INTRODUCTION

An Input Device is a piece of hardware that is used to enter data into a computer or content into a computer system. There are two types of
Input, they are:

 Manual Input Devices

 Automatic Input Devices
An output device is a piece of computer hardware that receives data from a computer and then translate that data into another form like
audio, visual, textual, or hard copy such as a printed document.

Manual Input Devices:

 Keyboard
 Tracker ball
 Mouse
 Joystick
 Touch screen
 Scanner
 Digital cameras
 Graphics Tablet
 Microphone
Keyboard: Keyboard is the most common and input device. The standard computer keyboards typically contain 101 keys for inputting
character sets including alphabets, numbers, symbols, or functions. Modern keyboard models contain a set number of total keys according to
their given standard, described as 101, 104, 105, etc. Modern keyboards matching US conventions typically have 104 keys while the 105 key
layouts is the norm in the rest of the world.

Mouse: Mouse is a hand-held pointing input device. A pointing input device enables the user to easily control the movement of the pointer
to select items on a display screen. The mouse is an input device that was invented by Douglas engelbert in 1963.

Types of mouse:
 Mechanical mouse
 Optical mouse
 Wireless mouse

Tracker ball: A trackball is a pointing input device. A trackball is a computer cursor control device used in many notebook and laptop
computer.

Joystick: A joystick is an input device commonly used to control video games. Joystick consist of a base and a stick that can be moved in any
direction.

Digital Camera: A digital camera takes pictures and can usually record video too. The pictures it takes and the videos recorder are been
stored in files. A digital camera may be considered both an input and output device as it can both take pictures (Input) and send them to your
computer (Output).

Microphone: A microphone can be used to input sound. Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.
The microphone is used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music.
Scanners:
A scanner is an input device that scans documents such as photographs and pages of text. When a document is scanned, it is converted into a
digital format.

There are two types of scanners are:

 Flatbed Scanners
 Handheld Scanners

Graphics Tablet: Graphics tablets are often used by graphics designers. A graphics tablet (also known as a digitizer, drawing tablet,
drawing pad, digital drawing tablet, pen tablet, or digital art board) is a computer input device that enables a user to hand-images, animations
and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus, similar to the way a person draws images with a pencil and paper.

Touch screen:
A touch screen is a computer display screen that serves as an input device. When a touch screen is touched by a finger or stylus, it registers the
event and sends it to a controller for processing. Touch screens are easy to use and this often been found in public places, such as banks,
ATMs, etc.

Light pen: Light pen (similar to the pen) is a pointing device which is used to select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor
screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small tube.

Automatic Input devices:

Examples of automatic input devices:

 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (M.I.C.R)

 Optical Character Recognition (O.C.R)
 Optical Mark Reader (O.M.R)
 Magnetic Stripe Readers
  Barcode Readers

Output Device:
An output device is a piece of computer equipment that takes data from one source and coverts it into another form.

Examples of output devices:

 Monitors
 Printers
 Laser Printers
 Ink-Jet printers
 Plotters
 Speakers

Output Types:
Softcopy is an electronic copy of some type of data, such as file viewed on a computer’s display like Monitor, LCD etc.

Hard copy: It is a paper that has the required information mostly a printed version of information.

Printer: Is a device that can convert a soft copy into a hard copy.

Monitor: A monitor (or screen) is the most common use for output devices. A computer monitor is an output device that displays
information in pictorial form. The picture on a monitor is made up of thousands of tiny colored dots called pixels. The higher the number of
pixels, the better quality of the output.
Printers: A printer is an output device that prints paper documents. This includes text documents, images, or a combination of both. There
are two types of printers:

 Impact: Printers-Impact printers form images and characters by striking a mechanism such as a print hammer or wheel against an
inked ribbon. Examples of the Impact Printers are Dot-matrix printers, Daisy-wheel printers, and line printers.
 Non-impact Printer: Non-impact printers don’t use any direct contact between ink ribbon and paper. They used Technologies
such as laser, electrostatic, chemical, and inkjet. Examples of the Non-Impact Printers are Inkjet printers and Laser printers.

Laser Printers: Laser printers are used in many workplaces because they can print a large number of sheets very quickly and they produce
high quality documents. Laser printers are quite expensive too because there produce a high quality expensive too because there produce a
high quality of output and quiet fast. A laser printer is a popular type of personal computer printer that uses a non-impact (keys don’t strike
the paper), photocopier technology.

Dot-matrix Printers- A dot matrix printer is an impact printer that prints using a fixed number of pins or wires. Dot-matrix are the first
type of printers that had been used at homes and schools but now as the technology goes on they are not used much how a days. Dot-matrix
printer is noisy and low quality.

Ink-Jet Printers: An inkjet printer is a popular choice for home printing needs. They create images by precisely spraying thousands of tiny
ink droplets onto paper, similar to how TV and computer screens render images through clusters of thousands of pixels.

Plotters: A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is used for printing vector graphics. Plotters are a type of printer
which is able to draw a high quality images on a very large pieces of paper. The paper were about 3 foot wide and 10 foot long. Plotter are
been used by engineers, architects and map-makers to draw plans of buildings, diagrams of machines or large scale maps.
Speakers: Speakers are one of the most common output devices used with computer systems. Speakers are transducers that covert
electromagnetic waves into sound waves. The speakers receive audio input from a device such as a computer or an audio receiver.