CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY

It is a part of the academic curriculum that an organization study must be carried out
during MBA course. The study was conducted at Lofty Optical Industry. Organization is an
identifiable group of people contributing their efforts towards attaining the goals. People from
various categories are grouped together in an organization and working for the objective of the
Lofty Optical and to achieve the goal.
According to “Sehein” defines an organization as the rational coordination of the
activities of a numbers of people for the achievement of some common expects purpose of
goal, through division of labour and through a hierarchy of authority and responsibility.
The main purpose of the study is to know about the functions of the organization
departments and roles and responsibilities of managers in the organization. The success of the
business depends upon the degree of study regarding consumer, taste, expectations, preference,
likes, etc. Nowadays the need of the people is going on increasing people expects many
attributes from the organization. The Lofty Optical Management can permit to do a prefect, it
is useful to us and they allow discussing with managers and workers in the organization. This
study helps us to know about the organization procedure policies terms and conditions roles of
the managers, production process workers activities in production and others departments.
Organization is the social unit that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue
collective goals. All organization have a management structure that determines relationships
between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles,
responsibilities, and authority to carry out different task.
Organizational study is the examination of how individuals construct, process and
practice organizational structure and how these, in shape social relations and create institutions
that ultimately influence people. Organizational study comprises different areas that deal with
different aspects of the organizations. Many of the approaches are functionalist but critical
research, also provides alternative frame for understanding in the field.

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1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Spectacles are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes, normally for vision
correction or eyes protection safety glasses are used for eye protection against flying debris of
radiation. Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and protect against ultraviolent
rays. The spectacle frame is invented to hold the lenses in a correct position. They also add
charm to one’s personality if, selected apply for different face shapes.
The old frames were made of wood, horn or bone. Modern frames are made from
strong, height materials such as Titanium alloy Nickel silver, steen, gold fitted Carbon graphite.
Eyeglass frames are commonly made from mental or plastic. Metal is usually the lightest and
most stylish, but plastic is more durable and often more suitable for thick lenses. Plastics are
available in a wide variety of colours and can be cut into numerous shapes. Their old
spectaclesa do not have temples, the user need to hold their back. Modern glasses are typically
supported by pads on the bridge of the nose and by temples placed over the ears.
Lenses were originally made from glass, but many are now from various types of metal,
plastic, polycarbonate. The earliest spectacles were made of convex lenses. Nowadays they are
made of both convex and concave lenses.
Convex lenses are used for far sightedness, so that the light rays are converged. Concave lenses
are used for near sightedness, so that the ray of light are diverged. There are many Industries
in India manufacturing spectacle frames. Lofty Optical Industries is one of them concern
training on the Southern tip of India. Lofty Optical Industries was founded in the year 1996 by
Mr. K.S.Samley as the director. It was formally known as sea lards optical industries and was
based on Kanyakumari District, the southern tip of India. Lofty is the leading spectacle frame
manufacturer and the largest supplier of imported frames both in cellulose acetate and under
one roof.
Spectacles
Spectacles are eye glasses. People wear spectacle because their vision is flawed or for
protection from UV rays.
Modern glasses are typically supported by pads on the bridges of the nose and by
temples placed over the ears. Historical types includes the pince-nez, monocle, lorgemette, and
scissors-glasses.

2
Invention Of Spectacles
The spectacles are believed to have been invented between 1268-1289 in Italy. The
inventor was Salvino D’Armate, who is credited with inventing the first wearable eye glasses
on 16 September 1284 in Italy.
The earliest spectacles were made of convex lenses, which corrected the problem of
far sightedness. They were worn mostly by monks and scholars and required the wearable eye
glasses on 16 September 1284 in Italy.
The glasses first appeared in pisa, Italy about the year 1286. Technically, they were
formed from two primitive convex shaped glass/crystal stones. Each was surrounded by a
frame and given a handle. These were then connected together through the ends of their handle
by a rivet..
In Asia, the eyeglasses were attached to the ears by loops of cord; a concept originally
noted around 1500 in spain and called threaded (thread loop) spectacles. Occasionally weights
were applied to the end of the cords which then hng over the back the ears.
Later glasses quickly become more technically sophisticated. One of the most important
industries, the spectacle industry, was formulated in 1535 with the issuance of regulations of
the numbering spectacle makers’ guild. In London in 1629, King Charles I granted a charter
incorporating the worshipful company of spectacle Makers.
Once the lenses were ground and polished, they were fitted into the frames. All early
lenses were positive or convex and spherical. On the other hand, concave lenses for the
nearsighted came into use in Florence in the middle of the 15th century.
During the 17th century tinted lenses first become popular, Round lenses were almost
universal until the end of the 18th century when oval lenses become fashionable.
The first temple specs were created by a London-based optician between the years 1725
and 1750. The American scientist Benjamin Franklin, who suffered from both myopia and
presbyopia, invented bifocals in 1784 to avoid having to regularly switch between two pairs of
glasses. The first lenses for correcting astigmatism were constructed by the British astronomer
George Airy in 1825.
Astigmatic lenses came into being in the U.S. in 1828 when Mc Allister and his son
John, Jr.Began importing cylindrical lenses fir the correction of astigmatism. Actually Sir
George Airy (1892-1892) was the first to design concave astigmatic lenses for his own myopia
astigmatic eyes in 1825. The elegant double eyeglass on a handle(scissors glasses) and the
typically elaborate single lens magnifier (quizzer) had become common among the more

3
fashionable members of French and German Society in the second half of the 18 th century.
Both Lafayette and Napoleon used scissors glasses.
The 19th century say the invention of scissor glasses (with lenses fixed to glided and
ornamented scissoring stems) and lorgnettes (glasses having an ornamental stem), and whih
were utilized as more of a fashion accessory than to correct the eyesight.
In the early 20th century, Moritz von Rohr at Zeiss (with the assistance of H.Boegehold
and A.Sonnefeld), developed the zeiss Punktal spherical poit-focus lenses that dominated the
eyeglass lens filled for many years.
Sunglasses
Sunglasses may be made with either made with prescription or non-prescription lenses
that are darkened to provide protection against bright visible light and possibly, ultraviolet
(UV) light. Photo chromic lenses, which are photo sensitive, darken when struck by UV.
Light polarization is added features that be applied to sunglasses lenses polarization
filters remove horizon rays of light. Which can cause glare; polarized sunglasses allow weares
to see into water when normally glare or reflected light would be seen
Yellow lenses increase colour contrast and improve depth perception, brown lenses are
common among golfers, but cause colour distortion. Blue, purple and green lenses offer no real
benefits to vision enhancement, and are mainly cosmetic.
Some sunglasses with interchangeable lenses have optional clear lenses to protect the
eyes during low light of night time activities and a coloured lens with UV protection for times
where sun protection is needed.
Sunglasses are often worn just for aesthetic purposes, or simply to hide the eyes.
Examples of sunglasses that were popular for these reasons include tae shades and mirror
shades.
Safety glasses are usually made with shatter-resistant plastic lenses to protect the eye
from flying debris. Although safety lenses, may be constructed from a variety of materials of
various impact resistances. Safety glasses can vary in the level of protection they provide.

4
Lenses
Lenses were originally made from glass, but many are made from various types of
mental plastic, including CR- 39 and polycarbonate. These materials reduce the danger of
breakage and weightless than glass lenses. Some plastics also have more advantages optical
properties than glass , such as better transmission of visible light and greater absorption of
ultraviolent light. Some plastics have a greater index of refraction the most types of glass; this
is useful in the making of corrective lenses shaped to correct various vision abnormalities such
as myopia, allowing thinner lenses for given prescription.
Newer plastic lenses, called iron, can also correct for the higher order vision for
aberrations that naturally occur in the surface of our eye. These lenses create sharper vision for
the people who have problems with sight and help with the halos, starbursts and comet-tails
often associated with night time driving glare. Wave front guided LASIK surgery also corrects
for the higher order aberrations.
Search- resistant coatings can be applied to most plastic lenses giving them similar
scratch resistance to glass. Hydrophobic coatings designed to case cleaning are also available,
as are anti-reflective coating intend to reduce glare, improve night vision and make the wearer’s
eyes more visible.
Not all glasses are designed solely for vision correction but are worn for protection,
viewing visual information (such as stereoscopy) or simply just for aesthetic or fashion values.
Safety glasses are a kind of eye protection against flying debris or against visible and ner visible
light or radiation. Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect against
damage from high levels of ultraviolent light.
Spectacle Frame
The primary objective of the spectacle frame is to hold the lenses in front of the eyes in
a correct position. However they also add charm to one’s personality if, selected apply for
different face shapes.
Frames went through a similar evaluation. Early eyepieces were designed to be either
held in place buy hand or by exerting pressure on the nose (pince-nez). The earliest frames
were made of wood, hord, or bone. The sprung steel bridge was introduced about 1690
resulting, in a sense, in the first combination frame since the eyes rims were invariably of
another material such as horn or whaltbone. Leather frames had a relatively short life span from
the 16th on the middle of the 18th century.

5
 The first frames were for round lenses, followed by oval, and eventually rectangular
ones become popular in the mid-1830;s some materials for later frames included brass,
tortorishell from the hawksbill turtle, baleen, steel, silver, and gold. The oldest existing
spectacle case in the world was found in 1982 in freiburg, Germany and it probably dates to
the 14th century.
From the beginning, spectacles failed to remain in position and stay on. As noted during
15th 16th centuries they were of the riveted type which was normally handled. These spectacles
evolved into the type with a more comfortable arched bridge know as bow specs. Following
this, the ultra-rare slit-bridge spectacles appeared with slits o give some added elasticity to the
nose bridge.
Then one piece wire (usually copper) frames with round lenses better known as
Nuremberg style nose spectacles, came into fashion, being mass-produced throughout the 17th
century and until the early 19th century. Spectacles in the 17th century did not have slides. The
users need to hold their head back.
This critical problem went unsolved for about 440 years until finally in 1730 London
optician Edward Scarlett (1677-1743) was credited with perfecting temple spectacles- those
having short, stiff side piece that pressed against the temples above the ears.
This innovation facilitated the easy putting on and taking off of the glasses and didn’t
interfere with a person’s long hair or wig. About 30 years later, longer sides (temples) hinged
into middle become popular. This change finally added much needed comfort and stability.
Another London instrument- maker and optician, James Ayscough, gets the credit for
investing this first spectacle patient, `359, in London for two additional lenses hinged above
the distance correction and capable of being rotted down for close work (making a total of four
lenses). In 1979, English optician John Richardson conceived the idea of different four lens
spectacles where the two supplementary lenses. Patent #3187, could be rotated in when doing
close work.
That same year, English optician Dudley Adams patented a device with near complete
headband and folding, adjustable drop-down lenses. No part of the spectacles rested on the
nose and the distance between the two lenses could be modified depending upon the
interpupillary distance. Only a half dozen of the super orbital patent specs are known to exist
in private collections today.

6
 London optician Benjamin Martin (1704-1782) developed the visual Glasses in 1756
in an attempt to reduce the supposed damage to the eyes from excessive light. The aperture of
the lenses was reduced by a horn annuls placed inside the ordinary sized frame. Martin felt that
these smaller sized lenses were beneficial for the eyesight.
Bifocals or split lenses were improvises most likely in London after the 1756 in an
Franklin (1706-1790). They were made by having lenses of different powers and positioning
the segments together with a straight line across the middle.
In 1799, John McAllister decided that spectacles might be an appropriate addition to
these other wares so he established the first optical shop in America in Philadelphia.
McAllister, a perfectionist, began producing his own gold and silver frames in 1815.
Five hundred years after they had first been invented, spectacles without sides, which
had been originally clamped on top of the nose, reappeared 1840 as the prince-net. They
become very popular as middle- class eyeglasses for both men and women before the need of
the 19th century and were worn until about 1935. In 1915 a fine range of spectacle. Frames in
Nickel Silver, Gild-fitted and Solid gold, Gold eyeglasses chnis, the latest Ear Clip eye glass
chains, also the automatic eye glass holder came into existence.
As the 20th century opened eyeglass weares emphasized style. The improved plastics in
the early 1900’s heralded a new era in frame styling. During the 1930’s sunglasses became
especially popular. By 1950, as described by pierre Marley of France, spectacles had become
a fashion accessory in Europe and North American. In 1988, Algha gold filled and rolled gold
spectacle frame are handmade in the UK.
Twenty First Century Spectacles
During the Twenty First Century majority of modern spectacle frames are made in Italy,
France, Germany, China, Japan and USA. This is atypical pair of self-selection reading
spectacles as available cheaply from supermarkets at the turn of the twentieth and thirty first
centuries. They are so cheap that customers may but on impulse rather than through need.
The eyeglasses we would recognize today can likely be traced to the 1950’s when
plastics became readily available and cheap. Along with significant progress in the areas of
lens accuracy and shape, spectacles became an accessory that could be worn plain orr with
connective strength. Now a day’s people prefer spectacles that improve their personality and
lifestyle, and also correct their vision.

7
 Eyeglass frames are commonly made from mental or plastics. Today’s spectacle wears
have a variety of frame and lens options available to choose. Options available in lenses and
frames today were unheard of as few as forty years ago.
Depite the increasing popularity of contact lenses and lanser corrective eye surgery,
glasses remain very common, as their technology has improved. For instance, it is now possible
to purchases frames made of special memory metal alloys that return to their correct shape after
being bent. Other frames have spring-loaded hinges. Either of these designs offers dramatically
better ability to withstand the stress of daily wear and occasional accident.

8
1.3 COMPANY PROFILE
After sales service Lofty Optical Industries was founded in the year 1996 by
Mr.K.S.Samley as the director. It was formerly known as sea lards optical industries and was
based on Kanyakumari District, the southern tip of India. Lofty is the leading spectacle frame
manufacturer and the largest supplier of important frames in India. A Lofty Optical Industry is
the only Indian Industry producing spectacle frames both in cellulose acetate and metal under
one roof.
Lofty Optical Industries greatly believes in stringent quality measures and so has
installed latest machinery, cutting edge technology and backed by highly skilled personnel.
Lofty Optical industries is the very in Indian Spectacle field to use CNC process to produce the
ever seen quality.
Metal frames as it pays constant attention to the two major aspects product quality and
customer satisfaction; it has become the leading spectacle frame industry in India has obtained
ISO 9001:2000 quality certifications. Well-furnished factory and dedicate team efforts in both
of production and marketing slots have made Lofty capacity to produce 50000 qualities frames
per month.
Lofty directly overseas the entire production and distribution chai, from research and
development to distribution and logistics, ensring product quality, efficient production and
distribution.
With having a strong experience in the optical industry, Lofty is confident in providing
quality frames in an affordable price in the competitive pricing strategic world. The company
value suggestions and was quite receptive to it from any source, to pay more attention. Lofty
optical industries play vital role in the success based on the customer satisfaction. Lofty Optical
Industries assured the customers with
 Innovative design and product development.
 Quality Assurance.
 On Time Delivery.
 After sales service.
Mission
Our mission is “to provide our customers the quality eye wear products with an
outstanding design for a reasonable price. We are about what our customer needs and what
most suitable for our customers”.

9
Vision
Our vision is “to be leader in the spectacle industry by setting up world class system to
ensure customer satisfaction and business success”.
Slogan
“A Great Indian Spectacle”
Employees
162 employees work in the Lofty Opticals Industry.
Office Working Time
The office working time is 8 hrs. This duration from 8.30 am to 5.00 pm.
Import of Raw Material
They import raw material from China and Germany.
Export product to
They export product in Sri Lanka, Africa, Malaysia, Maldives and UAE.
Objective of Lofty Optical Industries
The objective of Lofty Optical Industries are
 Introducing innovative fashionable handmade frames.
 Launching unit for metal frames counting.
 Expanding Lofty name in various country.
 Establishing the plant for pure titanium.
 Lofty optical industries provide quality eye wear products within an
outstanding design for reasonable prices.

Activities of Lofty Optical Industries

 Maintaining the daily production report.
 Maintaining the purchases order for requirement goods.
 To be order & purchase unavailable production material.
 Recording the store requirements and issuable items for production
purpose.
 To maintain the job card.
 Trading the purchases goods.
 Find out the cost of each pieces by entering the issuable material.
 Maintaining the daily marketing report.

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Achievements
Lofty optical industries got the
 Best Entrepreneurship Award by Small industries Service Institution.
 Best Achiever Award.
 Best Business Award.
Customer details
 Sankare Nethralaya – Chennai.
 Agarwal Eye Hospital – Chennai.
 Aravind Eye Hospital – Coimbatore, Madurai, Pondicherry &
Thirunelveli.
 Dr. Agarwal Vasans Eye Hospital – Salem, Trichy.
 Sri Kaanchikamakoti Medical Trust – Coimbatore.
 Eye Foundation – Coimbatore, Tirupur.
 Venu Eye Hospital – New delhi.
 Ahaila Foundation Eye Hospital – Palakkad.
 Sri Kiran Institute of Ophthalmology – Andrapradesh.
 Loutus Eye Hospital – Coimbatore.
 Mahatma Eye Hospital – Trichey.
 Bangalore West Lions Eye Hospital – Karnataka.
 Sankara Eye Hospital – Gunder.
 Pondicherry Institute of Opthalmology – Pondicherry.
 Joseph Eye Hospital – Gundar.
 Pondicherry Institute of Opthalamology – Pondicherry.
Competitors of Lofty Optical
 Haripriya and Co – Mumbai.
Export and supplier of spectacle frame such as fasion sunglasses, kid’s
spectacle frames, designer fashion sunglasses, polarized sunglasses, avoitor
sunglasses, big sunglasses and coloured sunglasses.
 Easy Exim Corporation – Ahmadabad.
Manufacture and Exporter of spectacle frames, full rim type mental optical
frames, cop colour metal frames and gold colour metal optical frame.
 Balaji enterprise – Raikot.

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 Export and supplying of spectacle frame such as metal optical, full rim type
metal optical frames, cop colour metal frames and colour metal optical frame.
 Gayathri Optical – Ahamadabad.
Manufacturer and supplier of spectacle frame such as eye glass frames,
women men’s bifocal frames, men spectacle frame.
 S.M.Optical – Mumbai.
Manufacturer of spectacle frame, Galileo 777,prosty kids 3, Golmal cafe. We
also deal wide range of eyewear, eyeglasses and eyewear accessories.
 Priya Eyewear – Mumbai.
Exporting and manufacturing spectacle frame such as designer spectacle
frames, fashinoable spectacle frame, men spectacle frames, women spectacle
frames, stylish spectacle frames and safety spectacle frames.

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1.4 PRODUCT PROFILE
Lofty optical products are
 Shell Frames.
 Metal Frame.
 Rimless.
SHELL FRAMES
The material used for producing shell frame is Celluose Acetate.

Fig 1: Shell Frame.

Technical Description of Cellulose Acetate
CA (Cellulose Acetate) sheet is natural plastic, which is manufactured from purified
natural cellulose. Natural cellulose of appropriate properties is derived primarily from two
source. Cotton linter and wood pulp. In the process of CA, natural cellulose is reacted with
acetic anhydride to produce CA, which comes out in aflake form. This flake is then ground to
a fine powder.
CA in primary from cannot be processed as a thermoplastic. It can only be processed
by dissolving in a solvent and spinning or casting. However, it can be processed by normal
plastic processing techniques in compounded form. For this, CA has to be blended with a
suitable combination of plasticizers and additives and melt compounded to get CA granules.
CA granules can then be processed by all standard description.

13
Characteristics of Cellulose
The most commonly used plastic in eyeglass frames cellulose acetate is relatively
inexpensive, easy to work with, comes in a wide variety of colure textures and patterns. The
material is easily adjusted but tends to get brittle with age. CA granules are high performance
thermoplastic with a unique combination of properties that make the material of choice for
many applications. By using this, Lofty produces variety of models.
METAL FRAMES
The materials used for producing metal frames are Nickel Silver Metal and Stainless
Steel, Lofty Optical Industries is the very first in Indian Spectacle field to use CNC (Computer
Numeric Control) process to produce the ever seen quality metal frames.

Fig 2: Metal Frame.

Nickel Silver
Nickel Silver also known as German silver, paking, new silver or alpaca, is the name
for various alloys of coper, white colour, but of them term silver is now prohibited for alloys
not containing the metal.
German Silver varies in composition the percentage of the three elements ranging
approximately as follows: copper from 50% to 60%, zinc from 19% to17.2%, nickel from 30%
to 21.1%. The proporations are always specified in commercial alloys. German Silver is
externsively used because of its hardness and resistance to corrosion for articles such as
tableware (Common Silver Platted), marine fittings and plumbing fixtures

14
RIMLESS
For rimless specs there is no frame. It contains demo glass. The demo glasses are
connected by bridge and temples. The temples and bridges showed the colour of the specs. In
this rimless specs has fitting the raw materials like demo glass, bridges and temples.

Fig 3: Rimless

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PARTS OF FRAME

Fig 4: Parts of Frame.

I. Frame front:
Front part of the eyeglass frame that holds the lenses in place and bridges the
top of the nose.
II. Eye wires (Rims):
Part of the frame front into which the lenses are inserted.
III. Bridge:
The area between the lens that goes over the nose and supports 90 percent of the
weight of the eyeglasses.
 A key hole bridge is shaped like an old-fashined keyhole and rests on the
sides of the upper part of the nose. This style works well for heavy
glasses or for those who are sensitive to pressure.
 A saddle bridge is shaped like a saddle and spreads the weight of the
frame across the sides and top of the nose. This style works well for
heavy glasses or for those who are sensitive at pressure.

16
 IV. End pieces:
End pieces means the extensions of the frame front to which the temples are
attached.
V. Temples:
Parts of the frame that extend over and /or behind the ears to help hold the frame
in place.
Skull temples are the most popular for plastic frames. They are bent down slightly
over the ear and follow the contour of the a Kull.
VI. Nose pads:
Plastic pieces that may be attached directly to the frame or to pad arms. They help
keep the frame in its proper position.
VII. Pad arms:
Attachment that hold the nose pads in place and allow adjustments to help
conform to the patient’s bridge.

VIII. Top bar:

A enforcing bar that crosses the top of the glasses on some metal frames, popular
in aviator glasses.

IX. Temple tips:

Plastic coatings that often cover the ends of the temples behind and/or over the
ears.
X. Rimless frames(mountings):
The temples and bridge attach by mountings directly to the lenses without the ease
of eye wires of rims.

MATERIALS
For shell frames:-
 Cellulose Acetate sheets.
 Hinges.
 Screws.
 Nose pad.
 Plastic demo lenses.

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 For metal frames:-
 Plating Chemicals.
 Nose pad.
 Screws.
 Tips.
 Plastic demo glass
For rimless raw materials are:-
 Temples.
 Screws.
 Bridges.
 Nose pads.
 Pad arms.
 Plastic demo lenses.
COLOURS
For shell frames:-
 Brown.
 Pink.
 Honey
 Black.
 Blue.
For metal frames:-
 Copper.
 Gold.
 Silver.
 Pink.
FRAME SIZE
 Baby size.
 Ladies size.
 Gents size.
 Unisex size.

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Lofty optical industries produce the following brands,
For kids:-
 LKS-Lofty Kids.
 LBJ-Blue Stone Junior.
 KSS- Lofty Gold.
 Barbie.

For men’s:-
 LBS-Blue Stone.
 LPS-Lofty Plush.
 LHD- Primo.
 LSR-Sparrow.
For ages:-
 Gold coin.
 Gold star.
 Mercury.
Properties of a good frame:
 It should be comfortable and sit properly on the nose and behind the ears.
 It should be suitable for lenses to be fitted.
 It should be of right size. ie.,not too big, not too small, not very heavy.
 It should suit the face.

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 CHAPTER 2

2.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

An Organization is a social arrangement which process collective goals, controls its
own performance and has a boundary separating it forms its environment. Origination is the
association formed by a group of people who she that there are benefits common goal.
Organizational study involves understanding of individuals as well as group as well as
dynamics in an organizational setting and the nature of the organization itself. When people
interact within organizational study attempts to understand these factors and connect theoretical
aspects with practice.

2.2 TOPIC OF THE STUDY:

AN ORGANIZATION STUDY ON LOFTY OPTICAL INDUSTRY AT
PUTHUKADAI.
2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The general objective of the program was to gain practical knowledge on the overall
functioning of the various departments of the organizations.
 To understand about the organizations.
 To get familiarized with the real world organization system.
 To understand the various levels in the organization and the decision flow
process.
 To observe various functions performed by the various department in the
organization.
 To collect information about modern machineries in production field.
 To identify SWOT faced by the organization.

2.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The scope of the study gives knowledge about the organization structure function
performed by various departments and the overall performance of the organization.

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2.5 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION:
Primary Data
Primary data means that the fresh data which is collected by researcher for their
current study.
 Primary data is collected through personal interview with managers.
 Discussion with employees and supervisors.
 Direct field work with employees.
Secondary Data
Secondary data means that it is already available data and it is collected by some
other researcher for their research purpose.
 Secondary data is collected through organizational websites.
 Journals and organizational reports.
 Company documents.

2.6 PERIOD OF THE STUDY:

The study period is one month and the date of the study is from 01.08.2022 to
29.08.2022.

2.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

 Some respondents hesitate to give the information, they feared that management
would take any action against them.
 Since all staffs are busy collection in-depth data from them was difficult.
 Collection of data from finical Department is very difficult

21
 CHAPTER 3

3. FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS
Departments functioning in Lofty Optical Industries are listed below
1) Production Department.
2) Human Resource Department.
3) Finance Department.
4) Marketing department.
5) Store & Purchase Department.
6) Project Department

3.1 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Function of Production Department
a) Selection of Products and its design
b) Production planning and control
c) Location of Facilities
d) Machines maintains and replacement
e) Enhances goodwill and reputation of business
Production
Production department is headed by the production manager. The
production process is broadly divided in to five stages:
f) Milling
g) Inserting
h) Barrel Section
i) Polishing
j) Packaging
a) Milling
The Cellulose Acetate sheet is cut according to the required size. Then it undergoes the
following milling operation.
 Inside Milling
 Outside Milling
 Double Head Milling
 Curvature Cutting
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SHELL FRAME PRODUCTION PROCESS

Drum polish Course Fine Grinding Ultrasonic

Grinding

Pre- Polishing
Wire Shooting

Polishing
Side Milling

Angle Cutting
Hinges Inserting

Matching
Curvatur Cutting

Manual polishing

Double Head
Milling Input
Output
Demo Cutting

Outside Milling
Sheet Cutting
Packaging Assembling

Inside Milling
Screen Printing

Fig 5: Shell Frame Production Process.

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b) Inserting
Hinges and Wires are inserted at the sides of the frame. This is made by heating the
frame and inserting hinges inside the frame.
c) Barrel selection
The frame is subjected to barrel operation such as
 Drum Polish
 Course Grinding
 Fine Grinding
In drum polishing there are four barrels. In each barrwl are large amount of wooden
pieces. The frame is put inside the barrel for 18 hours.
d) Polishing
After polishing the part of the frames are assembled. And that the frames are packed
for sales.
Production Process for Metal Frame:
The production process is broadly divided into eight stages:
1) Metal Cutting
2) Pipe Soldering
3) Bridge Soldering
4) Pad Arm Soldering
5) Pipe Cutting Electroplating
6) Electrophoresis
7) Assembling
1. Metal Cutting
German silver is raw material for making metal frame. This German silver is
cut as per the required size then it is bended to the required size.
2. Pipe Soldering
A pipe is soldering at the end of the frame in order to connect the temple with
the eye rim.
3. Bridge Soldering
Bridge soldering is made to connect the nose pad with the eye rim.

4. Pad Arm Soldering

Arm soldering is made to connect the nose pad with the eye rim.

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5. Pipe Cutting
In pipe cutting, the pipe which is soldered already is cut.
6. Assembling
In assembling, the temples are joined with the pipe by using screws.
7. Electroplating
In electroplating, a thin layer of metal is platted on the frame surface by using
electricity. The following platting are made by,
 Nickel Plating
 Silver Plating
 Gold Plating
8. Electrophoresis
 Pink
 Brown
 Black
 Silver
 Gold

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METAL FRAME PRODUCTION PROCESS

Eye Rim Cutting (CNC Process)

Rim Lock Soldering

Bridge Soldering

Padram Soldering

Buffing (Rough & Shining)

Pitting Work

Spraying

Assembling

Printing & Packing

Fig 6: Metal Frame Production Process.

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3.2 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Human Resource Management is concerned with people at work and their relationship
with each other. It may be defined as a set of programs and activities designed to maximize
both personal and organizational goals.
Functions:-
a) Recruitment and Selection
b) Training and Development
c) Compensation and benefits
d) Welfare Facilities
e) Discipline Policies

a) Recruitment and Selection:

The company adopts different methods for recruitment like advertisement in newspaper
based on location cyber space recruiting.
Selecting process involves gathering information from the candidate and then the
organization describes to select the candidate for the right job. Application blanks are employed
for extracting the detailed bio detailed bio data of candidate. The company call the eligible
candidate for interview.
Selection is done on the basis of educational qualifications work experience and skill
level.
Direct recruitment process is done over all branches.
b) Training and Development:
Training is defined as planned program designed to improve and to being about
measurable changes in knowledge skills and social employed for during a particular job.
The company conduct computer training program for the office employees.
The company provide field training for site employees.
c) Compensation and Benefit:
Compensation is defined as the employees receives for his job performance and other
benefits given by the management for his work done towards the organization.
The organization get by the compensation in the from of bonus, incentives & salary
increment.
After one year of working experience the company provide PF, ESI for their employees.

27
d) Welfare Facilities:
Most of the workers in the lofty industries are female workers. Special consideration is
provided towards their welfare and safety.
Sitting facilities are provided for the workers in the working place no ne can stand and
work all the employees and sit and work.
The company provides purified drinking water and provides free tea to the employees
for break time.
e) Discipline Policies:
Two set of uniform provided to the employees for every financial year. Except Saturday
the employees should wear the uniform.
All the employees wear identity card provided by the company in the working hours.
All the employees must present in the company at 8:30 am to 5 pm from Monday to
Saturday.
All the employees should attend the monthly meeting in the company and attend all the
trainings.
All the employees are required to keep the work place clean and organized. They are
required to put back the register files in their proper place. After the work switch off the
machines, fans, computers and lights.
Disciplinary Actions
The disciplinary action takes for the following activities
 Leave without permission.
 Irresponsible behavior while working.
 Not punctual.
 Smoking and drinking in work place.
 Damaging the machines.
 Disobedience towards the superiors.
Disciplinary actions are
 Warning.
 Penalties.
 Dismiss.
 Loss of pay.

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3.3. FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Finance
Finance is one of the basis foundations of all kinds of day to day operation.
Structure of Finance Department

Finance
Department

Finance
Manager

Assistant
finance
manager

Account officer

Assistant account
officer

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Characteristics of Finance Department:

 To see all activities of account.

 Maintaining financial records.
 Sending invoice to customers.
 Settlement of supplier’s bills.
 To attend fares like tax, income tax, and central excise.
 Verifying the receipts and issue of raw material send outside for job.
 The financial accounting model deals with cash and bank, receipts and
payments, journal voucher and general leger etc….

Functions
 The main investment is normally made is long term investment.
 Financial plans are revised in an annual way, which is normally based on
the annual budget.
 They normally need a revision for launching a product.
 The cost of the product is usually used for determining the future events
according to this plan finance department plan its activities.
 Working capital is normally in sixty to eighty days.
 Credit payment is also made within sixty to eighty days.
 Credit ration is based in stock holding. Normally cash credit is releasing by
the financial institutions based in stock holding capacity.
 The organization is maintaining a full computerized accounting
system and company id following specially deigning accounting software.
 The company is filling returns to the government authorities.
 Central excise
 Sales tax
 Income tax
 Tax deducted source of employees

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 The organization is maintaining the following books of accounts in order to serve their
accounting needs.
 General ledger
 Journal ledger
 Purchase register
 Sales register
 Debtor’s register
 Creditor’s register
 Cash book
 Receipt voucher
 Payment voucher

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3.4 MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Marketing is the art of selling goods and service. Business success is not determined by
the producer but by the customer.
Structure of Marketing Department

Marketing
department

Marketing manager

Area manager

Administrative
employee

Function of the marketing department

 Promotion
 Selling
 Pricing
 Financing
 Distribution

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Sales
 Sales through Dealers
 Sales through showrooms
 Sales through area managers

Marketing Details
The marketing department is headed by the marketing manager. Marketing is done as
directing marketing. The marketing executive get orders directly from the customers. The
orders are dispatched directly by the company.

The Lofty customers are

 Eye Hospitals
 Clinics
 Shops
 Direct customers
 Government
 Exporting is also done by the company. The product are exported the countries like
UAE, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Africa.
 Lofty has market his own product and also the purchased goods.
 It uses telemarketing and direct marketing.

Exporting
 Airways
 Waterways
 Roadways

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3.5 STORES AND PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
Store Management
Store refers the entire outgoing finished product with Lofty Optical Industry.
Objectives
The four objectives are adopted by Lofty Optical Industry while selling the finished
product,
 Store keeper is in change for the sending activities.
 Determine whether they going to send with in the country or abroad.
 Bill the product.
 Check the products once again before packaging.
 To develop and maintain good buyer relationship.
Functions
The main functions of purchase department are as follows,
 Procurement of store through indigenous a foreign source as required in accordance
with the rules in force.
 Checking of requisitions/purchase indents.
 Selection of suppliers for issue of enquires.
 Issuing enquires/tenders and obtaining quotations.
 Analyzing quotations and bids etc… and preparations of comparative statements
(quotations charts).
 Negotiating contracts.
 Checking legal conditions of contract. Consulting administrative officer or security.
 Issue of purchase orders.
 Follow up of purchase order for delivery in due to time.
 Verification and passing of bills to see that payment are made promptly.

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3.6 PROJECT DEPARTMENT

A project management office is a group or department within a business, government

agency, or enterprise that defines and maintains standards for project management within the
organization.
The Lofty Optical Industries got recognized when the government of India selected the
company under its NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) project as a part of implementing
a mission for proving spectacles to school children all over Tamil Nadu state during 2009 and
2010. In the year 2009, Lofty Optical Industries have shaken hands with the government of
Tamil Nadu under the project of “Kannozhi Kappom Thittam”. And till now they are the
manufacture and supplier of spectacles to the government of Tamil Nadu to supply spectacles
to school going children.

Lofty Optical Industries won government tender of 4 states they are as follows
1. Tamil Nadu
2. Kerala
3. Andhra Pradesh
4. Odisha

ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGER

 Activity and resources planning
 Organizing and motivating a project team
 Controlling time management
 Cost estimating and developing the budget
 Analyzing and managing project risk
 Monitoring progress
 Managing reports and necessary documentation

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STRUCTURE OF PROJECT DEPARTMENT

Project department manager

Project department assistant manager

Officer

PROCESS OF PROJECT DEPARTMENT

 Receiving orders from various states for school students with
specification like name, address, lens power, class, age, sex.
 Initially, they prepare the details of required quantity of spectacles
power of lens for certain block or states in excel sheet.
 They buy the required power lenses from certain industry.
 Lensometer is used to check the power according to the order.
 Pre qc is done to check quality of lens.
 Lens shaping is done to grinding or cutting lens to shape using demo.
 Fitting the lens into the frame.
 Post qc is done to check the quality and power of lens.
 Then cleaning the dust in the lens.
 Finally, the packaging section takes place. In packaging section, the
spectacles are placed in proper cover with the stickers and then they will
dispatch the orders to various states.

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 CHAPTER 4
4 .SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT Analysis is a study or evaluation undertaken by a company or organization to
identify its internal strength, weakness as well as its external Opportunities and Threats.
4.1 STRENGTH
The strength side of the SWOT Analysis matrix contains everything within the
company that gives it advantages over others.
LOFTY OPTICAL INDUSTRY is an independent & self-reliant industry.

 Availability of raw materials that helps company to control cost and

reduce the led time across the operation.
 Availability of Low cost and Skilled Manpower provides competitive
advantages to company.
 New technologies have been introduced in LOFTY OPTICAL.
 Efficient production.
 High customer loyalty.
 High traffic location
 Reputation for innovation
 Original products
 Hardworking and committed employees
 Superior management talent
 Competitive pricing

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4.2 WEAKNESS

 Slow production
 Lower productivity in various segments.
 Financial problem.
 Higher indirect Taxes, Power and Interest Rates.
 Outdated production process
 Outdates Equipment.
 Market research data may be out of date
 Holding too much stock
 Very narrow product line
 Costly processes

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4.3 OPPORTUNITIES

 Exporting the frames to the neighboring countries (Sri Lanka, Maldives,

German, Africa, UAE).
 Showrooms of lofty in Dubai,Kerala,Sri Lanka.
 High demand for spectacles in all over the world.
 Every product is equal in quality.
 Lack of competition
 Market growth
 Changing customer demands
 Demand for your offering
 Online presence or coverage

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4.4 THREATS
 Now the price electricity is high.
 Many competitors (Haripriya and co.Mumbai, S.M.Optical-Mumbai, Priya
Eyewear-Mumbai, Easy exim corporation-Ahmadabad, Balaji Enterprise-
Rajkot).
 Raw material is far it will increase the cost of production.
 Competitors opening shop nearby
 Company provide low salary

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 CHAPTER 5

5.FINDING SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSION

5.1 FINDINGS
 Lofty is ISO 9001:2008 certified companies.
 There is high modern technology for production for mental and shell frames (CNC
process).
 Employees are well experienced (more than 10 years).
 Job card is provided to identify the performance of every employees.
 Maintain a good relationship between the customers.
 The company heavily depends on the electricity. There is number of small machines is
used in production if the power will cut the production will be delayed.
 Tamil Nadu government provides frame for school children’s that project also do by
lofty optical.
 This is the only one company in Tamil Nadu producing shell an metal frames.
 The building of the organization is small.
 The organization provide job opportunity to the lower lever people.
 Company staff and workers are article following the quality Management system. If
there is an extra small dot in frames they replace it.

41
5.2 SUGGESTIONS
 Increase the salary of experienced employees this will motivate the employees to work
hard.
 Cost of production is high due to electric it, so it is better to utilize power by solar panel
etc…
 Managers and the workers uniform are same, try to differentiate the uniform of
employees.
 Reduce the imported goods distribution and increase production of frames. It will
increase the profit of the company and also exportation of goods is to help to increase
the economic level of our nation.

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5.3 CONCLUSION

The lofty optical organization has provided an opportunity to study about organization in
his company it is useful to my academic career. This training program helps to improve my
knowledge about the lofty optical industries in the company I learn functions of the
departments roles and responsibilities of the manager and functions of the management in the
lofty optical industry.
The organization is very effective in its operations. The quality standards are at high
level, they do business at a competitive price, they serve what customer need, they deliver it at
right time and they also take care about the employee’s welfare. All this put together this
organization is sustaining their success.
SWOT is an analysis tool to know about the internal and external factors effect the
industry. Findings and suggestion is given above this is my point of view, and my personal
experience and idea about the company.

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BIBLIOGRPHY :

WEBSITE
1. www.loftyindia.com
2. www.google.com
3. www.loftyopticals.com

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