2022 (2 MARKS)

1. what are the two parts of a sentence?

A. In English grammar, a sentence generally consists of two main parts: the subject and the predicate.

1. Subject: The subject of a sentence is typically a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that performs
the action described by the verb or is the focus of the sentence. It answers the question "who"
or "what" the sentence is about. For example:
o "John" ran to the store.
o "The cat" chased the mouse.
o "She" is reading a book.
2. Predicate: The predicate is everything in the sentence except the subject. It includes the verb
and all the words that modify or complete its meaning. The predicate usually tells something
about the subject, such as what the subject is doing or what condition it is in. For example:
o John "ran to the store".
o The cat "chased the mouse".
o She "is reading a book".

Together, the subject and predicate form a complete sentence that conveys a thought or an idea. The
subject indicates who or what the sentence is about, while the predicate provides information about
what the subject is doing or what state it is in.

2. What is jargon? (2024 MCOM QP)

A. Jargon refers to specialized language or terminology that is used by people in a particular

profession, field, or group, which may not be easily understood by those outside of that context. It's
often characterized by technical or industry-specific terms that have specific meanings within their
respective communities.

Example:

Imagine you're in a conversation between two computer engineers:

• Engineer 1: "We need to optimize the algorithm by reducing the time complexity."
• Engineer 2: "Agreed, let's implement a hash table for faster lookups."

Here, "time complexity," "optimize," and "hash table" are examples of jargon specific to computer
science and engineering. They have precise meanings within this field but may not be immediately
clear to someone who is not familiar with computer science terminology.

In essence, jargon serves as a shorthand for experts within a field to communicate efficiently and
precisely about complex concepts or ideas relevant to their work or interests.
3. How many articles are there in English? What are they?

What are Indefinite articles in English? (2024 MCOM QP)

A. In English grammar, there are three articles: "a", "an", and "the". These articles are used before
nouns to specify whether the noun is general or specific.

1. Definite Article: "The"

o "The" is used before singular or plural nouns to indicate that the noun is specific or
known to the reader/listener.
o Example: "I saw the dog chasing the cat."
2. Indefinite Articles: "A" and "An"
o "A" is used before words that begin with a consonant sound.
o "An" is used before words that begin with a vowel sound.
o These articles indicate that the noun is nonspecific or unknown to the reader/listener.
o Examples:
▪ "I have a dog."
▪ "She's eating an apple."

Articles are important because they help specify whether we are referring to something specific
("the") or something non-specific ("a" or "an"). They are essential in forming correct and meaningful
sentences in English.

4. Give two instances of avoidable errors while writing English.

A. Here are two common avoidable errors while writing English, along with simple explanations:

1. Misusing Their, There, and They're:

o Their: Possessive form, showing ownership. Example: "Their car is parked outside."
o There: Refers to a place or is used with "is/are". Example: "The book is over there."
o They're: Contraction of "they are". Example: "They're going to the park."
o Avoidable Error: Mixing these up. For instance, writing "Their going to the park"
instead of "They're going to the park."
2. Run-on Sentences:
o A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses (complete
thoughts) are joined without proper punctuation or conjunctions.
o Example of Error: "I went to the store I bought some milk."
o Corrected: "I went to the store, and I bought some milk." or "I went to the store. I
bought some milk."
o Avoidable Error: Not using periods, commas, or conjunctions to separate complete
thoughts properly.
5. Define a preposition. (2024 MCOM QP)

A. A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other
words in a sentence. It often indicates direction, location, time, or a method.

Example: The cat is on the table.

In this example:

• "on" is the preposition.

• It shows the relationship between "the cat" and "the table" by indicating where the cat is.

Prepositions help clarify how different parts of a sentence are connected and give more detail about
the action or state described.

6. Give four examples of conjunctions. (2023)

A. A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence. It helps to link
ideas and create more complex sentences.

Examples:

1. And: Connects similar ideas or adds information.

o "She likes apples and oranges."
2. But: Shows contrast or exception.
o "He wanted to go, but he was too tired."
3. Or: Presents choices or alternatives.
o "Do you want tea or coffee?"
4. Because: Provides a reason or explanation.
o "She stayed home because she was sick."

Conjunctions are essential for making sentences flow smoothly and for linking ideas logically.

7. Mention the features of a good paragraph.

A. A paragraph is a group of sentences that focus on a single idea or topic. It usually starts with an
indentation or a blank line and helps to organize writing into manageable sections.

Features of a Good Paragraph:

1. Topic Sentence:
o The first sentence should introduce the main idea of the paragraph.
o Example: "Eating healthy foods is essential for maintaining good health."
2. Supporting Sentences:
o These sentences provide details, explanations, or examples to back up the main
idea.
 oExample: "Fruits and vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals. Whole
grains offer Fiber that aids digestion."
3. Coherence:
o The sentences should flow logically from one to the next, making the paragraph easy
to read.
o Use transitions like "firstly," "in addition," "however," etc., to link ideas smoothly.
4. Concluding Sentence:
o The last sentence should summarize the main idea or provide a closing thought.
o Example: "Therefore, including a variety of healthy foods in your diet can lead to
better overall health."
5. Unity:
o All sentences should be related to the main idea. Avoid including irrelevant
information.
o Stay focused on the topic introduced in the topic sentence.

A good paragraph is clear, focused, and well-organized, making it easier for readers to understand
and follow the writer's ideas.

8. What is the difference between homophones and homographs?

What are Homographs? (2024 MCOM QP)

A. Here's a table outlining the differences between homophones and homographs:

Feature Homophones Homographs

Words that sound the same but Words that are spelled the same but have
Definition have different meanings and different meanings and may have different
spellings. pronunciations.
Pronunciation Same Same or different
Spelling Different Same
Meaning Different Different
Example 1 "pair" (a couple) vs. "pear" (a fruit) "lead" (to guide) vs. "lead" (a metal)
"to" (preposition) vs. "two" "bow" (to bend forward) vs. "bow" (a type of
Example 2
(number) vs. "too" (also) knot)

Homophones are about how words sound, while homographs are about how words are spelled.
9. What is the importance of punctuation in writing?

A. Punctuation refers to the symbols used in writing to separate sentences and their elements to
clarify meaning. Common punctuation marks include periods, commas, question marks, exclamation
points, colons, semicolons, and quotation marks.

Importance of Punctuation in Writing

1. Clarity:
o Punctuation helps to make the meaning of sentences clear by separating and
organizing words, phrases, and clauses.
o Example: "Let's eat, Grandma!" vs. "Let's eat Grandma!" (The first sentence invites
Grandma to eat, while the second sentence suggests eating Grandma.)
2. Structure:
o Punctuation marks indicate the structure and organization of written text, showing
where sentences begin and end and how ideas are connected.
o Example: "I went to the store; I bought milk." (The semicolon separates two closely
related independent clauses.)
3. Emphasis:
o Certain punctuation marks, like exclamation points and italics, can add emphasis or
indicate the tone of a sentence.
o Example: "Wow, that was amazing!" (The exclamation point shows excitement.)
4. Rhythm and Pauses:
o Punctuation marks like commas and periods guide the reader on where to pause,
helping to control the flow and rhythm of the text.
o Example: "After the rain stopped, we went outside." (The comma indicates a brief
pause.)
5. Preventing Misunderstandings:
o Proper punctuation can prevent misinterpretation of the text by making the
intended meaning clear.
o Example: "She finds inspiration in cooking her family and her dog." vs. "She finds
inspiration in cooking, her family, and her dog." (The second sentence is clearer and
less disturbing.)

In summary, punctuation is essential in writing because it enhances readability, conveys the correct
meaning, and helps to express the writer's tone and intent accurately.

10. What is prewriting? (2024 MCOM QP)

A. Prewriting is the first step in the writing process. It involves planning and organizing your ideas
before you start writing. This can include brainstorming, outlining, researching, and thinking about
your topic and audience.

Importance of Prewriting

1. Organizes Ideas:
o Prewriting helps you gather and arrange your thoughts logically, making it easier to
write a clear and structured piece.
o Example: Creating an outline of the main points you want to cover in your essay.
 2. Clarifies Purpose:
o It allows you to define the purpose of your writing and understand what you want to
achieve.
o Example: Deciding if your goal is to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain
something to your readers.
3. Generates Content:
o Prewriting activities like brainstorming and free writing help you generate content
and come up with new ideas.
o Example: Writing down all the ideas that come to mind about your topic without
worrying about order or correctness.
4. Saves Time:
o By organizing your ideas beforehand, prewriting can save time during the actual
writing process because you have a clear plan to follow.
o Example: Creating a detailed outline can make writing the draft quicker and more
efficient.
5. Reduces Writer's Block:
o Prewriting can help overcome writer's block by providing a starting point and
breaking the writing task into manageable steps.
o Example: If you get stuck, referring back to your prewriting notes or outline can help
you continue writing.

In summary, prewriting is important because it helps you plan your writing, organize your thoughts,
and ensures that you have a clear direction before you start writing. This leads to more coherent and
effective writing.

2023 (2 Marks)

11. What is editing?

A. Editing is the process of reviewing and making changes to a piece of writing to improve its clarity,
accuracy, and overall quality. This can involve correcting grammar and spelling errors, improving
word choice, refining sentence structure, and ensuring that the writing is coherent and flows well.

Importance of Editing

1. Corrects Errors:
o Editing helps to identify and fix mistakes in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and
usage.
o Example: Changing "Their going to the park" to "They're going to the park."
2. Improves Clarity:
o Editing ensures that the writing is clear and easy to understand by eliminating
confusing or awkward sentences.
o Example: Revising "The boy, who is tall, he plays basketball" to "The tall boy plays
basketball."
3. Enhances Flow:
o Editing helps to create a smooth flow of ideas by improving transitions between
sentences and paragraphs.
o Example: Adding transition words like "furthermore" or "however" to link ideas
together.
 4. Refines Style:
o Editing allows you to refine your writing style, making it more engaging and
appropriate for your audience.
o Example: Changing "He is very good at playing soccer" to "He excels at playing
soccer."
5. Ensures Consistency:
o Editing helps maintain consistency in tone, tense, and terminology throughout the
writing.
o Example: Ensuring that the entire piece is written in past tense if it starts that way.

Example of Editing Process

Original Sentence:

• "She enjoys to play piano and she also likes painting."

Edited Sentence:

• "She enjoys playing the piano and also likes painting."

In the edited sentence, "enjoy" is corrected to "enjoys" to match the subject-verb agreement, "to
play" is changed to "playing" to make the sentence grammatically correct, and "piano" is preceded
by "the" for clarity.

In summary, editing is crucial because it ensures that your writing is polished, professional, and
effective in communicating your intended message.

12. What is Verbosity?

A. Verbosity refers to the use of more words than necessary to express an idea. It's when writing or
speaking includes unnecessary words or overly complex language that can make the message less
clear and harder to understand.

Example of Verbosity

Verbose Sentence:

• "In the event that you find yourself in a situation where you are in need of assistance, please
do not hesitate to ask for help."

Concise Version:

• "If you need help, please ask."

In the verbose sentence, extra words and phrases like "in the event that" and "find yourself in a
situation where" make the sentence longer and more complicated than necessary. The concise
version conveys the same message more clearly and directly.
In summary, verbosity is using too many words, which can make communication less effective.
Concise language is often clearer and easier to understand.

13. What are Typos? (2024 MCOM QP)

A. A typo, short for typographical error, is a mistake made in the typing process. It usually involves
misspelled words, incorrect letters, or misplaced punctuation.

Example of a Typo

With Typo:

• "She wnet to the store to by groceries."

Corrected Version:

• "She went to the store to buy groceries."

In the example, "wnet" is a typo for "went," and "by" is a typo for "buy." Typos are common and
often occur due to fast typing or not paying close attention to detail.

In summary, a typo is a simple mistake in typing that can usually be easily corrected by proofreading
your work.

14. What is meant by ‘paragraph organisation’ in essay? (2024 MCOM QP)

A. Paragraph organization refers to how the paragraphs in an essay are structured and arranged. It
involves organizing ideas and information logically within each paragraph and ensuring that there is
a clear flow of thought from one paragraph to the next.

Importance of Paragraph Organization

1. Clarity and Coherence:

o Paragraph organization helps to make your essay clear and easy to follow by
grouping related ideas together.
o Example: Each paragraph focuses on a single main idea, making it easier for readers
to understand your arguments.
2. Logical Progression:
o It ensures that your ideas are presented in a logical order, leading the reader
through your argument or narrative smoothly.
o Example: Each paragraph builds upon the previous one, providing evidence or
examples to support your thesis.
3. Supports the Thesis Statement:
o Paragraph organization helps to develop and support your thesis statement by
elaborating on different aspects of your main argument.
o Example: Each paragraph contributes to proving or explaining your thesis statement.
4. Enhances Readability:
 o Well-organized paragraphs with clear topic sentences and supporting details make
your essay more readable and engaging.
o Example: Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence that summarizes the main
point, followed by supporting sentences that provide more information or evidence.
5. Strengthens Overall Structure:
o Effective paragraph organization strengthens the overall structure of your essay,
making it more persuasive and impactful.
o Example: Using transitions between paragraphs helps to connect ideas and maintain
the flow of your writing.

In summary, paragraph organization is essential in essays because it helps to structure your ideas
logically, present arguments cohesively, and guide readers through your writing effectively. It
ensures that your essay is well-structured and easy for others to understand.

15. What are homonyms?

A. Homonyms are words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings. They
can sometimes also have different pronunciations.

Examples of Homonyms

1. Bank:
o Bank (noun): A financial institution where you can deposit money or take out loans.
o Bank (verb): To tilt or incline to one side, as in "The boat will bank sharply in the
turn."
2. Bat:
o Bat (noun): A flying mammal typically active at night.
o Bat (noun): A piece of equipment used in sports like baseball or cricket to hit a ball.
o Bat (verb): To hit something with a bat.
3. Fair:
o Fair (adjective): Just and unbiased, as in "a fair decision."
o Fair (noun): A gathering for entertainment or commerce, like a carnival or trade fair.
4. Lead:
o Lead (noun): A heavy metal.
o Lead (verb): To guide or direct.

Homonyms can sometimes cause confusion because they have the same form but different
meanings depending on context. Understanding their meanings in different contexts is important for
clear communication.
16. What are adverbs?

A. Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They often describe how,
when, where, or to what extent something happens.

Examples of Adverbs

1. How:
o Quickly: "She ran quickly."
o Carefully: "He handled the fragile vase carefully."
2. When:
o Soon: "They will arrive soon."
o Yesterday: "She finished her homework yesterday."
3. Where:
o Here: "Come here."
o Everywhere: "They searched everywhere."
4. To what extent:
o Very: "He is very tall."
o Extremely: "The weather is extremely hot."

Adverbs add detail to verbs (actions), adjectives (descriptions), or other adverbs (modifications),
helping to give more information about how, when, where, or to what extent something happens.

17. Mention any two punctuation marks & their uses. (2024 MCOM QP)

A. Here are five punctuation marks and their uses with examples explained simply:

1. Period (.):
o Use: Ends a declarative sentence or indicates an abbreviation.
o Example: "I went to the store." (Ends a sentence) / "Dr. Smith" (Abbreviation for
Doctor)
2. Comma (,):
o Use: Separates items in a list, sets off introductory phrases or clauses, and separates
parts of a sentence.
o Example: "She bought apples, oranges, and bananas." (Separates items in a list) /
"After dinner, they went for a walk." (Sets off an introductory phrase)
3. Question Mark (?):
o Use: Ends a direct question.
o Example: "Where are you going?"
4. Exclamation Point (!):
o Use: Indicates strong emotion or emphasis.
o Example: "Wow, that's amazing!"
5. Quotation Marks (" "):
o Use: Indicates direct speech, quotes, titles of shorter works, or to highlight words as
being discussed.
o Example: "She said, 'Hello!'" (Indicates direct speech) / He read "Harry Potter and
the Philosopher's Stone." (Titles of shorter works).
These punctuation marks help clarify meaning, indicate tone, and organize written language
effectively.

18. What does the term ‘agreement’ mean in English grammar? (2024 MCOM QP)

A. In English grammar, "agreement" refers to the need for words to match or correspond with each
other in a sentence. This includes ensuring that subjects and verbs agree in number (singular or
plural) and that pronouns agree with their antecedents (the nouns they refer to).

Example of Agreement:

1. Subject-Verb Agreement:
o Singular subject requires a singular verb, and plural subjects require a plural verb.
o Example: "She is a teacher." (singular subject and verb) / "They are students." (plural
subject and verb)
2. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement:
o Pronouns (like he, she, they) must match the nouns they replace in number (singular
or plural) and gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter).
o Example: "Mary loves her dog." (singular antecedent "Mary" matches singular
pronoun "her") / "The students submitted their assignments." (plural antecedent
"students" matches plural pronoun "their")

In summary, agreement in English grammar ensures that all parts of a sentence fit together
correctly, making the meaning clear and the sentence grammatically correct.

19. What are 3 main types of sentences?

A. Three Main Types of Sentences

1. Declarative Sentences:
o Definition: These sentences make a statement or express an opinion.
o Example: "The sky is blue."
2. Interrogative Sentences:
o Definition: These sentences ask a question.
o Example: "What time is it?"
3. Imperative Sentences:
o Definition: These sentences give a command or make a request.
o Example: "Please close the door."

In simple words, declarative sentences tell something, interrogative sentences ask something, and
imperative sentences command or request something.
20. Identify the sentence structure in the following sentence: "I'm going to school".

A. The sentence "I'm going to school" has a simple sentence structure.

Explanation (in simple words):

• Subject: "I" (The person doing the action)

• Verb: "am going" (The action happening)
• Object/Complement: "to school" (Where the action is happening)

A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate, expressing a complete thought. In this case,
the subject is "I" and the predicate is "am going to school".

2022 (5 MARKS)

1. Make sentences with the words given in pairs below to bring out the difference in meanings:

a) Tail-Tale b) Principle-principal c) Soul-sole d) Their- There e) Weather-Whether

A. Sure, here are sentences for each pair of words to show their different meanings:

a) Tail - Tale:

• Tail: The part at the end of an animal's body.

o Example: The cat's tail twitched when it saw a bird.
• Tale: A story or narrative.
o Example: She told a fascinating tale about her adventures.

b) Principle - Principal:

• Principle: A fundamental truth or belief.

o Example: Honesty is an important principle in life.
• Principal: The head of a school or an amount of money.
o Example: The principal of the school welcomed the new students.

c) Soul - Sole: (2024 MCOM QP)

• Soul: The spiritual or immaterial part of a person.

o Example: She believed that music touched the soul.
• Sole: Only or single; also refers to the bottom part of a shoe.
o Example: He was the sole survivor of the shipwreck.

d) Their - There:

• Their: Belonging to them.

o Example: Their house is painted blue.
• There: Indicates a place.
o Example: The park is over there.
e) Weather - Whether:

• Weather: The condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place.

o Example: The weather is sunny today.
• Whether: Introduces a choice or possibility.
o Example: I don't know whether to go out or stay home.

These sentences illustrate how each pair of words has distinct meanings and contexts in which they
are used.

2. Fill in the blanks with articles:

Today, I have ________ job interview at ________financial company. ________ company has
offices all over ______world. I'm not sure that I have ________ skills to get hired.

A. Today, I have a job interview at a financial company. The company has offices all over the world.
I'm not sure that I have the skills to get hired.

Articles (a, an, the) are used to specify whether a noun refers to something specific or general in the
sentence.

3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the words given below: Dolphins are _______ as
the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning sailors have been
common _______Roman times. The more we learn _______dolphins, the more we ______ that
their society is more complex than people previously_______. (regarded, realize, since, about,
imagined)

A. "Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping
drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about dolphins, the
more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously imagined."

This completes the passage with the selected words fitting into their appropriate contexts.

4. Punctuate the following sentences: a) What a surprise. b) the man answered you'll have trouble
finding it. c) Where do you work. d) Should we fear wild animals. e) That is not correct is it.

A. a) What a surprise! (2024 MCOM QP)

b) The man answered, "You'll have trouble finding it."
c) Where do you work?
d) Should we fear wild animals?
e) That is not correct, is it?

These sentences are now correctly punctuated to indicate questions, statements, and quotations
where appropriate.
5. Correct the following sentences: a) I think I see you yesterday. b) I saw one of teacher
yesterday. c) I returned back the book to the library. d) This is correct, is it? e) Everyone have their
own problems.

A. a) I think I saw you yesterday. (2024 MCOM QP)

b) I saw one of the teachers yesterday. (2024 MCOM QP)
c) I returned the book to the library. (Remove "back," as "return" already implies going back.)
d) This is correct, isn't it?
e) Everyone has their own problems.

These sentences are now grammatically correct with proper verb tense, article usage, and subject-
verb agreement.

6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate preposition: Language ______ the most simple term is a
means ________ communication. It is a medium ______ send or share information and ideas with
other people. The study ______ language is an important part ________ a child's development.

A. Language in the most simple term is a means of communication. It is a medium to send or share
information and ideas with other people. The study of language is an important part of a child's
development.

These prepositions correctly complete the sentences, providing clear connections between the
words and phrases.

2023 (5 marks)

7. Make sentences with the words given in pairs below to bring out the difference in meanings: a)
Effect-affect b) Excess-access c) Principle-principal d) Son-sun e) Watch-watch.

A. Sure, here are sentences for each pair of words to show their different meanings:

a) Effect - Affect:

• Effect: A change that is a result of an action.

o Example: The new law had a positive effect on the economy.
• Affect: To influence or make a change in something.
o Example: The cold weather can affect your health.

b) Excess - Access: (2024 MCOM QP)

• Excess: More than what is needed or allowed.

o Example: Eating in excess can lead to health problems.
• Access: The ability or right to approach, enter, or use something.
o Example: You need a key card to access the building.

c) Principle - Principal:
 • Principle: A fundamental truth or belief.
o Example: He lives by the principle of honesty.
• Principal: The head of a school or the main amount of money.
o Example: The principal gave a speech at the school assembly.

d) Son - Sun:

• Son: A male child.

o Example: She is proud of her son for graduating from college.
• Sun: The star at the center of our solar system.
o Example: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

e) Watch - Watch: (2024 MCOM QP)

• Watch (verb): To look at or observe something.

o Example: I like to watch movies on weekends.
• Watch (noun): A device worn on the wrist to tell time.
o Example: He checked his watch to see if he was late.

8. Fill in the blanks with articles: a) I have fixed ______ appointment with _______ doctor b) Will
you take ________ picture of us? c) I broke _______ vase my brother brought. d) My mother has
_______ polka-dotted umbrella. e) Today, I have ________ job interview.

A. a) I have fixed an appointment with the doctor.

b) Will you take a picture of us?

c) I broke the vase my brother brought.

d) My mother has a polka-dotted umbrella.

e) Today, I have a job interview.

These articles correctly complete the sentences, making them grammatically correct.

9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the words given below: The ______ today is not
in any way similar to the kind of world it was six to eight ______ ago. Earlier, nobody _______
what to do with a cell phone, a laptop or an internet connection. Today, on the contrary, from
every kid to every adult, everyone knows that they can ______ any situation if they have a good
cell phone and a _______ internet connection. (decades, world, knew, stable, survive)

A. The world today is not in any way similar to the kind of world it was six to eight decades ago.
Earlier, nobody knew what to do with a cell phone, a laptop or an internet connection. Today, on the
contrary, from every kid to every adult, everyone knows that they can survive any situation if they
have a good cell phone and a stable internet connection.
10. Punctuate the following sentences: a) you have two options take a bus or hire a cab b) what a
shame c) He is younger than her isn't it d) Ritus brother is moving to Australia e) he said what a
lovely surprise

A. a) You have two options: take a bus or hire a cab.

b) What a shame!
c) He is younger than her, isn't he? (2024 MCOM QP)
d) Ritu's brother is moving to Australia.
e) He said, "What a lovely surprise!" (2024 MCOM QP)

These sentences are now correctly punctuated to indicate pauses, questions, and quotations where
appropriate.

11. Correct the following sentences:

a) He is elder than her.

b) I saw one of my teacher yesterday. (2024 MCOM QP)

c) I hurted my knee yesterday.

d) She don't know Hindi.

e) I have read the Shakespeare's King Lear.

A. a) He is older than her.

b) I saw one of my teachers yesterday.
c) I hurt my knee yesterday.
d) She doesn't know Hindi.
e) I have read Shakespeare's King Lear.

These corrections address issues with comparative adjectives, subject-verb agreement, verb
forms, and article usage.

12. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions: After years ______ slavery and bondage
______ the British Empire, India got its independence ______ 1947 on the 15th of August. It was
not an easy task. It took a lot _______ selfless effort _______the part of great people like
Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subash Chandra Bose, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Lala Lajpat Rai,
Rani Lakshmi Bai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, B.R. Ambedkar, etc.

A. After years of slavery and bondage under the British Empire, India got its independence in 1947
on the 15th of August. It was not an easy task. It took a lot of selfless effort on the part of great
people like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subash Chandra Bose, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Lala
Lajpat Rai, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, B.R. Ambedkar, etc.
2024 (5 marks MCOM QP)

13. Make sentences with the words given in pairs below to bring out the difference in meanings: (a)
sort- sought (b) symmetry-cemetery

A. a) Sort - Sought:

• Sort: To arrange or classify things.

o Example: Please sort these books by genre.
• Sought: Past tense of "seek," meaning looked for or tried to find.
o Example: She sought advice from her teacher.

b) Symmetry - Cemetery:

• Symmetry: Balanced and proportionate arrangement of parts.

o Example: The butterfly's wings have perfect symmetry.
• Cemetery: A place where dead people are buried.
o Example: We visited the cemetery to pay our respects.

14. Fill in the blanks with articles: One day, ______ dog which was very hungry was crossing _____
street. Suddenly he saw _____ shop selling meat. Since _______ dog hadn't eaten for _____ few
days, he could not control his hunger.

A. One day, a dog which was very hungry was crossing the street. Suddenly he saw a shop selling
meat. Since the dog hadn't eaten for a few days, he could not control his hunger.

These articles correctly complete the sentences, providing clarity and grammatical correctness.

15. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the words given below:

The environment is the basic life support _____ for all living things on planet Earth. It is a ______
of natural and human-made components. Natural components _____ air, water, land and living
organisms. Roads, industries, buildings, etc., are ______ components. The natural environment
can be ______ into four main components - Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and
Atmosphere.

(combination, system, include, differentiated, human-made)

A. The environment is the basic life support system for all living things on planet Earth. It is a
combination of natural and human-made components. Natural components include air, water, land
and living organisms. Roads, industries, buildings, etc., are human-made components. The natural
environment can be differentiated into four main components - Biosphere, Lithosphere,
Hydrosphere and Atmosphere.
16. Punctuate the following sentences:

a) will you please send a copy to dr seema

b) what a surprise

c) he is younger than her isn't it

d) i have with me a book a pen and an umbrella.

e) he said what a lovely surprise

A. a) Will you please send a copy to Dr. Seema?

b) What a surprise!
c) He is younger than her, isn't he?
d) I have with me a book, a pen, and an umbrella.
e) He said, "What a lovely surprise!"

17. 6. Correct the following sentences:

a) I think I see you yesterday

b) I saw one of my teacher yesterday.

c) The book is in the table

d) She don't know Hindi.

e) I telled him not to sell mangoes today.

A. a) I think I saw you yesterday.

b) I saw one of my teachers yesterday.
c) The book is on the table.
d) She doesn't know Hindi.
e) I told him not to sell mangoes today.

These corrections address verb tense, subject-verb agreement, preposition usage, and correct verb
forms.
18. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:

Big foot, also known as Sasquatch, is an alleged ape-like animal said ______ inhabit the remote
forested areas _______ North America, with many of the sightings occurring ______ the Pacific
North-West of the United States and British Columbia, Canada. Bigfoot is sometimes described as
a large, bipedal hairy humanoid creature, and many believe that this animal, or its close relatives,
may be found _______ the world _______ different regional names, such as Yeti of Tibet and
Nepal.

A. Bigfoot, also known as Sasquatch, is an alleged ape-like animal said to inhabit the remote forested
areas of North America, with many of the sightings occurring in the Pacific Northwest of the United
States and British Columbia, Canada. Bigfoot is sometimes described as a large, bipedal hairy
humanoid creature, and many believe that this animal, or its close relatives, may be found around
the world under different regional names, such as Yeti of Tibet and Nepal.

These prepositions correctly complete the sentences, providing clear connections between the
words and phrases.
2022 (10 marks)

1. Write a letter of application for the post of Assistant Professor in a College.

[YourName]
[YourAddress]
[City,State,ZipCode]
[EmailAddress]
[PhoneNumber]
[Date]

[Recipient'sName]
[Recipient'sTitle]
[CollegeName]
[CollegeAddress]
[City, State, Zip Code]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the position of Assistant Professor in the [Department Name] at
[College Name], as advertised on [where you found the job listing]. With a [Your Degree] in [Your Field]
from [Your University] and [number] years of experience teaching and conducting research in [Your
Specialization], I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to your esteemed institution.

During my tenure at [Previous Institution or Experience], I have developed and taught courses in [List
Relevant Courses], which have been well-received by students. My approach to teaching is student-
Centered, focusing on fostering critical thinking, encouraging active learning, and integrating real-
world applications into the curriculum. I believe that engaging students through diverse teaching
methodologies enhances their understanding and retention of the subject matter.

In addition to my teaching experience, I have been actively involved in research, focusing on [Your
Research Area]. My work has been published in [Name of Journals or Publications], and I have
presented my findings at various conferences such as [Name of Conferences]. I am particularly
interested in continuing my research on [Specific Research Interest], and I am eager to collaborate
with colleagues and students at [College Name] to advance this field.

Moreover, I have served on various academic committees and have been involved in curriculum
development, student mentoring, and community outreach programs. My commitment to academic
excellence, combined with my passion for fostering a supportive and inclusive learning environment,
aligns well with the mission and values of [College Name].

I am excited about the possibility of joining [College Name] and contributing to its tradition of
academic excellence and innovation. I have enclosed my curriculum vitae, a list of references, and
copies of my recent publications for your review. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my
background, skills, and enthusiasm can be in sync with the goals of your department and institution.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,
[YourName]
[Enclosures: Curriculum Vitae, List of References, Copies of Publications]

2. Write a letter to the concerned authorities about the illegal garbage dumping in your area. (2024
MCOM QP)

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[City, State, Zip Code]
[Email Address]
[Phone Number]
[Date]

[Recipient's Name]
[Recipient's Title]
[Department/Agency Name]
[Department/Agency Address]
[City, State, Zip Code]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

I am writing to bring to your attention the issue of illegal garbage dumping in our area, specifically
around [mention the exact location or neighbourhood].

Over the past few weeks, I have noticed an increasing amount of waste being dumped illegally at
this site. This not only creates an eyesore but also poses serious health risks to the residents. The
garbage attracts pests and rodents, and the foul smell is unbearable.

Despite efforts from the local community to maintain cleanliness, the problem persists, and it is
beyond our control to manage it effectively without your assistance. I kindly request that the
concerned authorities take immediate action to address this issue. It would be helpful if regular
inspections and stricter penalties for illegal dumping are enforced. Additionally, installing clear
signage indicating the prohibition of dumping and providing more accessible and frequent waste
collection services could deter future incidents.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. We hope for a swift resolution to ensure a clean
and healthy environment for all residents.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]
1. Parts of speech

Sure, here's an explanation of each part of speech with simple meanings and examples:

1. Noun:
o Meaning: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
o Examples: dog, city, book, happiness
2. Pronoun:
o Meaning: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
o Examples: he, she, it, they, we
3. Verb:
o Meaning: A verb expresses action (do, go, run) or state of being (is, are, was).
o Examples: run, eat, sleep, is, were
4. Adjective:
o Meaning: An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun by giving more
information about it.
o Examples: big, blue, happy, beautiful
5. Adverb:
o Meaning: An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb by indicating how,
when, where, or to what extent something happens.
o Examples: quickly, very, often, here
6. Preposition:
o Meaning: A preposition shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and
other words in a sentence.
o Examples: in, on, at, under, between
7. Conjunction:
o Meaning: A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.
o Examples: and, but, or, because, so
8. Interjection:
o Meaning: An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or
surprise and stands alone in a sentence.
o Examples: Wow!, Ouch!, Hey!

Understanding these parts of speech helps in constructing sentences correctly and effectively
conveying meaning in writing and speech.

2. what is effective writing and its important.

A. Effective writing means communicating ideas clearly and persuasively so that the reader
understands and engages with the message. It involves using language purposefully, organizing
thoughts logically, and presenting information in a way that is easy to follow and meaningful.

Importance of Effective Writing:

1. Clarity: Effective writing ensures that ideas are conveyed clearly and without confusion,
making it easier for readers to grasp the message.
2. Engagement: It captures and maintains the reader's interest, encouraging them to continue
reading and consider the writer's perspective.
 3. Impact: It persuades and influences opinions, whether in persuasive essays, reports, or
business communications.
4. Professionalism: In professional settings, effective writing reflects competence and
professionalism, enhancing credibility and reputation.
5. Understanding: It helps in communicating complex ideas, instructions, or information in a
way that is easily understood by others.

Overall, effective writing is crucial in both personal and professional contexts for communicating
ideas, influencing others, and achieving intended goals.

3. What is correct and convincing sentences with examples

A. Correct sentences are free from grammatical errors and convey ideas clearly. Convincing
sentences not only communicate effectively but also persuade the reader to agree with the writer's
viewpoint or take action.

Examples:

1. Correct Sentence:
o "She enjoys reading books in her free time."

Explanation: This sentence is correct because it follows grammatical rules and clearly states
what she enjoys doing.

2. Convincing Sentence:
o "Regular exercise improves overall health and boosts energy levels."

Explanation: This sentence is convincing because it presents a clear statement supported by

evidence (regular exercise improves health and boosts energy levels), which may persuade
the reader to consider starting an exercise routine.

3. Correct and Convincing Sentence:

o "The new policy aims to reduce carbon emissions by 30% within the next five years
through investments in renewable energy."

Explanation: This sentence is both correct (grammatically accurate) and convincing (provides
a clear goal and strategy), outlining a specific plan to achieve a measurable environmental
benefit.

In summary, correct and convincing sentences are crucial in effective communication, ensuring
clarity while also persuading the reader to understand and possibly agree with the message being
conveyed.
4. What is word formation with examples.

A. Word Formation refers to the process of creating new words or forms of words in a language.
This can happen through various methods such as adding affixes (prefixes or suffixes), combining
words, or changing the form of a word to create a different meaning or part of speech.

Examples of Word Formation:

1. Prefixes:
o Example: Un + happy = Unhappy
▪ Adding "un-" to "happy" changes its meaning to "not happy".
2. Suffixes:
o Example: Friend + ly = Friendly
▪ Adding "-ly" to "friend" changes it to an adjective meaning "showing
friendliness".
3. Compound Words:
o Example: Snow + ball = Snowball
▪ Combining "snow" and "ball" creates a new word referring to a ball made of
snow.
4. Conversion (Changing part of speech):
o Example: Noun to Verb: Vacation (noun) → Vacation (verb)
▪ "They will vacation in Europe this summer."
o Example: Verb to Noun: Develop (verb) → Development (noun)
▪ "The development of new technologies is crucial."
5. Blending (Combining parts of words):
o Example: Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch
▪ Combining parts of "breakfast" and "lunch" creates the word "brunch" to
describe a meal eaten late morning.
6. Acronyms (Using initials of words):
o Example: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
▪ The acronym "NASA" is formed from the initials of "National Aeronautics
and Space Administration".
7. Back-formation (Creating a new word by removing affixes):
o Example: Edit + ion = Edit
▪ Removing "-ion" from "edition" creates the verb "edit".

Word formation allows languages to evolve and adapt by creating new words or forms of existing
words to express new ideas, concepts, or developments in society.
5. What are jumbled letters with example.

A. Jumbled letters, also known as anagrams, are words or phrases that have been intentionally
scrambled or rearranged, making them difficult to recognize immediately. The challenge lies in
unscrambling the letters to form the original word or phrase.

Example of Jumbled Letters:

Original Word: "LISTEN"

Jumbled Letters: "SILNET"

In this example, the letters of the word "LISTEN" have been rearranged to form "SILNET". By
unscrambling the letters, you can correctly identify the original word as "LISTEN".

Jumbled letters or anagrams are often used in puzzles, games, or educational activities to test one's
ability to rearrange letters and think critically about language and vocabulary.

6. What are pair words with examples.

A. Pair words, also known as word pairs or word combinations, are two words that are commonly
used together to express a specific meaning or concept. These words often form a natural
association due to their frequent use in language.

Examples of Pair Words:

1. Salt and Pepper:

o These words are commonly paired to refer to seasoning used in cooking.
o Example: "Please pass the salt and pepper."
2. Up and Down:
o These words are opposites and are often paired to indicate direction or movement.
o Example: "The elevator goes up and down."
3. Knife and Fork:
o These words are paired to describe utensils used for eating.
o Example: "Please set the table with a knife and fork."
4. High and Low:
o These words are opposites and are paired to describe levels or positions.
o Example: "The stock market can go high and low."
5. Peace and Quiet:
o These words are paired to describe a state of calm or absence of noise.
o Example: "I enjoy relaxing in peace and quiet."

Pair words are used in everyday language to convey specific meanings or ideas efficiently. They often
reflect common associations or combinations that are easily understood by native speakers.
7. What are writer's tricks and its importance.

A. Writer's tricks, often referred to as writing techniques or literary devices, are methods or tools
that writers use to create effects in their writing. These techniques help writers engage readers,
convey emotions, and enhance the overall impact of their work.

Importance of Writer's Tricks:

1. Enhanced Communication: Using techniques like imagery, metaphor, and simile helps
writers vividly describe scenes and ideas, making their writing more engaging and
understandable.
2. Emotional Impact: Techniques such as foreshadowing, suspense, and irony can evoke strong
emotions in readers, keeping them interested and connected to the story or message.
3. Creativity and Style: Techniques like alliteration, personification, and onomatopoeia allow
writers to showcase their unique style and creativity, making their writing more memorable
and distinctive.
4. Clarity and Persuasiveness: Techniques such as repetition, rhetorical questions, and
parallelism help writers emphasize key points and persuade readers effectively.
5. Entertainment and Enjoyment: Writers can entertain readers through humour, dialogue,
and storytelling techniques, ensuring that their work is enjoyable and captivating.

Overall, mastering writer's tricks enhances a writer's ability to communicate effectively, evoke
emotions, and create compelling narratives that resonate with readers. These techniques play a
crucial role in making writing more impactful and memorable.

8. What is Passive voice and Active voice with examples.

A. Active voice and passive voice are different ways to structure sentences based on how the action
is expressed. Here's a simple explanation with examples:

Active Voice:

• Definition: In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action.
• Structure: Subject + Verb + Object

Examples:

1. Active Voice: "John (subject) bought (verb) a new car (object)."

o Here, "John" is performing the action of buying the car.
2. Active Voice: "She (subject) plays (verb) the piano (object) beautifully."
o In this sentence, "She" is the one playing the piano.

Passive Voice:

• Definition: In passive voice, the object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence.
The focus is on what is being acted upon rather than who is performing the action.
• Structure: Object of the action + Verb (often "to be" + past participle) + by + Subject
(optional)
Examples:

1. Passive Voice: "A new car (object) was bought (verb) by John (subject)."
o Here, the focus is on the car (object) that was bought, and "John" (subject) is less
emphasized or may not be mentioned.
2. Passive Voice: "The piano (object) is played (verb) beautifully by her (subject)."
o In this sentence, the emphasis is on the piano being played, and "her" (subject) is
the performer.

Key Differences:

• Active Voice: Direct and straightforward, with the subject performing the action.
• Passive Voice: Indirect, focusing on what or who is affected by the action rather than the
doer.

Understanding when to use active or passive voice can affect clarity, emphasis, and style in writing,
depending on the context and purpose of the sentence.

9. What are proverbs with example

A. Proverbs are short, wise sayings that offer advice or express a universal truth based on common
sense or experience. They are often metaphorical and provide practical insights into life or
situations.

Examples of Proverbs:

1. "A stitch in time saves nine."

o Meaning: It's better to deal with a problem early on before it becomes bigger and
harder to fix.
2. "Actions speak louder than words."
o Meaning: What you do is more important than what you say.
3. "Better late than never."
o Meaning: It's better to do something late than to not do it at all.
4. "Don't put all your eggs in one basket."
o Meaning: Don't risk everything on a single venture or investment.
5. "Early bird catches the worm."
o Meaning: Being early or prompt gives you an advantage.

Proverbs are passed down through generations and across cultures because they encapsulate
wisdom in a concise and memorable way. They are often used in everyday conversation, writing, and
teaching to convey moral lessons or practical advice.
10. What is essay writing and format of essay writing.

A. Essay Writing involves expressing a coherent set of ideas into a structured argument. It typically
presents a writer's perspective or argument on a specific topic and supports it with evidence,
examples, and analysis.

Format of Essay Writing:

1. Introduction:
o Purpose: Introduce the topic and thesis statement (main argument).
o Content: Engage the reader and provide background information.
o Example: "In today's digital age, social media has transformed how people interact
and communicate."
2. Body Paragraphs:
o Purpose: Develop and support the thesis statement with evidence and analysis.
o Content: Each paragraph discusses a different aspect or supporting point.
o Example: Discuss how social media affects personal relationships, communication
styles, and societal norms.
3. Conclusion:
o Purpose: Summarize key points and restate the thesis statement.
o Content: Provide a final perspective or concluding thought on the topic.
o Example: "While social media offers many benefits, it also raises concerns about
privacy and its impact on face-to-face interactions."

Key Points to Remember:

• Thesis Statement: States the main argument or purpose of the essay.

• Evidence: Supports arguments with examples, statistics, or quotations.
• Analysis: Explores the significance and implications of the evidence presented.
• Structure: Follows a clear introduction, body, and conclusion format for coherence and
readability.

Essay writing allows writers to explore ideas, persuade readers, or analyze topics in depth. Following
a structured format helps organize thoughts and present arguments effectively.
11. What is presentation and its format.

A. Presentation refers to the act of delivering information to an audience. It involves

communicating ideas, data, or messages effectively using visual aids, spoken words, and sometimes
interactive elements.

Format of a Presentation:

1. Introduction:
o Purpose: Introduce yourself and the topic of your presentation.
o Content: State the objectives and outline what you will cover.
o Example: "Good morning! Today, I will discuss the impact of social media on
communication."
2. Body:
o Purpose: Present main points or arguments in a logical sequence.
o Content: Use slides or visuals to support key ideas and provide explanations.
o Example: Slide 1: "Overview of social media platforms"; Slide 2: "Effects on personal
relationships."
3. Conclusion:
o Purpose: Summarize key points and reinforce the main message.
o Content: Highlight key takeaways and invite questions or discussion.
o Example: "In conclusion, while social media enhances connectivity, it also poses
challenges to privacy."

Key Elements of a Presentation:

• Visual Aids: Use slides, charts, or graphics to enhance understanding.

• Engagement: Maintain audience interest through clear explanations and relevant examples.
• Timing: Manage time effectively to cover all points and allow for questions.
• Delivery: Speak clearly, maintain eye contact, and use gestures to emphasize key points.

A well-structured presentation helps convey information effectively, engage the audience, and
achieve the desired impact or outcome.