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Final Exam Topic

FET

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99 views5 pages

Final Exam Topic

FET

Uploaded by

Van Clarin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Growth and Decay

Radium decomposes at the rate proportional to the quantity of the radium present. Suppose
that it is found that in 15 and 25 years after decomposition has started, approximately 81% and
70.4% of a certain quantity of radium has been left after decomposition. (a) Find an expression
for the amount of radium present as a function of time. (b) determine approximately how long
will it take for one-half the original amount of the radium to decompose.

at 15 years

ln 𝑁 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 at 25 years

ln 81 = 𝑘(15) + 𝐶 ln 70.4 = 25𝑘 + 𝐶 = Equation 2

ln 81 = 15𝑘 + 𝐶 = Equation 1

ln 81 = 15𝑘 + 𝐶

ln 70.4 = 25𝑘 + 𝐶

ln 81 − ln 70.4 = −10𝑘

𝑘 = −0.0140

-----------------------------------

ln 81 = 15𝑘 + 𝐶

ln 81 = 15(−0.0140) + 𝐶

𝐶 = 4.6044

a)

ln 𝑁 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 b)

ln 𝑁 = −0.0140𝑡 + 4.6044 ln 50 = −0.0140𝑡 + 4.6044

𝑡 = 49.5 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
ln 𝑁 = −0.0140 (100) + 4.6044 𝑁 = 𝑒 3.2044 = 24.64%

ln 𝑁 = 3.2044
A bacteria culture is known to grow at rate proportional to the amount present. After one hour,
1000 strands of the bacteria are observed in the culture, and after four hours, 3000 strands.
Find (a) the expression for the approximate number of strands of the bacteria present in the
culture at any time t and (b) the approximate number of strands of the bacteria originally in the
culture.

𝑡(ℎ𝑟𝑠) 𝑁 (𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠)
0 ?
1 1000
4 3000

at 1 hour

ln 𝑁 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 at 4 hours

ln 1000 = 𝑘 (1) + 𝐶 ln 3000 = 4𝑘 + 𝐶 = Equation 2


ln 1000 = 𝑘 + 𝐶 = Equation 1

Elimination method:

ln 1000 = 𝑘 + 𝐶

ln 3000 = 4𝑘 + 𝐶

ln 1000 − ln 3000 = −3𝑘

𝑘 = 0.3662

To find C

ln 1000 = 0.3662 + 𝐶

𝐶 = 6.5416

a)
ln 𝑁 = 0.3662𝑡 + 6.5416
0.3662
𝑁 = 6.5416𝑒

b)

𝑁 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 0

𝑁 = 𝑒 6.5416 𝑒 0.3662(0)

𝑁 = 𝑒 6.5416 (1)

𝑁 = 693.39 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 or ln 𝑁 = 0.3662(0) + 6.5416

𝑁 = 693.39 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠

Sample Problem: Decay of a Radioactive Material Scenario:

A radioactive isotope, Cesium-137 (Cs-137), decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount


of Cs-137 present. Scientists measured the following: - After 30 years, approximately 60% of the
initial amount of Cs-137 remains. - After 60 years, approximately 36% of the initial amount of
Cs-137 remains.

Problem:

(a) Find an expression for the amount of Cs-137 present as a function of time (t).

(b) Determine approximately how long will it take for one-half (50%) of the original amount of
Cs-137 to decompose.
Newton’s Law of Cooling

A body at a temperature of 50°F is placed outdoors where the temperature is 100°F. If after 5
minutes the temperature of the body if 60°F, find (a) how long it will take the body to reach a
temperature of 75°F and (b) the temperature of the body after 20 minutes.

𝑡(𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠) 𝑇 𝑇𝑚
0 50°F 100°F
5 60°F 100°F
? 75°F 100°F
20 ? 100°F

Formula/s:

𝑑𝑡
= −𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶
(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑚 )

𝑇 − 𝑇𝑚 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑘𝑡

𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 0 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 5

50 − 100 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑘(0) 60 − 100 = −50𝑒 −𝑘(5)

−𝟓𝟎 = 𝑪 −40
= 𝑒 −𝑘(5)
−50
4
= 𝑒 −𝑘(5)
5
4
ln = ln 𝑒 −𝑘(5)
5
4
ln = −5𝑘
5
𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟔
a)

𝑇 − 𝑇𝑚 = −50𝑒 −0.0446𝑡

𝑡? 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 75°F

75 − 100 = −50𝑒 −0.0446𝑡


−25
= 𝑒 −0.0446𝑡
−50
1
ln = − 0.0446𝑡 ln 𝑒
2
𝒕 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓

b)

𝑇 − 𝑇𝑚 = −50𝑒 −0.0446𝑡

𝑇? 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 20𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

𝑇 − 100 = −50𝑒 −0.0446(20)

𝑇 = −50𝑒 −0.0446(20) + 100

𝑻 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟓°𝐅

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