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Probability For Gate

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PRANSHU kr Singh
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31 views81 pages

Probability For Gate

Probably this is very usefull

Uploaded by

PRANSHU kr Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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clnccmate. FTNTRODUCTION. ° me Ht Rovousable casen # total cascs E shah | 2ett . - fng bsoceas. ci Bs So . font] | 2. wheneves use urfte P(x) Xanubbeansvent el Probesties ct Samble Sbace Ca): Li is_tist ol all bosshle autcomes - tnex_oulcomes, ; 4 Samble sbace has Js be estively) exbasstive seb 1 4 : Ex. oy A novsea Histeeea ha sun in a yace : {) Onder fn uohfth bosses Pats : | : ~ “ \_pew i Hove + Pe ae erst — 2: o)\ 7} novser_ + (3) Hove, of As\ 2nd postlins oo | 254 Vege ; | So, sowble share debends om dy desired sutcarne ——7 t exten on ell, | a Lob | —| PCauar= PCA) + PCB) We Com ontencl ‘it ox such + = {4S.9..85, 5} Be > PC suse 3: \ = PCS) + P Ce) 4 PCSa)¥ + PCSm) A TP ond. Se then fo« PCe) = & PCs) + PCsy) + + PCsq) = PCad § snowld be soititen | > mx PCS) = as PCEs¥) lous 2 PCs) = 4 abuse csnotat ion | nn 4 + et ole we 42 of + = 36 Ss ! Q exe [Xere)s (25), Ca.) {teas (ua), (6.2), (6, VN a " = 6 = “PC Sume = fo Co = i | owing f si i ‘z fal t-. oO: i S Seco a Pear: gt og a Find (4 1a 6) tr. =. c ‘ cea a a ‘7 eli FS PCOS V6 nus 2760 1. | Cpe k, 5 TE ae PCL) FP Psy) i +2 Mutually ex clusty y Events ase just set of outcomes, €0 opr void on sels ave Valfd on events of coe. claccsitte Fisst cheek? Pcaty) 770 ZPums p+ t+ 4 A oa eae ae aye Nadid_dfstte is = P02)» PCu + PCEY te > f+ tt WY oret Ben ot LM Sees | f lust PZ Fox kone events, EF ¢F, such that EaAFEd PCeue) = + PCE) - PCE oft lols PCEUFUG)= PCE)+ PCE) + Pm) - PCE OF) = PCENG) - PCENG) + PCENENG) De Moxgan f(eom)= pCEne) =| s_P ( CEAF)) = P CELE) Comblement PCE= 4-ePce) “urtti’ 5 thak ovdex 1 of oe Sng of T th “his_means—given_the typing oj —Tthe— FF a e & w Yam" fs _pigher than Nes,” PComiz) > P Cin tr) | ew, ap urgedlts “ i a © solo LE frst , & 9 [ Pp Fees Fe ay= q (6.3) , Caer, Cus), Csiy), J | { Stee wieolseady Kono sum fs 9, ie seduce 4 f Gus Sonlle Shace to, ery Anose. outcomes sahfth —7 jj spice knmon_ewth Csuut Aa nea ala, ane 7 + 4 4 clncseate. fa. Family has dino _chflden. tere Interested fn theta! Oy mdexs.. _Oux Samble space fx y A= ACG MOVED, CHG CRBYY Agsume oll ousteomen oe _eqwoiliy sfehyy (a) FR wo A sls, TI 10. 2, Ds < CGe), Ce GY PCBoth Gils | 2m feel) = | (p) Prob of thot child _gfsts given Ot Jeaxt one child % Gt. | = { (4G), Ca.as Gis | PC Bam gists atleast one girl) = ~ t x iS —s ox vouralle . @ outlrames bared on Tha Th fon ola bili Nv Nw t—hubheniing | event &, and PCB) >O, PCAiBy= PCaned PCB) Fe | = -_ ey saree il ! Poe)o 4 BxPG)= R but 2.0Ce) she 7 Bi PO) x tor 1 * Pee vg Mulitpfeatiies Rule > Fxcom Cond. Probability PCcAigy= PCA ne)’ pce) PCAMB)= PCaray PCO) te Wk keh CH) => P CBA) PCAY Fox P CanBnac) = PCA Bc) PCaAnenc)= PCA\ enc). PCenc) => PCAnB Ic), PCc) > Pceic). P BAL Bnc\ 6 PCC) fe = Bin). P Co lang Similax by n PCa8.C.D) = PCAY. PCaIAy PCcla.a), P Cor aso,c) Ea. Chak it PC Ales) = Pleneetp) ——_P eto) LHS+ P Canencne) P Conn) Russ $0 Seaconiiven | [ PC Spelt ay seen pet fx. Check 2 PCAetlyy2) = PCAgcuty.2) P Cxty zy RUS: PCagc xyz) / fey Zz) PCxyz) / Pye) => P Capcl oz) Ex. Some prob, can be coxftien tn diff, some, PCA. GClyy7) = PCA BIC, v1.2) PCx yz) LCA B.C, x ie | YZ) PCa ee. x \yiz) > PCa cy, z 1x) PCy zy) AERA Ea, Te oll fc > = Find _PCaia) IQ\= 3¢ A= 4 (314), 4,2), 13), Ca cas ).ca.¥ Be Brady 62.2), C09), Coy), Cops) 2d, C3020, C29, 65129, AQB= gee en ance ae Com_be_cxcaled fax the eapextment From oimode, abl thy oS = reat wut gaing hxonchd’ si Z must “be 1 branch Heve 2 branche ‘ obamtty Ol Fe ee Sum O-S1O.8= 4] se Ane. coad) $i 5 pro! \ smokes you GY uditn Oo. probe Probe of Som heing conch today 1 OE clncemate. Ex. Ona Sun dor, M307, 1 | _Comedy.‘/epecle_skipping_ads axe 207.287. 1st. sesbecttucly, PG fcKel_& a Me © ™ Sa e ad) = ° os Ad oS = > Oacd2S > i ee a / Bot By PAA FEBIASY = FORE) POO Ay PBs, 2 PCAs), PCOrI Aa) = PCAa ned | “Say 63 BS PCAa)> PCRal Aa) = PCAan Ba) | Ex. i sis fs AS% accawote, fe. there's —__ 0.98 pseb. thed Jerk shows 4ve 2 you're acl SmPected. ___ Oud 095 byob, teat ehaos ve & Youare mot 4 Subbese these ae only 1 Te ‘nferkesd beable ortS = Ae beat Inf, = oo 105% ~ ve test ° peg ve et Not Inf. ong = ve test 4 O) PC no Taf | +vetest: Et 4, P Cavetest) na - f - a, (not inl I l _ Pave test? * | > oax orbs a _Osot X 09S ¢ o.NaxQos 4 | > 44 Tis means thal probe cf mot nevigg Inte Te sohen teat shows ive Ts vesy high, uoeKet 4 PCat) + PCnot ta}) = 1 > PCanf jvey H PONE TaP ave) 1 +* ll PCrnblaveyi=) y= PCNob TP Lave) 4 I > 1 - 94 I 7 us 1 } || >a T ns | pror_uoluly teat Ps yve J Wofoxily, will be mon- {ul 2 ince J ] Gn count. oT oes —Se._{som in tical _o|_bechie wy PCele)=4- PCec(F) bit | pCe)* pCec) =y > PCele) + PCESIFY= YG | M2: pCeme) + eCecne) - ece > _| = - ! L> Fo Tesne > PCE) eg | PCF) ‘| : 7 Relea = LM: — : | PCE\E) ee CESIE) = Ke ee? © = “ 1 aE = eee r re Re | ) "Ds Ee 2) PCE.F ie) = PCe Fle) Luss PCEMENE) = PELE) PCF) Rug PCenene) = PCered PCE) clicsmate. Bete (Q 0) | —— | . fx. eas ph a & on Br a. Z z L ji ae. etc ar @ | Oe Las Pea) ! ys P Ce. VAL) 2 P(e Ane) “existence I Ciccle Rebveaents + P Com Bal Ar) Ex. Show that # POs 0 the P CA@IA) » PCAS laut). PCAmeIA) =~ PCANB }AUB) | SP Caney ~> UP CAaen caves) | PCA) PCA ue) | =P Cans) PCAUR) Sfne P(A) < Pcauey oA } 4 Pca) PCA UBY = __Prane) PCA apy Pony Pcave) ae PCx) 2 O A So. PCxiy) %O &) Nocmalizat inn I PC.2) Bay So, | PCo\x) = 4 (3) Evol sivity Giver AANBR= & PCAUB)= PCA) + PCB) So, PCaAveix) = PCAIY) © PCA) MD) Tep: PCavey {S) Bemoygon: Ve PCAIX) FE PCelx) + P CAneix) PCAqea))x) = BP 4 - P CCR UA) Ix) Divide & Conger Subpose even A \ py P| r fh — B= Cine) vy (Ar np) Vase CAn/n 8) SS > pCe= PCasng) t Ptasn&) tase + PCAN) l = PCA O80Ashe) | O since all Ataxe pairwise exclusive =__PCR)= PCBMALY + PCRM AD) + ees + PlaN An) I Ex. haw. & ah oT hence. unit m_foh, << a —Sstributfin) PChed) = 4 O48 ee m2 \ oF fa. You enter Pe poypes Toa. agit a neat set ployer is O.U_& ggafnst the semaiining quater, 0.5. wi = Choose o player —>4 ainad: i i De Sa yey UD ~ m °. Ce PCUD) = _Oesx O-% 10.254 0-U 410.254 Oe PCLY= _O-5x0.4 40-28% 006 4 0625x025 Peay, PCa tas), PCA) PC BNAz) % we want: PCAs 1 Bi) > PeaiB) > PCA NB) = PCA)x PCetwAr) PCB) Pad Peta + PCa) PCBAAa ) clsccrte 7 2 Baga. By: 3k 18 Bot 10R 15m A_bag ts chosen at xondom_s then a bol is Picked, ii b, 9 No. ‘ it tnt isto to. be Baas sige tiie batt | ja s80—etaasenn 2 i Chafach event: Selesl Bag — Cp ori 4) [Cae 4 ax Sos) { oF AB 7 Mis ats ta th. xe f = He soy 4. Sk a 2g VE Re pots I CAs 1 EO NRE : [| 2 No ! [ iL ri L i is Rep + 1 se J . WS Rept tas Se Xs saat tcp | PC 6) Beet) = “fe ts , 5 porte 26 Mis 6 (- : weep tS classoute [én YX sludfes either n eae eee Cs today, then dudying M meal day te O.6. A fata a ining Mtedag.—then prob ol studying cy 8 i 3 es ny 9 Ml) CALE cs wea = cs tue b > z 2. A F| hh § PCcs wed | Cs Mon) = O-Ux OG + O16 X OLY — =. Ou 1 | (she feeb. of siudyfng Cs ox M next doy. dchends en on Ane died bed. Nolet In “Tece method. Ua sum_e| alt probe st a level Sia A B 4 ro VaWee Leif t-S a ese Lit Pears PCAY= L2e PCBNADA PlmBNAD + y+ AD => PCA) + PCA) >a claccoute eS SN Ew. te Ly sb ffeted Tat asettaie fo a0 > fafected peste. eo */e_oseucake fas -nen—TnP & pechte. Gain teal thave shal lps til a etton > ing nay See ted S30 ee i Baye Ve Text l = © ~ve teat Pp Cant | evetest) = 0-01 ¥ 0.9. J oiostoa.si0.anvo.0L I > 0.436 classmate >) ea a] “Tndependent Events Somelfmex tino events ase mot delendenl on cach other, ox dine events aren't cond? tfinal on omnes, Late PCara) = PCA) 7 80 OCA NB)= PCAY« PCB) PCanad= 6 Since Canar=¢ So. given thal A ha» occuced prob, of & hapfesiocs 0 Su PCB 7O, so Ff bmb. ot A babbeatag” debends n_habbeniing al BA En. aR Axe Ax ® fndebendent? Pcareo,g PCB) = 0.4 PCA OB)= 0,12. PCANB) = PCA) PCR) Yea, Sndehendent. Another 204 - dhinkin, Ag event B being [cb independent that tk both ee ously then all_com ib 3 PCcs alte: Les sday) = 1 vo. x0.6 £ O-Yx 0.0) — > 6 eves 7, For that to halen PCanp) = PCA). Pca) Lis: PCAnay =o f. Tf eftheceme ov bath of PCA) ©. PCO) axe 0, then Yesa clascoute levven: PAO) = PCAD, PCB) Te feaves PCANBY = Pray, | uket A = (Ane) vu _ (a ne) ecay= PCane’) + PCAng) - P Cane’ anne > pray = PCanet) + PC. PCs) Coane) = ecay [i- ecey) > PCAmea)= PCA). PCED So, Th A+ & fndbe then As 8 indb, then ASB indb then, AS ef imap, Fox three everia A B.C, A PCy n@)= pcadece) PCAnC) = PCA), PCC) Cenc) = PCa), Pcc) £ PCAnenc)= PCAS, PCB). PCC) then As BC ore fndebendent ps, Ay, sua Ano be indehencentallcorbtnalina of |__deng! eeu hor tn he %ndehendent Peay= Slu> ta 7 pews Ya eco) = te PCaney= Pcp) = AB Y= 1 PCA) PCa) = PCANc) = PCA).PCe) = Nc) + DP Ce}= PCand= 4 PCa) eccd= 4 y Lo Yer potiunise fadb, Pp (AOE Co) e 1 PCA), Pop). Poe) = a 3 “a—Newsnat fndebendenee, clacemate. Ex. “Ties Cofns tos AL Be 48 toss fs Head 2 toss te Head Vs aw a lent indebendent Kourfse Endependences For a collect cl m events Cn 4). axe K-usfse | fndebendent i Sakis Hes . PCE. 9 Ea Ea neeMEx) 2 Pearce Reet fe) Fox dune voles of KK, 24 Kiem 4 eecrem a Keke © _Kébipang Snths dean! a = @) Ke- Fi ; : ! : ne PCRIANc) = PCeIc) iT | h- i | t fy c) = oe PC | | PCAIBY= PCA) | PCAlB)= PCa) => Peainay= PCB). PCa) Le t i. 9 No ABove gfe Tndb. of C ot eB P-CA.o\e) Ge. = PCr) p he, cop folent (A) Pp Cale) = Pony (&) PCa\Be)= pCa) |) Pater) = PCA te) weet A sat PCAIBE) © PCAmIE) = CCAte) eCetes P Cele) : ecerme =>_P CALE) ee (C) Given _A4& axe Fond. af on Cy then AXBS ase alsa find ain . Toca ecareca) | d Lecnaiey = PCA\c) ecerc) | Nefihey fuspptfea dis other, ue Cafven PC Aa .C) = PCC) PCatc) PC AIC) a ndj. diver. 0.2 PCagpic) = PCaAnencd ec) => PCaicy PCBIC) Yes ino F tetpe gfeen © A) PCangnc) = PCaic) PCaic) PCc) ) Pra More) =P Calpe Prare) PC) ~~ Be} Hat mp tndebendena Ce) P CAMS) = PCAYPCR) (oy P CABic) = PCAIC)PCa\c) = En XT} Avec ave %_P coven. tn eo AaB _gfven P Care) _ buss I PCananc) Rey = PCAY PCB) pce) = Poy Peay Pc ew) “Kue, PCanercy = PC pic) L s H . t Russ Pcang. iC) = Peay. Pee PCR), POC) = PO | Pee ee Pee) PCC) . Ex. Cin “Tass se So din RV 2 af a XCuy= 4 ¥¢T=U Ta Random Variable” %s a misnomer fe we vortte X=4, tstead of Xcuye 4 X=\ fs a gel such that, {wl xcor=L¥ Sfuflor\y X62 dwl Xt) <6) = duty Any condition 0 9 xandom vasfoble fs aset. wt Se PCKEL) wood emcan PF (Lule xCor=1¥) => PCduy) 2. Conditfons en Random Novioble axe events Ex. Dice Rol) (Fat die) _Outcomt Ploy X 1. ¥=tm day mn We 4 Pees) = PK igy) = 26 2 Me 4 Pexyuy= [Ka,5.6¥) = Sve S| te + PCxciy= PC¥)=0 4 th 4 Ss) 4a 6 1% + we ie PCyru)=o n 7 | ¥ +#—Since ev fsa fine, X2.2-2@ Joc ie values a thed, { the seh X50 4 X=b ave qhoaus di foSnt, ti if { S | Since Ry fs 0 func.’ every) Value fn the clomain (2) hy L r sk Smo 4 ny ene 7 €Q | f 2) WED A Xew)zah a 4 l n1e_Afsfofnt wilwe a 4 X(eo)-b¥ ‘ xt R ‘ = take Voluer Kis ka denim’ then. f the Set’unfon Akekr) 7 sa Daw PCx ny) = OCKY) = PCKY) classmate. Since X= Q & X=b axe exchusive, so P(xsq U x=b) = PCKeo) 4 PCK=n) ._PCyew\= 5 PCyee, X= k) where kf ay ca: 2 Plyex\= PCyex Oo =a) + PCyen Nysb)a., + PCYex, %=k) Ex. “uso Cofn Te % outs N X= number of by ods after both toss Xi= # heads on {frst Mute Xo= # heads on Secon Hip. Plxeo\= garmin PCx=1) + Px) =P (4H, THY) 4 Pore) > Ay + diye ayy PCx+yn <2) © P Carta =0) + PCxwee=a) @ A ds define Y= X04 ya Outcemd x Xa Le POasoy= Perry) = 4 cet | loo | POs ¥peg) = PC Gat ty) = 27y wT | 4 ota So PChrta <2)= Sy. Tu | 0 4 4 eile. | 0 116 xX 2 y G < 2 Se 4 , | Pexy | Arse ae he Mae Spe eae Ge Ye | Ye Yay ae Ex. Casco x ! Si} 4 Everyinfng S210 solo bles equatis ve Sala i sul O Sly | sly © PCx _PCysoyeP (zen) + PCKeL) Plz) dee fndb. > pe + Gee) Gi-c) futon by Plyes\ = PCxso, zea) + Plxey, Zea) =P ptr-cy + crpye 3 ° a Prey [restr | eareyy e-pre £4. Comaider ste 8 YX ¢ Y, sohere belocatable gives ste {efit prob. dist. (Yea Mey) + _O sd ol WG My Meg G) PCxso, very = t/q | Ce) PCxso, vy gyy = Me ty “e+ Mg 40, 8) persoy= % Crty-o, yd) = sO (4 Plys2)= SF plea, Yeo) = Ve + < leey Povey \ yoo) = PC x=0, ye=1) y PCx=0) S) Axe Xs Y ee fadelendent “Ta—prove Xa Y are findbs. welt have te sho Nay P C¥ea yeu) = Ptyex) PCyey) P(x=0) = “Shy PCvb=0) = Tay POye2)= Fay P (x=) = **/oy Plyesy = Sha P (420, v=o) = Ye PCxso)e PCyys6) = M/55 WH No. XY acen't Eadb. = x of Fénd PCy <2, yo) * 8 Xs y pes hers sface_napheaiycf Le one deern't alert Aashaphentog ah cine, | ly 1 = x 2 PCx <2, yay * D> PCx <2), PCyry \ Se Pra era) claccoate. a Yar & iw Efnd Co, titadsee¥n) Given? PAu ka area kb O) PCXis ko pen Ym VC) = PCKIC), PCxe1C) FCxn\c) > PC xe Yo KS Xn. Cy= Pec). PC¥EIC PC¥miO pce) => PCKiy yo, xno) = PCC) PCx1C) P Cys tc) > pec) TH PCy 1c) cere PCxnic) &x. [eimnary Symmetsf Channets 1 Ze toy PRcx-o= \ PCyso)= € X€ do. —6)— Ye 40.3 Y2¥O7 1. YszZacetndb. Pind Plysy) ——X ¥ © 9 e. PCveo)= PC X20, ZO) + P (xen, 220) © i © o ++ PCyeyy = PCx20, 2-1) | PCvet ZO) 4 4 is.10 \ A 4 L oD Pew penceprteey [pirerrer-eve Find PC y= 41 X29) P(yeOtkso)= PC y-oy-0) = Hep frpede fae af _ P Cx =) : 8 My do find PRCx=0,¥=0) PCy=0, ¥-0)= Plyeo, x@z2=0) DS Plx=o, 0@z=0) > P Cyd, Z=0) > P Cx=o). B PCZ=0) > XE PCB ysolxro) = P (¥=0.N X20) PCx=0) M2: Wehave to. Dead PCyE0, X=0) PCx=o) : ; f Ped bay | Ftvey) Sfnce_we Know X=ohu _ i S KE + hopbened we el\fmfnate but KE + Cre) = s 2 it 2 4 i x Oe) & veduex ; sample space _ al ie kfoewe Vy | a5 a leroerey | | LL l 7 Cire be Ze Gy ified wy | New Prob. lene by, eee of s Vs Vee AY Peo lyse) = € le Fand _P Cv y) 2 Pp (x=0,¥=6) 4 PCX=4, Yeo) => P(x=0, o@z- 3) + PCe-1, 192-0) > _PCxso,zey) + PC Kea zt) > P Cz=1) = Ci-€) hs \ A RM X fs \cadled \pop wdlen Na\PCt=x) 4 by I? ab B es Fr. Subbose Yi for i=.2.9 axe e fei.2.9, DePfne onothes &V Ply=olxa=0) 9 x | | . y PON) Cy=0\xa= ' ° © © "9 > PC y¥-9, x3=0) ; ol io 4 \ “e Plxged) Onley o © a D> Pl %y,O@O=0, vac) | Piva). oO 4 4 A Vg => P Cx Ko=O, Xa =O) / PCr s=0) | aaa o | % >> PCuxseO) Plva=0) / Pivsied). {| o | 4 oe => PCt ¥2=0) Ae sel, a |e 2 Plu snsses0) +P Ceo, x28) ae o | % + Penstsesro) Serer “Th Rye, Xa) Yop ua kn xe independent —then-ansy ag) x eu. -actined om them Oe iia 1 Latta» OS “eicke, | Lose nlioindsbendent lit Li tasmuta aati foc clscoute ‘ pp cendiacnas c e fal intl r \| fa. = Set at student Gt 9 > Gosnden Wh Bc OF Discrete H: QO —> Hefant Esoky toworg) Continuous WO.= 41,2 @ Plny~ 2°" ZG) = 9 44 4 4 4 wy 2 ae ar Tey n ler vor x. ec y= 7 L% foto 4, Ci: mi % Eeabatility Mass Function. — f nite i discrete RV iy PME Ee | bt Bs Check if jan gfen fines is PME tox ev Xs PCkea)= 942 for DE 1.2345 25 PCxea)= PCx=2)= Sy P&a)e5 = Peyeweg PCyes)= 2 d= $5 +3 rs 2s 2s da P C¥= a) 70 = PCy¥en) = 4 PPMF fx valid Sicha lu Given of ey fer eoth oulcome find Xx PCx), 8, For cach possible value of XK, coltest 9 PCY ob all tne : cudcemes uo, such thay ¥ Cury= o, bn. Ge “Tuon ecin top. Kt Nevo neadg, 2 Cute. | x | PCr oun | 2 |My ete Qi [2 %jeviad) cf My Pex) | Ava este a] & hy i. TH j tr lo | Pre 2 Plea) =) Nia Pl yen) %O. classmate EC@ubee) = a age P= xt) 24 Cros a4 a ‘ Saal etal, = NxX3.5 » Average er Nt 7 vs 4,2,4,5,2,3.2,6,.5 Avg= digrpesvaras 21615 = ques oxguauseorareed a a . + 4x6 a a We ind ol : Pelle 2 eco)s 3 pead= 1 pf) = Peg y= 7 4 a 1. + a Oe A ety Avg. Scove= yes 2ey = ay v0 & PCuje ¢ ecty= 4 & Ane veal brobalt is = Pcwys 4 PCr)s 4 2 2 i “+—EOX)™ ser y ory ous = tn len rane classoute. ECy) = 2 ax Pex) x 7 len. Suppose RV ten uith PCxe met here M20. S.2 sau Ecxy= Ye js O+ 4 4 oe 4 3 no go AGP sevfer but GP bart doen't Start uoith a 2 des 4 aN \a of —_— VV? v a? fie => |f- rs <= (ey Bate a eee = | : o kx Subposs ue wella die, Ft Cx* sre AE pcx | x1 rt) E02)= 1 (as wasigrese 36) 6 Me 1 | 4 % area Gi “%@ [a \|% se 2s | % ola le |¢ 2 B y [te fie 1% S 6 % 3 [4 slg 1 etna C49) a eae ee pile ln K*| pee) ol Slo o | ts aE txt) = ge s Alen 1 | *le 2] “614 ui *o — WK E(y)= Yx-PCYy) 3 r | SE vs BCX) whexe ye Y ate both gv, |_ then EM) = 2 2 Boys x Peon) fx. Prev. cramble Ey?) = Core tye y Xan sot te y = s > Ti meoke Iufuitive senge. tex % ju t st ¥ te fox omy Y PC¥=y) =zeC rear) exe XP 4 t AJex aniston off ' ce E (a+b) = Exit E Cx, exo) = CK VEE CK2) fe ECoxsby = ot EQ) eb E(ax) = ox E¢x) Ecxy = = Pirea)e © > Elaxsb)= 2 Plxen). Caktb) x > Fax. PCxen) + PCx-2) xb | x ea t S oF Pree) + sep lL I > QECK) tb Ex. Sdew i su 2 Gis, corsertbyy ax. On8¢ 0.8 sesh. Pst foe Q. & Q ave $iwoe | ysce verbs y, i : 7 | 3 fosst ques. omauneved teveng, you don't get to attembt Seton and _pait ine cea bn snaibthe expected £813.82) (aa.04) oe, 4300 os 2 OE | os iE ice AP. ee oats E Ceetze) = 200%6,816.5 4 inovo,3 «0.5 ECP) = Q,SkO8 KINO + OSKQrx200 — > 160 > 140 Fe iy) Comat, ] = ¥ a © ‘ = hLoan of “Total E aber ation ~ ECxy= Exx pead + £2 p(s)» \ eo A le Ll nase : l _ = 6 Ci - & 02) : oe t woe usa. 1 i Net € Cis) : Eee) Fevan = 2 Not é Cots) ¢ we veslaxt Se we sitll need E O4) olla, t | 4 4 Cxd= fay sg) + 5 (ECR +4) 5 {é 4] = a) > PEt) = leo. « th Maz, a 64 x | reas 7 Me 6 Ca) 1 ty, wt 5, NC ae baal ss NT ve kt) 2 |Meen Ti Pook cus) 3 | sare % 4 ft 4 [Grex 4 a see POAGP sith Ge Swe 4 4 de I + we ase l j {| Begg eee | nooo ra > hae Coe 20 i Mae Loekat 4200 sent laghens tembts oS se Endl ae hi po 16s atol eecy oe Gen I eae I Gr) ty | 2 Not CaN oc 7 fies We'll have Exped, number of ities oiqed ECsendg ccessf uly) = Oaseie ocss Cee) E = 0.3510654 OSs he Q nN J Given + PCay= sapere | at Ces —j N WO) GVA Cae | N | EGA = E Carn P(x=a) + ECA)E PHA) > axa e Cire) (rot) | ! - Te = eB G-4) aa | | 2LE = i | |] Ca : T i] | Z 4 rg ~ AM Cites) tases) E= fb Cat Bry gy 41s Es) Ea: “tosses fox Ma _ox ttf Moe _alscady Wave th Eo: “sce lox Hut o> for eat Hea te & TT cao. fe Ei= sya way ~ Eau Care 3 2 2 4aten) > Ey = ar 42Carci) > yers rarer 2 ey = bege2 eo = tte 2 £2) ATT i oe eee Ee x SNS | — TCH, & 1) SQ 7 Mae — XN | Xt Nesol_togs ex os “tue _guccenive some oulcome, 1 x x_| Pee) [ ~ 2 | @.s%x 2 | ~ | 3 | to.s)3 x9 [ ~ I M_ | cos 2g ae Ecx)= 27 nx (o.3)" wee L L aeLl x0.s*s aross4.. | : | fa. Some ox ost by: THEY TT Crewimet) CStep) Cr0@) ECs Cae) Es: Give Mes tbat: ori 1) H Say 4 so a. £5 O-S¥ i + 0.5% Cit Ey > Er, s 2 AA = SS B= (teeyxost Cdie)xo., ewe Sse 22 See aeay at Eo, Some o, Jord but, either HTex TH Pn Carey Eat Given tt, eatal 7 ese ca) Gor Given BT, erp. to get HT ox TH Ey: fiutlosly x= 2 - To: He ek : . = Be oS Cire) teste Haren Nase 23 Ey= OS 14 OS Cries) Eas a2 3 el eceal Czy [Cay] ox Cay] =A Cayt CME : os + ots Leog 1C2)* [5 Cor] Gy fox ey eteys = Presa) : } F(x <0)=0 t FE Cx24)=4 = I Fco.5) = £2. ~ ux (my Pc25)=0 Tl © LEO Cay : : Fex) = Sely)" sa saee “*G)", zeae 5 tex (ays Sau mach Fisy= 0.25 FC2)= 6.6) EF (ajo 6.83 ECua i {[ o , wey O.25, m=1 E(x)= ee 1 saeo _e pcxy= | 0.36, geo O61, 96963 0.22, g=3 I oss SB £5-0)" + Co-oy%s(s-0)* » 2 > Si = 7 = 3 | 7 fe g a co 7 4 : Given some dato botnet aia. an + 3 : Fabs tvge Fay Naw, = Eng ai) - I may nat | IL Gfven probability dfet CUs-se-ot-ns w x4 20 x NG) = E (fx-eeT*) = eta) x (x- e)* > sk (cu* + ¢3-00% + C2-0y%4 + Cur-oy) > 6.66 2_Noxfornce fs cyiven by, one ECE y- ent) > £( tye. oxetsy+ cord) > Ey) = £ C2xeo)4+ ECE u)") 4 2 E¢x*) - 26) EG) + ECR) \es Ex) s ECKM are } 2 EC) - B(x) const. = Nicx) = Cx) - ECx) fa. Colo. Mean» Novfance fox t = I —. 4 i 2 a) = L 7 pew! “to hp he ho __*t0 : SS tp, —a hess “le = ] E(x) = Fa. fixed) = uss 2434 By sues nse, 2 Ste Lar ao L Ex?) = F at Ptyen) = se Seas Sey sues a Z 16 : e +s 16 > 10.9 “ (xy = Cy?) - Bex ES > 0.2 -4 . I P3400 { IT] 4 Sine vosionce fo the neon) sqaxed atstance r Us a\isoys 0 [ ) \iCox\= a2 Cx) No» %) > Cx) Ty a 7 faxsh) = o2VCex) —. win Vout a= NCKi) + Vxe) if is Xense fash —~ NV (xy %2) = NG)» ¥C- x2) p 2 Ncw) + 9" V (xe) D> Von + VOR) an kf NAGE A 2. DEC rea)? = HE Ce egy? | ex. \I Caxit bX2tc) , coheve X18 ave % > oXy) + 4 NG@ DS PVC + EVER) Ywondaxd Deviation —____. | vex =o? then Sid. Dey, = = Jv) | Discrete RY. 2, Sn = “There ote come, dfatst ee * hence thease ox's_ssanecl«———__ © fu, esision 4 Cob TK cele pewetn pre t/a So, T can just csoote a cee RN Xs Nossl heady ‘in K lnssen > ¢ then aive {i Weaduin RN ox HeadWin Dfst % Ll PCsuccem) = 6 = te Le] Pp Cfoibuse) = 4- _pCsuccess) Le ote ee = u of culco: | Besnaulhi Ecx) = peas U-p)xo = p ad) Nixy= 0") = E.G) 2p = p* =? px tsp) r = Bemnoisitt BN | Ptxy= } =a (op), X= 0 | Binomiol RV Repealed fndebentent tvfals of Bernoulli Bo, ony @M X such Shot X fa definecl as sne- af successes ——— wovile bearing. on_teéiat Insp. viola suck: lal fox enc tetal Pony {2 a Ket Cs -p)a X20. con he caled_a Birnrsi a PCH) = PCT) = 4/2 Ex. 310 coin bessep, Xt Noe ot heads r0-K PCken) = “cy x oh x Cap) Soy m=5 4 K=2 then _P T= pe ins nat Orin Ss oe Coe Fock teas i find. => PCuinast) . Porte), PCte 34) mo. of cl _puprimenls where =2 Ht 56, 2. PCueoy= Sox pep G=pry Gp) Gp) Csuccess) = ee = I uccess ty tth Ny Re yHeket X th omc} surrenes mbit ls | A= ki + yo4 + kn, a | go, i [ecoe Foose ee : a A | > pe ps pa p ms => ap | 2 E cx) = | M2. a E tx) = Fo yo ae 2 Kx CK x phe (1p) wo. Ky t, K™ow = cde oren ei o ae => > mn Creer pS ep + 9 Ke - shot see Koy Kes2 sO ken d yen Be eee Weo . 7 (eel > (prq)”* x on =p. p N(x) = Nexis) © Cre) + Vira) + Vin) 2 nx (px 1-99) | = mp Ci-p) *! Krave fndbe ke, Given a hosh table win. Siolg, & chen=chaining © Jee soy Xai o| lems in an_axkityny slot, soy St ECx) 1 mos of flemg fa tue ole p= probe ot fier to gp lo aii@l bbe sat = */n yer?" Nem mabe lot K zt, E(k) = £Cx.) 4 ECk2)4eo5e EC¥m) Sot = _ 30, one wVenaay £2 Given a hoah table ust i : i — = Xs Naw ol embty_siclz S = Ecx) + Epes ach ely ai Ez ot = = S\__ gm stot ts embty = »—othersise . [~~ i = | Ee X= Xie vot peg + Xn, |_- ! Frob. thal "ict fs embry after mitems axe nsesbed. , = | i ~~» {4 +y — i | | - | iv | i: The proto. of getting ¢ outol on successes. tas ; S mn prob of cee ipouid) be 5 P Caucces ) = ~ n a a Mebiocuccets os thine mye ptsuccess) = a 4 PCxe2) fg macufmum, Pofiasan RV A_gV X fa Passon SO diatrtlnlin th tht. sieilax be imommfial RV sith _m-se_ *& p20. te 1 6, 5 3. x tr stat [ PCx 0.29% Avg. moeel accent 2, 2doe =2x 2= y H 2 Az=4y. Xi noe od, accidents: Fr dara, Pla) = soa = 0149. 1 oa polfenl fn Go min = 6 Og Patient tm domin= 6 yao = 4 DP Cxea)y= ek qt TT Cit) Ak deoat 3 RiGkotey ese ( ecee oy 4 PCxey + Plc y) tM —palfent axdves belere 14 us ar Lime bexfad = 1S min | ugit palin fo 46 onfn= 6 yis= sea s I PCxe1y = 4 - P (xs0) | 2a. ett eqs ol [ 2 OVE. | Moke sure Anal Jb fntewol for A 2 asked finteswal -mololinn, Ex. A= 2eehmp [hy axked (nlerval = 30 mins. bfsmodch, Convert & A= 2 430 coins) goming = 4 cotn | 30 -win bo 4 | hen I Uniform Dicxete RV. ARV X hos Xda: Pexry= K T} Weece ave mn values . lI | €x. Rolling a take die Le Pier] Veet | Since dor ol values fn ange haa ential bl, tnal's wohy Discrete Urifown @V. Ecx) - (Eq))* Ex, Find Cx) © VCx) Tce N terms P(x= de Sa N S N 2 I _E ¢x2)= NON HID x Conet) = (N+) Coney Cx ae 6 Very = (ey) tons) = Guesd® 6 Yu > tuo fan ~o-6) v 24 =>_ Crea) C20 = 2) 24 => (has) Gves) 12 e__ Sots, a4, 052, c¢e b har a Uniform distyflution, Hiems = b-o4 1 N= b-otl Peyeaty= 4 Beart —— Ere) = (bem @va\y 1 Vous Ke 2 2 prot o_| Scotian r 12 Co-0) Co- ara? alo-2 Co. ete ——~7 Contfauos &V— mene oye 2 |e yee etna Ee) 2 WO), Ss Nice) = By «.2.\ = Vays st Viale 25 a4 . fa. Given QV Xiuith Bea vtrieaé. delfne onsp RV @ Z suck thot =f cx) & E(z)20 tVG@)=4 I we condefine Za X-9 2 X23 I3C é tee. = xX a p ebability, Density Eunetion [A func, b(n) toe RV X. fs called x's por it} oll wy D2 2b € kealNes, the atlanfing Pe salt by Plasxgbye | feo dee o. Fox o valid PDE A Gy Plagxéo)= Pl yen) = cee piiseso a classmate | , 20 { (2) { Jordes PCosxew)=4 (peer ee a e ee I | fran much kel thts to Wind K fa o paisley ssange Lab) | i Ex Se ne afl i] : . I Z bt Xonge £3.61 thon [e411 364 J t POE 4 Placxcb)= Plas xcb) = Pla< rebd= Play Xb) |_tex comifuaus RV AX, since pefat haoknbittites ace 0. Ex, % Co! N at a PDE feay= fee ——*20 cuo 0 : otherwise, Oe? | work t, P (-0o CXS o)e3 = { con% da Diofertdy 2c et 1” “to Gay Tee eG =e * (ay P(igxcs) = f icertga = -(63- 6) : > 0, 348 Fa. X is RV wotth PDE Serpe f tye | ae Lat 6. othesuoise Pend a9 . A dee c iv =) ms Lo z watt [yest awa Seer & Dias wt ay ; 3 . t ARV x {shoving Usifocm distaThuiten # fk Hos a ppe fcxy= { 69 ogrkeh o, thexwofse E f> Whe ee fe - | constant. Probali tity % dengihel interval Cee) + | too T € oo o x b b (eae. 1 = ; ae faye fo-a) 5 asxgb > oO othes wise. aid [ b-o fx, | which prob. fs_biggex P CA Ca d. ae Fb qr ] bo 3 te bea a T So ie ss > (h-a) Coreabiath He 3 . , 2 pan be sabs at 7 ie a eh Vex) = Ere) - Eee 2b? sabiat (2 3 Peep Oe ou > bo? - 2054 ot y ta > Cha? 4 ry Pe se! Nowmal RV xi motu Ac 4 kThue ey he | ev x & hasfoy_Nexmal pistetbutin Z} {4 how sae (ey eee 3 (Hy oat where er ECxy= yg Vixd= o? = —Symmetyfe ohouk the te i A mnecna Cromaina Nortonce. dideny, curves doen't ant ot + T r Ex. is 7 - He. Nel Summesutc about mean, 1 ese Ee CH Cpe ya Any & RV xnaving Nox mi Etoe uw, VQ) o™ Ze x-y Etz)= 0 Nizye 4 For Sid. Nesmal Dfsi', the pal why ue conver! x to Z4_ 0 than om tel fn ae al x Ex. (zy cl xh ew el) 2 F (x stp ety eee | Zz XS oe Zia X H | ecx $ 13) ¥ ‘= 1 > pC we ¢ 13) ¥ : > PC az ¢3) ¥ 7 |. | > Pz BE y= PCz51.5) - - i= 0.0668 : > o.aaaz - For Std. No: fSbThutis P(as-a) = P(zy x) PC-oees-4) = Pla gee A fe PCAgt) = Pees.) u PCRS -«) = 4- Plxca) claccmate Ceo Em Lek X~ N Cro, 100) , te, Heb, eA, FInd gsuch that PCix= 101 y 4) = 0.02. Laiens PC2¢4) = 0.94] € (K-30) % gy) ox (x-10) ¢- a) => fF Cx-10 wa) + PC x-10¢4q) >ec Ao14,) epcrgio-a) X= oZtws wrrio => P Czy ano) + PC z ¢ -ayic) fury PC z¢-4) = PCz2«)) D> ox P(zé -%0) = O92. > P (2 ¢ -%ip) = ou. = 4- PC 266i) = PCr) 2 PCzy wey = Moz» Hy 3 A comit RV_X hos enbonesitial distribution it it hos lu Iotasing PRE: : | Pears f Aex®t 40. I ° <0. where Ecy)= +/a Ex. X is cxbonentia N¢x) = */a2 > BN. CK) = 0.5. FPnd ECexa3)*) E (oss) = E( x24 gyea) > _FCx2) + gEcx) + E Ca) Ke Gexy=r - wok. T, x1s 1 Vex) = Yat \_os> Aso > Sts Ex?) = Cx)? =>_o.25+0.25 = E (2) PECHM*N= 0.54 Cros + 4 212.5 WAL * Fox Dato Pointe HL Meant Avera Given anmemdata bofal Arg Hog Beene % Mhefx mean _%. < cat tr ~~ £ Vv t =. fon: Gi i on. °. oxdex. i +4 tH bm | £ 56 fs hae + 2 fe 2 | Fox Pyobabilist g Mean + Zz asx peat) oy F Pate pox) 2 Medfons The vole mx fe called median. ks ws Lofscvete] Me the Cx om) 2 2e = 0.5) Leontfinuous’) P(xéms)= $205 where X € Ex. || exe | So, ae has oe) | Etnd amean & medi&n (Mean = Fax Ptxex) => avy + 349 + cee a5 ae) ee cou verritey I Poss POxyS)=¢1 6 as (3) __ ude cnn Ss “proboldifticaVay" dean sounbles, & hos Jeindasal dacg. WA Xv N Cove), free [20 Cae veryezc%, Let Y=mazlss) che median ol 19 we com see PCxgO\= P(x0\= 5 PCy go) = P(v=0)= P Cxgo) = 5 PlywO)= P(x 70)= + Median Y¥ = Sm O

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