens has –4 dioptre having a focal 0.25 m placed at infinity will be highly diminished and
31. Magnification produced by a rear view mirror fitted point sized?
in vehicles a. Concave mirror only
a. is less than one
b. Convex mirror only
b. is equal to one
c. Convex lens only
c. is more than one
d. it depends upon the position of the object in front d. Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave lens and
of it. convex lens.

Light Reflection & Refraction 39

 Subjective Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions Short Answer Type Questions

1. The persistence of vision for human eye is? 1. What is short-sightedness ? How can this defect be
2. What is the range of vision for normal eye? corrected?

3. Name the structure formed in human eye that 2. The ciliary muscles of a normal eye are in their (i)
controls the size of the pupil. most relaxed (ii) most contracted state. In which
4. What is the other name of old age eye defect? of the two cases is the focal length of the eye-lens
more?
5. What is the angle of the prism for an equilateral
glass prism. 3. The far point of a person suffering from myopia is
2 m from the eye. Calculate the focal length and the
6. What is the nature of the eye lens of human eye and
power of the corrective lens.
that of the image formed at the retina of the eye by
it? 4. A human eye lens is a convex lens that can form sharp
images on the retina of eye for different positions
7. Which part of our eyes helps us to focus near and
distant objects in quick succession? of the objects but a convex lens made of glass
forms a sharp image on the screen for a particular
8. What is the role of optic nerve in the human eye.
position of an object with respect to the lens. Explain,
9. Name a thin membrane through which light enters why?
the human eye.
5. The near point of an elderly person lies at 50 cm
10. Name the following part of human eye : A dark from the eye. Calculate the focal length and power
muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the
of the corrective lens.
pupil.
6. How is a normal eye able to see clearly, distant
11. In which direction, the near point of
as well as nearer objects ? What is the distance of
hypermetropic eye is shifted from the normal near
distinct vision?
point?
7. A person cannot see objects closer than 75 cm from
12. Name the ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length.
the eye. What will be the power of the corrected lens
13. Which part of human eye acts as a screen to obtain he should use.
the image of an object?
8. When we enter a dim-lit room from a bright light,
14. In a human eye, name the a thin membrane which
we are unable to see the object in the room for some
allows light to enter the eye.
time. Give the reason
15. What is the value of near point for normal eye.
9. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front
16. What is the function of pupil in human eye? of the eye. What is the nature and power of the lens
17. What is the value of far point for normal eye. required to enable him to see very distant objects
18. A person suffering from an eye defect distinctly?
uses lenses of power 1 dioptre. Name the 10. Why do we have two eyes instead of one eye?
defect he is suffering from and the nature of lens
used.

68 Equip Study Material Class-X

 4. At a distances between 50 cm and 300 cm from his
Long Answer Type Questions
eye, a person is able to see objects clearly.
1. What is long-sightedness? List two causes for a. Mention the kind of defect of vision he is suffering
development of long-sightedness. Describe with a from.
ray diagram, how this defect may be corrected using b. What kind of lenses will be required to increase
spectacles. his range of vision from 25 cm to infinity?
Or Explain briefly.
What is hypermetropia? State the two causes of
hypermetropia. With the help of a ray diagram, show Integer/ Numeric Type Questions
(i) the eye defect hypermetropia, (ii) correction of
hypermetropia by using a lens. 1. A person can read a newspaper from a distance of
2. Write different parts of eye and explain their 50 cm. Find the power of the lens required by him
functions. Also explain, how an image of an object to read it from 25 cm.
is formed on the retina of eye. 2. Power of a lens (in diopter) used for the correction
3. What is short-sightedness? List two causes for of a hypermetropic eye whose near point is 40 cm
development of short-sightedness. Describe with a should be _______.
ray diagram, how this defect may be corrected using 3. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What
spectacles. is the power of the lens required to correct this
Or defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eye
is 25 cm.
What is myopia? State the two causes of myopia
with a labelled ray diagram show 4. The power of the lens used for the correction of a
(i) the eye defect myopia, myopic eye whose far point is 75.5 cm should be
______.
(ii) correction of myopia using lens.

The Human Eye and The Colourful World 69

 Multiple Choice Questions

6. Far and near points of a young person normal eye

Level-I respectively are
1. The deflection of light by minute particles and a. Infinity and 0 b. Infinity and 25 cm
molecules of the atmosphere in all direction is c. 0 and 25 cm d. 150 cm and 25 cm.
known as. 7. The size of the pupil is controlled by the muscular
a. Interference b. Scattering diaphragm called.
c. Dispersion d. Refraction a. Iris b. Ciliary muscles
2. Having two eyes facilitates in c. Cornea d. Rod and cons
A : Bringing three-dimensional view 8. One cannot see through the fog, because
B : Increasing the field of view a. It is an opaque object
C : Observing the concept of height and distance b. Light suffers total reflection at droplets
Then the correct option is/are c. Light is scattered by the droplets
a. A only b. B only d. Fog absorbs light
c. A and B only d. A, B and C 9. Hypermetropia and myopia can be corrected
3. The defective eye of a person has near point 0.5 respectively by
m and far point 3 m. The power of corrective lens a. Plano-convex and Concave lens
required for
b. Convex and concave lens
(i) seeing distant objects
c. Concave and convex lens
(ii) reading purpose and
d. Plano-concave and plano-convex lens
a. 0.2 D and +3D respectively
10. Bi-focal lens are required to correct
b. +2D and – 1 D respectively a. Myopia b. Presbyopia
3
c. Astigmatism d. Coma
1
c. – 2D and + D respectively 11. The nature of image formed on the retina of the
3
human eye is
d. 0.2 D and –3.0 D respectively
a. Virtual and inverted b. Real and inverted
4. The clear sky appears to be blue because
c. Real and erect d. Virtual and erect
a. Blue light gets reflected in the atmosphere.
12. A person is able to see distant object distinctly but
b. Ultraviolet radiations are absorbed in the cannot see nearby objects clearly this defect of vision
atmosphere. is called
c. Violet and blue lights get scattered more than
a. Hypermetropia b. Far-sightedness
lights of all other colours by the atmosphere.
c. Long-sightedness d. All of the above
d. Light of all other colours is scattered more than the
violet and blue colour lights by the atmosphere. 13. When white light enters a prism, it gets split into
its constituent colours after entering a prism. This is
5. Refraction of light by the earth’s atmosphere due to
due to
variation in air density is called
a. Each colours has same velocity in the prism.
a. Atmospheric refraction
b. Different refractive index for different wavelength
b. Dispersion
of each colour
c. Scattering
c. Prism material have high density.
d. Atmospheric reflection
d. Scattering of light

70 Equip Study Material Class-X

 14. At noon the sun appears white as 20. The layer of air of atmosphere whose temperature is
a. Light is least scattered less then the hot layer behave as optically
b. Different colours of the white light are scattered a. Rarer medium
away b. Denser medium
c. Blue colour is scattered the most
c. Inactive medium
d. Red colour is scattered the most
d. Either denser or rarer medium
15. A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond
2 m. This defect can be corrected by using a lens of
power Level-II
a. +0.9 D b. –0.2 D
1. Human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive
c. +0.2 D d. –0.5 D
organ that
16. A prism PQR (with QR as base) is placed in different
a. Enables us to see the wonderful world and colours
orientations. A narrow beam of white light is incident
around us
on the prism as shown in figure. In which of the
following cases, after dispersion, the third colour b. Can identify the objects
from the top corresponds to the colour of the sky? c. Is like a camera
P R Q d. All of these
2. A person is suffering from some sight problem.
a. b. From the given diagram say which defect he suffers
P from? [JSTSE 2015]
Q R Rays from a
distant object
R R

c. P d. P
Q a. Myopia b. Hypermetropia
Q
c. Cataract d. Astigmatism
17. The ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length to 3. Iris contracts the pupil
form a sharp image of the object at varying distances a. In darkness
on the retina is called b. To allow less light to enter
c. In bright light
a. Converging power of the eye
d. Only (b) and (c)
b. Power of accommodation of the eye
c. Power of adjustment of the eye 4. Hypermetropia is also known as far sightedness as
a. The person is able to see clearly the distant objects,
d. Diverging power of the eye
but not near objects
18. Twinkling of stars is caused due to the atmospheric b. The person is not able to see clearly the distant
a. Dispersion of light by water droplets objects, but can see near objects clearly
b. Refraction of light by different layers of varying c. The person is unable to see the distant or near
refractive indices objects clearly
d. The person is able to see the distant or near objects
c. Reflection of light by dust particles
clearly
d. Internal reflection of light by clouds. 5. If a person can see an object clearly when it is placed
19. The black opening between the aqueous humour and at 25 cm away from him but not distant objects he is
the lens is called suffering from: [JSTSE 2015]
a. Ciliary muscles b. Iris a. Myopia b. Hyper meteropia
c. Cornea d. Pupil c. Asitgmatism d. None of these

The Human Eye and The Colourful World 71

 Subjective Questions

14. Calculate the current in a circuit if 600 C of charge

Very Short Answer Type Questions
passes through it in 10 minutes.
1. An electric iron draws a current of 0.5 A when the 15. Name the particle which is responsible for the
voltage is 100 volt Calculate the amount of electric conduction in a conductor?
charge flowing through it in one hour. 16. When two ends of a metallic wire are connected across
2. Explain the term resistivity. the terminals of a cell, some potential difference is
set up between its ends. In which direction, electrons
3. Electric current flows through a metallic conductor
are moving through the conductors?
from its one end P to other end Q. Which end of the
conductor is at higher potential? Why? 17. Write S.I. unit of resistivity.

4. Is there any flow of charge in a wire under normal 18. Out of the two wires 1 and 2 shown below, which
conditions? one has greater resistance? Justify it.

5. Define the unit of resistance. 1

6. How much resistivity of a conductor will change
when its length is tripled by stretching it?
7. What happens to resistance of a conductor if its area 2
of cross-section is increased?
8. The length of conducting wire is doubled. What will
be the ratio of its new specific resistance to the old 19. Explain when a battery is connected to a closed circuit,
one? charge flow in the circuit almost instantaneously.
9. A given length of a wire is doubled on itself and 20. For the flow of current closed path is required, why?
this process is repeated once again. How much the
21. A series connection is not preferred for connecting
resistance of the wire does change?
domestic electrical appliances in a circuit, why?
10. Name the scientist who studied the following
22. A torch bulb is rated as 1.5 V. 500 mA. Find out the
quantities.
resistance of the torch.
(i) current
(ii) resistance.
Short Answer Type Questions
11. Resistance of a glowing filament of a lamp is
comparatively much more than that when it is at 1. A TV set shoots out a beam of electrons. The beam
room temperature. Why? current is 20 mA.
12. Why Magnanin is used for making standard resistors (a) How many electrons strike the TV screen in each
coils?. second ?
13. A resistance of 1 kΩ has a current of 0.5 A throughout (b) How much charge strikes the screen in a minute?
it when it is connected to the terminals of a battery.
2. Find out the resistance of 200 m long copper
What is the potential difference across the ends of a
wire, the diameter of the wire is 1 mm ( P = 1.68
resistor.
× 10–8 Ω m).
Electricity 111
3. A piece of wire is stretched until its length is
Long Answer Type Questions
doubled. Calculate the ratio the new resistance with
the original value. 1. In the given circuit diagram. Calculate
12 W
4. A resistance of 6 ohms is connected in series with
4W
another resistance of 4 ohms. A potential difference
of 40 volts is applied across the combination.
Calculate the current through the circuit and potential 20 W
difference across the 6 ohm resistance.
5. A current of 5.0 A flows through a circuit for (i) total resistance of the circuit
10 min. Calculate the amount of electric charge that (ii) total current flowing in the circuit
flows through the circuit during this time. (iii) potential difference across R1
6. A 10 A current is flowing in a conductor. Assuming 2. In the circuit shown in the figure, the cell and
that this current is entirely due to the flow of the ammeter both have negligible resistance. The
resistors are identical. With the switch K open, the
electrons (a) find the number of electrons crossing
ammeter reads 0.5 A. What will be the ammeter
the area of cross section per second, (b) if such a reading when the switch is closed?
current is maintained for one hour, find the net flow + –
of charge. – A

7. Four resistances each of 2 ohm are connected in

series. Calculate the equivalent resistance.
8. In the circuit diagram.
8W K
3. The three resistors R1, R2 and R3 having values
5 W, 10 W and 30 W respectively are connected in
5W 3W parallel across a battery of 24 volt. Calculate (a) the
current through each resistor (b) the total current in
the circuit and (c) the total circuit resistance.
8V
4. Three resistances are connected as shown in diagram
through the resistance 5 ohm, a current of 2 ampere
is flowing :
Find (i) total resistance
(ii) current shown by the ammeter A.
9. A circuit is shown in the figure below, Calculate.
2 amp

(i) What is the current through the other two

resistors?
(ii) What is the potential difference (p.d.) across AB
and across AC ?
(iii) What is the total resistance.
5. Given, R1 = 10 ohms, R2 = 40 ohms, R3 = 30 ohms,
(i) current through 6 W resistor R4 = 20 ohms, R5 = 60 ohms and a 36 volt battery
(ii) potential difference (p.d.) across 12 W is connected as shown.
112 Equip Study Material Class-X
 9. Two bulbs, one rated 80 W at 220 V and other 60 W
at 220 V are connected in parallel to a 220 V supply.
What is current drawn from the supply line ?

36 V Integer/Numeric Type Questions

1. If 5 equal resistances are connected in series and
Calculate :
this combination dissipates 40 watt of power across
(a) the total resistance and
a source of emf. The power dissipated if the resistors
(b) the total current flowing in the circuit.
are connected in parallel across the same source of
6. A circuit is shown in the diagram. emf is________
8
2. A wire has cross-section area 0.02 mm2, length
24 m and resistivity of the material of wire is 10–7
ohm.cm. The resistance of wire would be________
3. There are five cells, such that the emf of each cell
(i) What is the current through the 5 ohm resistance? is 5.5 V and the external resistance is 18 Ω. If the
4
(ii) What is the current through R ? internal resistance of each cell is W and they are in
5
(iii) What is the value of R ? series (except one cell, whose terminals are reversed),
(iv) What is the value of V ? then the current that flows in them________
7. Suppose a 8-volt battery is connected across a lamp 4. Two identical electric bulbs of 50 W are used
whose resistance is 20 ohm the current in the circuit in parallel on a 220 V line for 4 hours per day.
is 0.25 A, calculate the value of the resistance from The electric energy (in kwh) in 10 days would
the resistor which must be used. be________
8. 15 bulbs of 60 W each run for 6 hours daily and a 5. 5 × 1021 electrons travel from one point to another
refrigerator of 300 W runs for 10 hours daily. Work
in a wire in 0.2 s. The current in amperes would
out per day bill at 3 rupees per unit.
be________

Electricity 113
 Multiple Choice Questions

7. Two conductors of equal length and area made of

Level-I two materials of resistivity ρ1 and ρ2 are connected
1. A coil in the heater consumes power P when current in series to a source of potential V. The equivalent
flows through it. If it is cut into halves and joined in resistivity for the same area is
parallel, it will consume power ρ1ρ2
a. ρ1 + ρ2 b.
P ρ1 + ρ2
a. P/4 b.
2 ( ρ1 + ρ2 )  ρ1 − ρ2 
c. 2P d. 4P c. d.  
ρ1ρ2  2 
2. A fuse wire frequently gets burnt when used with a
8. What is the maximum resistance which we can get
good heater. It is advised to use a fuse wire of
from five resistors each of 1/5 W?
a. more length b. less length
a. 5 Ω b. 10 Ω
c. less radius d. more radius
c. 1/5 Ω d. 1 Ω
3. A cooler of 1500 W, 200 volt and a fan of 1000 W,
9. A wire of length l and uniform area of cross-section
200 volt are to be used from a household supply.
A has resistance R. Another wire of same material of
The rating of fuse to be used is
length 2l has resistance R. The area of cross-section
a. 2.5 A b. 5.0 A of this wire will be
c. 7.5 A d. 12.5 A a. 3A b. 3A/2
4. A device records that 4000 joule of work is required c. 2A d. A/2
to transfer 10 coulomb of charge between two points
10. Two conductors of same length and area, made of
of a resistor of 40 Ω. The current passing through it
two materials of resistivity ρ1 and ρ2 are connected
is
in parallel to a source of potential V. The equivalent
a. 2 A b. 4 A resistivity for the same length and area is
c. 10 A d. 16 A ρ1ρ2
a. ρ1 + ρ2 b.
5. V-I graph of a conductor is shown below. The ρ1 + ρ2
resistance of the conductor is
c.
( ρ1 + ρ2 ) d. ρ1 − ρ2
ρ1ρ2
9
11. Find out the current that flows through the 10 Ω resistor
V (volt)

6 in the following circuit.

3

0 5 10 15 20
I (ampere)
3
a. 5 Ω b. Ω
3 5
5 2
c. Ω d. Ω
4 5
6. To obtain 2 Ω resistance using only 6 Ω resistors,
the number of them required is
a. 1.2 A b. 0.6 A
a. 5 b. 3
c. 0.2 A d. 0.3 A
c. 4 d. 6
114 Equip Study Material Class-X
 12. Two resistors joined in series gives net resistance of 19. The net resistance between A and B is
10 Ω. When connected in parallel, gives 2.4 Ω. Then
the individual resistances are
a. each of 5 Ω b. 6 Ω and 4 Ω
c. 9 Ω and 1 Ω d. 8 Ω and 2 Ω
13. If R1 and R2 be the resistance of the filament of 40
W and 60 W respectively operating at 220 V, then a. 4 Ω b. Must be 10 Ω
a. R1 ≥ R2 b. R2 < R1 c. 6 Ω d. May be 10 Ω
c. R1 = R2 d. R1 < R2 20. A circuit contains cell, a resistor, a key, and an
ammeter are arranged as shown in figure. The
14. The resistance of hot filament of a bulb is about 10
current recorded in the ammeter will be
times the cold resistance. What will be the resistance of
100 W - 220 V lamp, when not in use? a. maximum in (ii) b. maximum in (iii)

a. 4.84 Ω b. 400 Ω c. maximum in (i) d. same in all the cases

c. 484 Ω d. 48.4 Ω
15. If P and V are the power and potential of a device,
then the power used with a supply potential V1 is
V12 V
a. 2
P b. P
V V1

V2 V1
c. P d. P
V12 V

16. A wire of length l, made of material of resistivity ρ

is cut into two equal parts. The resistivity of the two
divided parts are equal to,
a. ρ/2 b. ρ/3
c. ρ d. 2 ρ
17. The temperature of a conductor is increased. The
graph best showing the variation of its resistance is
a. b. 21. In an electrical circuit two resistors of 2 Ω and 4 Ω
R R respectively are connected in series to a 6 V battery.
The heat dissipated by the 2 Ω resistor in 5 s will be
T T a. 5 J b. 10 J
c. d. c. 20 J d. 30 J
R R 22. An electric bulb is connected to a 220V generator.
The current is 0.50 A. What is the power of the
T T bulb?
18. A battery of 15 volt carries 200 C of charge through a. 220 W b. 110 W
a resistance of 20 Ω. The work done in 10 seconds c. 55 W d. 0.0023 W
is 23. 1 A current is flowing through filament of an electric
a. 300 joule b. 30 joule bulb. Number of electrons passing through a cross-
section of the filament in 16 seconds would be
c. 3000 joule d. 3 joule
roughly
Electricity 115
 a. 1020 b. 1016 2. A wire P is half the diameter and half the length of
c. 1018 d. 1023 a wire Q of similar material. The ratio of resistance
of P to that of Q is
24. Two resistances are connected between two points
say A and B in parallel. The physical quantity that a. 8: 1 b. 4: 1
will remain the same between the two points is c. 2: 1 d. 1: 1
a. Current b. Voltage 3. Potential difference between two points is defined as
c. Resistance d. None of these a. The amount of work done in moving a unit charge
25. The minimum resistance obtained by using 2 Ω, by a unit distance
4 Ω, 1 Ω and 100 Ω is
b. Distance between two terminals
a. < 100 Ω b. < 5 Ω
c. Length of the connecting wire
c. < 1 Ω d. > 2 Ω
d. The amount of work done in moving a unit charge
26. Shiva carries out an experiment and plots the V-I between the two points.
graph of three samples of nichrome wire with
resistances R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Which of the 4. The length of a wire is doubled, but its cross-section
following is true? remains the same, then its resistance will become
a. 4 times b. 2 times

c. 1 times b. 3 times
2
5. Power produced due to flow of current through a
conductor is given by the formula
a. P = I2 R b. P = V I
a. R1 = R2 = R3 b. R3 > R1 > R2 c. P = V2/R d. All of the above
c. R3 > R2 > R1 d. R2 > R3 > R1 6. If a wire of resistance 2 W is stretched to double its
27. If the current I through a resistor is increased by 100 length, then resistance will be
% (assume that temperature remains unchanged), the
increase in power dissipated will be a. 1 Ω b. 2 Ω
2
a. 100% b. 200% c. 1 Ω d. 8 W
c. 300 % d. 350 % 8
7. When two or more resistors are connected in parallel
28. The resistivity does not change if
combination,
a. the temperature is changed
a. The current passing through each resistor is same
b. the material is changed
b. The potential difference across each resistor is
c. the shape of the resistor is changed
same
d. both material and temperature are changed
c. Both of the above
d. None of the above
Level-II
8. Alloys are generally used in electrical heating
1. The diameter of a wire is reduced to 1/5 of its devices because
original value by stretching it. If its initial resistance a. resistivity of an alloy is generally higher than that
is R, what would be its resistance after reduction of of constituent elements
the diameter?
b. alloys do not oxidize readily at high temperature
R
a. R b. c. Both (a) and (b)
625 5
c. 5 R d. 625 R d. Neither (a) nor (b)
116 Equip Study Material Class-X
 Subjective Questions

14. What must be the polarity of the end of a solenoid if

Very Short Answer Type Questions the current flowing in it appears to be anticlockwise?
1. State an important feature of the magnetic field 15. Identify the magnetic poles of the magnets in the
line produced inside a solenoid. Write one use of a given figure.
solenoid.
2. The diagram shows a solenoid having a soft iron
core. A current is passed through the solenoid in the
direction indicated by the arrows. Mark the N and S
poles produced in the iron core.
B A 16. A magnet is hung using a string. How can its poles
be identified?
17. Which device is used to draw magnetic field lines of
a current carrying conductor.
3. Suggest one way to distinguish between a wire 18. Suggest a way to you determine the direction of
carrying current and a wire carrying no current. the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying
4. What were the observation made by Oersted during solenoid?
his experiment with current carrying conductors? 19. A straight current carrying wire is held perpendicular
5. A magnet AB is broken into two pieces. Name the to the plane of a paper and a current is passed through
polarities of the poles A, B, C and D? this conductor in the vertically upward direction.
What is the direction of magnetic field produced
A  B A  C D  B
around it?
6. A magnetic needle gets deflected when brought near 20. Magnetic field lines inside a solenoid is uniform or
a current carrying conductor. Why? non-uniform?
7. What is the difference between the wires used in the
element of an electric heater and in a fuse. Short Answer Type Questions
8. Name any two parts of a human body where magnetic
field is found significantly. 1. A magnet is divided in two parts A, B.
9. State what conclusions can be drawn from the
observation that a current carrying wire deflects a A B
magnetic needle kept near it..
10. What do you know about the direction of magnetic
field lines inside and outside of a bar magnet? Name the part whose magnetic field strength is:
(i) maximum (ii) minimum. How will the density of
11. Which colour of wire is conventionally used for
magnetic field lines differ at these parts?
(i) Live wire, (ii) Earth wire, (iii) Neutral wire?
2. What is the role of fuse wire in an electric circuit.
12. How can it be shown that the magnetic field produced Why should not a fuse with defined rating be
by an electric current flowing in a wire decreases as replaced by one with a larger rating?
the distance from the wire increases?
3. Explain how the strength of magnetic field near a
13. A circular coil having n turns, produces a magnetic straight current-carrying conductor is:
field n times as large as that produced by a single
(i) related to the strength of current flowing through
turn coil. Justify it.
the conductor?
Magnetic Effect of Current 153
 (ii) Affected by changing the direction of flow of (ii) When the current is passed continuously through
current in the conductor? coil I.
4. Explain the term 'frequency of an alternating Give reason for your observations.
current'? What is its value in India? What are the (iii) Name and state the phenomenon responsible for
advantages of alternating over direct current for long the above observation.
range transmission of electric energy?
(iv) Write the name of the rule that is used to
5. State why the following rules are used: determine the direction of current produced in
(a) Right-hand thumb rule the phenomenon.
(b) Fleming's left hand rule (v) Name the two coils used in this experiment.
(c) Fleming's right hand rule 4. (a) Explain why should there be two separate
6. Which colour of insulation is conventionally used circuits one for high power rating appliances
for earth wire? Why is the earth wire connected to and the other for low power rating appliances.
metallic parts of appliances? (b) A domestic circuit uses a 5A fuse. Find how
7. Why does a current carrying conductor kept in a many bulbs of rating 100W-220V can be safely
magnetic field experience a force? Name the factors used in this circuit? Justify your answer.
effective of the direction of this force depends? 5. (a) Draw a diagram that represents a uniform
8. State any difference between AC and DC. Why AC magnetic field in a given region.
is preferred over DC for long range transmission of (b) List any two properties of magnetic field lines.
electric power? Name any one source each of DC
and AC.
Integer/Numeric Type Questions
Long Answer Type Questions 1. The ratio of magnitude of magnetic field, at distances
y and 7y from the centre of the magnet of length
1. What is short circuiting? State one factor/condition 6 cm on its axis is x : 1. The value of x here is
that can lead to it. Name a device in the household __________.
that acts as a safety measure for it. State the principle
of its working. 2. A current of 18 A flows in a long straight conducting
wire. The magnetic field (in Gauss) at a point
2. Consider a circular loop wire lying in the plane 45 mm from the wire in a direction perpendicular to
of the paper. Let the current pass through the loop the wire would be __________.
clockwise. With the help of a diagram, explain how
the direction of the magnetic field be determined 3. The diameter of a copper disc is 0.4 m. It is placed in
inside and outside the loop. Name the law used to 'a uniform magnetic field of 7.5 T and made to rotate
find the direction of magnetic field. about its axis with angular velocity 70 revolution per
second. The value of induced emf (in V) across the
3. Two insulated copper coils are wound over a non- radius of the disc is __________.
conducting cylinder as shown. Coil I has larger
number of turns. 4. A wire is in the shape of an arc with diameter 2r and
(i) Write your observations when, π
subtends an angle of radian at its centre. If the
(a) key K is closed, 12
(b) key K is opened. value of its magnetic induction at the centre be such
µ0i
that B = , then the value of x is __________.
Coil I Coil II (x)r
5. A current of 8 amp is passed through a 8.8 m long
wire. If it is bent in the shape of a coil of radius
10 m, then the magnetic induction (in × 10–7 Tesla)
K at its centre would be __________.
G

154 Equip Study Material Class-X

 Multiple Choice Questions

b. Directly proportional to the current through the

Level-I wire and inversely proportional to the distance
1. Overloading occurs due to from the wire.
a. Damage in insulation of wire c. Directly proportional to the distance from the wire
and inversely proportional to the current through
b. fault in the appliances
the wire
c. accidental hike in supply voltage
d. Directly proportional to the current but inversely
d. All of the above proportional the square of the distance from the
2. Which instrument indicates, the presence of magnetic wire.
field? 6. Who discovered magnetic effect of current?
a. Magnetic Needle b. Ammeter a. Oersted b. Faraday
c. Galvanometer d. Rheostat c. Bohr d. Ampere
3. Which is the incorrect statement about the magnetic 7. The pattern of the magnetic field produced by the
field lines? straight current carrying conducting wire is
a. Magnetic field lines form a closed loop. a. In a direction opposite to the direction of current
b. Magnetic field line do not interest each other. b. In a direction parallel to the current carrying wire
c. Tangent to the magnetic field line curve at any c. Circular around the wire
point gives the direction of magnetic field at that
d. In the direction of current flowing through the
point.
wire
d. Outside the magnet, magnetic field lines run from
8. Magnetic polarities of a solenoid can be determined
South to North pole of the magnet.
by
4. If the key in the given circuit arrangement is closed
a. Use of compass needle
the magnetic field lines drawn over the horizontal
b. Right hand thumb rule
plane ABCD, are
c. Fleming's left hand rule
– +
A d. Either (a) or (b)
A B + 9. A soft iron rod is inserted inside a current carrying
– solenoid. The magnetic field inside the solenoid
Long straight
O conductor a. Will decrease
D C b. Will remains same
c. Will increase
d. Will become zero
K
10. What indicates the relative strength of magnetic field
a. Concentric circles at a point in the space surrounding a magnet?
b. Elliptical in shape
a. Length of the magnet
c. Straight lines parallel to each other
b. Thickness of the magnet
d. Concentric circles near the point O but of elliptical
c. Degree of closeness of the magnetic field lines.
shapes as we go away from it
5. The strength of magnetic field around a current d. Resistance offered by the surroundings
carrying wire is 11. Magnetic field inside a long current carrying straight
a. Inversely proportional to the current through the solenoid is
wire but directly proportional to the square of the a. More at the ends than at the centre
distance from the wire. b. Minimum in the middle
Magnetic Effect of Current 155
 c. Uniform inside the solenoid 20. In an electric motor, current is reversed in the coil
d. Found to increase from one end to the other after every half rotation by a device called
12. Fleming’s left hand rule is used in a. Carbon brush b. Commutator
a. Electric generator c. Slip ring d. Armature
b. Electric motor 21. A DC generator is based on the principle of
c. DC generator a. Joule's law of heating
d. Both for generator and motor. b. Ohm's law
13. A current is flowing through a horizontal power c. Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
line from South to North direction. The direction of d. All of the above
magnetic field at a point 0.5 m above it is towards: 22. Earth wire carries
a. North b. South a. Current b. Heat
c. West d. East c. No current d. Potential difference
14. One advantage of AC power transmission over DC 23. Name the instrument that can detect the presence of
power transmission is electric current in a circuit?
a. AC transmit without much loss of energy a. Galvanometer b. Motor
b. AC produces more heat during transmission c. Generator d. None of above
c. AC produces larger voltage during transmission 24. Current can be induced in a coil by
d. None of the above a. Moving the coil in a magnetic field
15. A positively charged particle is moving upwards in b. By changing the strength of magnetic field around
a magnetic field directed towards north. The particle it
will be deflected towards c. By changing the orientation of the coil in the
a. West b. North magnetic field
c. South d. East d. All of the above
16. In an electric motor direction of rotation of the coil 25. Flow of current in a long straight solenoid creates
is determined by N-pole and S-pole at the two ends. Among the
a. Fleming's right hand rule following statements, the incorrect statement is
b. Fleming's left hand rule a. The magnetic field lines inside the solenoid are in
the form of straight lines which indicates that the
c. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
magnetic field is the same at all points inside the
d. None of above solenoid.
17. Which device can produce electric current? b. The strong magnetic field produced inside the
a. Generator b. Galvanometer solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of
c. Ammeter d. Motor magnetic material like soft iron, when placed
18. The instrument which detects electric current in a inside the solenoid.
circuit is called c. The pattern of the magnetic field lines around
a. Electric motor b. AC generator a solenoid is different from the pattern of the
magnetic field lines around a bar magnet.
c. Galvanometer d. None of the above
d. The N-pole and S-pole are exchanged when
19. A.C generator is based on the principle of the direction of current through the solenoid is
a. Force experienced by a charged particle in a reversed.
magnetic field 26. A magnet is moved towards a coil (i) quickly
b. Electromagnetic induction (ii) slowly. The potential difference induced in the
c. Electrostatic coil is
d. Force experienced by a charged particle in an a. More in (i) than in (ii)
electric field. b. More in (ii) than in (i)
156 Equip Study Material Class-X
 c. Same in both 34. An important safety method used to safeguard home
d. Can’t be determined appliances from short circuiting or overloading is
27. Commercial electric motors should not use a. Using voltage stabilizers
a. An electromagnet to rotate the armature b. Using a fuse
c. Using earth wire
b. Large number of turns of conducting wire in the
current carrying coil d. Using electric meter
c. A permanent magnet to rotate the armature 35. The factors on which the strength of magnetic field
produced by current carrying solenoids depends are
d. A soft iron core on which the coil is wound
a. Magnitude of the current
28. If a current carrying conductor is parallel to the
b. Number of turns in the solenoid
direction of magnetic field, then force experienced
by the current carrying conductor is c. Nature of core material inside the solenoid
a. Twice to that when angle is 30° d. All of the above
b. Thrice to that when angle is 90° 36. What material should be used as the core of an
electromagnet?
c. Zero
a. Soft iron b. Hard iron
d. Infinite
c. Rusted iron d. None of above
29. Which are the main characteristics of fuse wire?
37. Right hand Thumb Rule is given by
a. High conductivity
a. Oersted b. Fleming
b. Low melting point c. Einstein d. Maxwell
c. High melting point 38. A periodically varying current is called
d. All of the above a. Direct current b. Alternating current
30. The magnetic field line passing through the centre of c. Pulsating current d. None of the above
a circular loop carrying current is
39. For electromagnetic induction there must be a
a. Circular b. Elliptical relative motion between
c. Parabolic d. Straight line a. The galvanometer and magnet
31. An AC generator can be converted into DC generator b. The coil of wire and galvanometer
be using c. The coil of wire and magnet
a. Split-ring type commutator d. The magnet and galvanometer
b. Slip rings and brushes
c. A stronger magnetic field Level-II
d. A rectangular wire loop
1. Which of the following statements is not true?
32. Inside the magnet, the field lines run
a. The pattern of the magnetic field lines around a
a. From north to south pole of the magnet
current carrying conductor depends on the shape
b. From south to north pole of the magnet of the conductor
c. Away from the south pole b. The magnetic field lines produced by a solenoid
d. Away from the north pole carrying current is similar to that of a bar magnet
33. The factors affecting the strength of force c. Magnitude of magnetic field is directly proportional
experienced by a current carrying conductor in a to the amount of current flowing through the wire
uniform magnetic field are d. Magnetic field produced by the passage of current
a. magnetic field strength through a straight wire is permanent
b. magnitude of current in a conductor 2. An electric motor
c. length of the conductor within magnetic field a. Works on the principle described by Fleming's left
d. All of above. hand rule
Magnetic Effect of Current 157