LIFE AV2 Full

UNIT1: LIFESTYLE
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1a How well do you sleep?

Vocabulary everyday routines
1 Work in pairs. Match the two parts of the expressions for everyday routines. Then
describe your typical day using some of the expressions.
1. get - g home late

2. do - f exercise
3. feel - h tired
4. fall - a asleep
5. take a - d break
6. watch - e TV
7. work long - c hours
8. wake up - b early
9. get up about - j eight
10. stay up - i until midnight
I often wake up early, at around 6 o'clock. After waking up, I get up about eight and start my
day. I do some exercise in the morning to stay active and healthy. Throughout the day, I work
long hours, sometimes until late in the evening. By the time I finish work, I often feel tired. I
take a break to relax and watch some TV before falling asleep. On most nights, I try to stay up
until midnight before finally falling asleep.
Grammar present simple and adverbs of frequency
4 Look at these sentences from the questionnaire. Match the sentences (1-2) with
their uses (a-b).
1- b) to talk about habits and routines
2- a) to talk about things that are always true
Explanation:
This sentence is talking about a habit or routine of working long hours and getting home
late. The use of present simple tense with an adverb of frequency "long hours" and "late"
indicates that the action is a routine or habit.
This sentence is stating a fact that is always true. The use of present simple tense with a
specific number "eight hours" indicates that this is a general truth, not related to a specific
time or situation.
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5 Look at the grammar box. Complete the article about sleep with the present
simple form of the verbs.
The secrets of sleep

Why do we sleep (we / sleep)?
From birth, we spend a third of our lives asleep, but scientists still do not know exactly
why.
Why do we have problems sleeping?

In modern society, many adults do not get the seven or eight hours of sleep they need
every night. We work long hours and we rarely go to bed at sunset.
Why do we sleep differently?
It depends on the time of year and also our age. Teenagers usually need more sleep than
adults. Lots of elderly people do not sleep longer than four or five hours at night, but they
often take naps during the day.
6 Pronunciation /s/, |z| or | IZ /
a3 Listen to the endings of these verbs. Is the sound / s / , |z| or | Lz / ?
1. feels - |z|
2. needs - |z|
3. watches - |Iz|
4. sleeps - |s|
5. goes - |z|
6. dances - |Iz|
7. does - |z|
8. works - |s|
7 Discuss the questions.
1. What time do you and your friends normally get up? How late do you stay up?
2. Does anyone in your family ever take a nap in the afternoon?
3. How does this change during the year? Do people sleep longer in the summer or in the
winter?
Answer
1. The time that you and your friends normally get up may vary depending on your
lifestyle and work schedule. Some people may wake up early in the morning and stay up
late at night, while others may prefer to sleep in and go to bed earlier. It also depends on
the age group, as younger people tend to stay up later than older adults.
2. Yes, some people in my family take naps in the afternoon, especially during weekends
or when they feel tired.
3. Seasonal changes can affect people's sleep patterns, as days tend to be longer in the
summer and shorter in the winter. In general, people may sleep longer in the winter due
to the lack of daylight and colder temperatures, while in the summer, they may stay up
later due to the longer daylight hours and warmer weather. However, this varies
depending on the individual and their personal preferences.
8 Look at the list. Then underline the adverbs of frequency in the questionnaire and
write the adverbs in the list.
Always: 100%
Usually: 80-99%
Often: 60-79%
Sometimes: 40-59%
Rarely: 20-39%
Hardly ever: 1-19%
Never: 0%
9 Look at the grammar box. Notice the position of the adverbs and expressions of
frequency in the sentences. Then choose the correct options to complete the rules (1-
2).
1. An adverb of frequency goes before the main verb, but after the verb to be.
2. An expression of frequency usually goes at the beginning, middle or end of a

sentence.
10 Put the adverb or expression in brackets in the correct place in the sentence.
Sometimes there is more than one correct answer.
1. My brother always plays tennis on Saturday mornings.
2. We eat out at a restaurant about once a month.

3. I take a bus to school every day.
4. She rarely is at home in the middle of the day. OR She is rarely at home in the
middle of the day.
5. They go on holiday twice a year.
6. Do you often late for work? OR Do you often arrive late for work?
11 Work in pairs. Find out about your partner's habits. Ask questions with How
often...? and these ideas. Answer using an adverb or expression of frequency.
A: How often do you eat out?
B: I eat out in restaurants about once a week.
A: How often do you take public transport?
B: I take public transport every day to go to work.
A: How often do you check your phone for messages?
B: I check my phone for messages several times a day.
A: How often do you go on holiday?
B: I go on holiday once a year.
12 Work in groups. Prepare a questionnaire about lifestyle for another group. Start
each question with How often...? Are you often...? or Do you often...? and offer three
choices of answer (A, B or C).
1. How often do you exercise? A) Every day B) Several times a week C) Rarely
2. Are you often stressed at work? A) Yes, all the time B) Sometimes C) Rarely
3. How often do you check your emails? A) Every hour B) A few times a day C) Once a
day
4. Do you often eat fast food? A) Yes, several times a week B) Sometimes C) Rarely
5. How often do you read books? A) Every day B) Several times a week C) Rarely
13 Work with another group and ask your questions from Exercise (12). Tell the
class about the other group's answers.
Group 1: They exercise several times a week, are sometimes stressed at work, check their
emails a few times a day, rarely eat fast food, and read books several times a week.
Group 2: They exercise every day, are rarely stressed at work, check their emails once a
day, sometimes eat fast food, and read books every day.
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1b The secrets of a long long life

1 Who is the oldest person you know? How old is he or she? How healthy is their
lifestyle?
Ex:The oldest person I know is my grandmother. She is 90 years old and has a very
healthy lifestyle. She eats a balanced diet, exercises regularly, and takes daily walks in
the park. She also enjoys doing crossword puzzles to keep her mind active. Despite her
age, she is still very independent and enjoys spending time with her family.
2 Work in pairs. Read the article The Secrets of a Long Life. Answer the questions.
1. Okinawa Island is in Japan.
2. Okinawa Island is famous for having a high number of centenarians, men and
women who live beyond one hundred years of age.
3. The people of Okinawa Island eat food that they catch and grow themselves,
including fish, fruit, and vegetables.
4. I do gardening, but I do not go fishing or cycling. However, I do spend time with

friends and exercise regularly.
Wordbuilding collocations with do, play and go
3 Read the article again and find the collocations with do, play and go.
- Do regular exercise
- Do gardening
- Do crossword puzzles
- Play games
- Play golf
- Go fishing
- Go cycling
- Go swimming
- Go hiking
4 Add these activities to the table in Exercise 3. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then
think of one more activity for each verb.
5 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about people you know using the collocations in
the table. My brother does karate. He's a black belt.
A: My sister plays tennis. She's been playing since she was a child.
B: That's cool. I know someone who plays the piano. He's a professional pianist.
A: Wow, that's impressive. I have a friend who goes hiking every weekend.
B: That sounds like fun. I know someone who does yoga. She's really flexible.
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Grammar present simple and present continuous
9 Look at the sentences from the interview. Which two sentences use the present
simple? Why?
- "Men live to the same age as women." (a general truth)
- "Every Sunday the whole family eats a big meal together." (a routine or habit)
10 To form the present continuous, use the verb "to be" in the present simple
followed by the present participle (-ing) of the main verb. The formula is: [subject]
+ [am/is/are] + [verb]-ing.
For example:
- I am studying English.
- She is watching a movie.
- They are playing soccer.
11 We use the present continuous to talk about something happening now or around
now. Match the three present continuous sentences in Exercise (9) with the specific
uses (a - c) .
- "He's speaking to us right now on the phone." (c - something actually in progress now)
- "Also, young people are moving to the city these days, so they are doing less exercise
because of their lifestyle." (b - something happening around now, but not necessarily at
this exact moment)
- "Well, one man is trying to answer these questions and that man is photographer David
McLain." (a - to talk about a changing situation)
12 Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of
these verbs.
1. We are learning a new language at the moment.
2. My friends and I often spend time at each other's houses.
3. Can you wait a moment? I am checking my emails.
4. How often do you go to the gym?
5. I am reading a really interesting book at the moment.
6. Currently, a friend of mine is not eating sweets and he says he feels healthier.
7. I am not playing any sports at the moment, but I used to exercise regularly.
8. More old people are playing computer games these days. It is not just the young
people.
Speaking
13 Write pairs of questions. Use the present simple in one question, and the present
continuous in the other.
1. a) How do you usually spend your free time?
b) Are you doing much sport these days?
2. a) Do you often read novels?
b) Are you reading any good books at the moment?

3. a) Where do you normally go on holiday?
b) Where do you plan to go this year?
4. a) Do you speak any other languages?
b) Are you learning any new languages?
14 Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions from Exercise 13.
Example conversation:
A: How do you usually spend your free time?
B: I like to read books and watch movies. Are you doing much sport these days?
A: Not really, I've been busy with work. Do you often read novels?
B: Yes, I love reading. Actually, I'm reading a really good book at the moment. Have you
read any good books lately?
A: Not recently, I've been meaning to though. Where do you normally go on holiday?
B: I usually go to the beach, but this year I'm planning to go to Europe. How about you?
A: I usually go camping with my family, but this year we haven't decided yet. Do you
speak any other languages?
B: Yes, I speak Spanish fluently. Are you learning any new languages?
A: I'm trying to learn French, but it's been a bit challenging.
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1c Nature is good for you

Reading
2 Read the article. Match the topics (a - c) with the paragraphs in the article (1 - 3)
a - Paragraph 1: how much time we spend outdoors

c - Paragraph 2: studies by doctors
b - Paragraph 3: making nature part of city life
3 Read the article again. Answer the questions.
1. Most people think that nature is good for us, it's good for our bodies and good for
our brains.
2. The main change in how people spend their time is that they are spending more
time inside and less time outside.
3. The number of visitors to Canada's national parks is getting lower every year.
4. After the maths test, some people looked at nature in a 3D-virtual-reality room
with pictures and sounds of nature.
5. Healthier people in Toronto lived near parks.
6. In Dubai, they are going to build a new shopping mall with a large garden so
shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants, and water.
7. In Switzerland, children can study in forests at "forest schools."
8. Around 13 million people visit the new forests near cities in South Korea every
year.
Word focus feel
5 Complete the questions with these words.
1. What do you usually feel like doing after a day at work?

2. Do you feel that nature is good for us? Why or why not?
3. After a difficult day, what makes you feel better in the evening?
6 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions from Exercise 5.
A: What do you usually feel like doing after a day at work?
B: Going for a run in my local park and then eating dinner. Sometimes I go out and meet
friends.
A: That sounds like a great way to unwind. Do you feel that nature is good for us?
B: Absolutely. I think spending time in nature has many benefits for our physical and
mental health. It can help reduce stress and improve our mood.
A: I totally agree. After a difficult day, what makes you feel better in the evening?
B: I like to take a long walk in the park or by the river. Being surrounded by nature helps
me relax and forget about the stresses of the day. How about you?
A: I usually like to do some yoga or meditation to clear my mind and calm my nerves. It
helps me feel more centered and peaceful. And I definitely agree that spending time in
nature is important for our well-being.
Critical thinking giving examples
7 When writers give an opinion in an article, they often support the idea with
examples. Look at these sentences from paragraph 1. Which sentence has the main
idea? Which sentences give examples?
- The main idea is in sentence b.

- Sentence a and c provide examples to support the main idea.
9 Complete these sentences in your own words. Use examples from your own life.
Then tell your partner.
1. I relax in my free time in different ways. For example, I like to read books, watch
movies, or listen to music. Sometimes I also enjoy going for a walk or spending
time with friends.
2. My home town has some places with trees and nature, such as a large park with a
lake and a botanical garden. There are also some hiking trails in the nearby hills
that offer beautiful views of the city.
3. There are some beautiful national parks in my country. A good example is Phong
Nha-Ke Bang National Park, which is home to some of the largest and most
spectacular caves in the world. Another example is Cat Ba National Park, which
has a diverse range of flora and fauna and is located on a beautiful island in
the Gulf of Tonkin.
Speaking
10 Work in groups of four. Imagine your town has some money to make people's
lives healthier. Look at the ideas below and think of one more.
- Another idea to make people's lives healthier could be to install outdoor
exercise stations in public parks or along walking paths. These exercise
stations would provide a variety of equipment for people to use for strength
and cardio workouts, and would encourage them to be more active and
healthy while enjoying the outdoors.
11 Discuss the ideas in your group and choose the best idea. Give reasons and
examples
Group discussion:
-Person 1: I think the new park with a children's play area is the best idea because it will
encourage families to spend more time outside and be active together.
-Person 2: I agree, but I also think the running track in the park is a good idea because it
will provide a designated space for people to exercise and improve their fitness.
-Person 3: I like the idea of the bridge across the river with a garden because it will create
a beautiful and peaceful space for people to relax and enjoy nature.
-Person 4: I think the cycle paths are the best idea because they will encourage people to
use alternative modes of transportation, which is good for the environment, and also
provide a safe and convenient way for people to exercise and get around town.
12 Present your idea to the class. Then compare your ideas. Try to agree on the best
idea.
-Our group suggests installing outdoor exercise stations in public parks or along walking
paths to promote physical activity and healthy living in our community. These stations
provide free and accessible ways for people to exercise and can lead to improved physical
health, mental well-being, and a sense of community.
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1d At th doctor’s
Vocabulary medical problem
1 Look at the pictures
a-4
b-1
c-2
d-7
e-8
f-6
g-3
h-5
2 What do you do when you have the problems in Exercise 1? Choose the best
option (1 - 3) for each problem. Work in pairs and compare your ideas.
a. 2 - I take medicine or pills.

b. 1 - I go to bed.
c. 2 - I take medicine or pills.
d. 3 - I go to the pharmacy or see my doctor.
e. 2 - I take medicine or pills.
f. 2 - I take medicine or pills.
g. 3 - I go to the pharmacy or see my doctor.
h. 2 - I take medicine or pills.
6 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-9) with the endings (a-i). Use the
expressions for talking about illness to help you.
1. c - Have you got an earache?

2. i - You should take one of these pills.
3. a - This medicine is good for stomach ache.
4. f - Try drinking hot water with honey and lemon.
5. b - Why don't you buy some cough sweets?
6. d - If you still feel ill, then come back and see me again.
7. h - Do you feel sick at all?
8. e - You need to take care of your sore throat.
9. g - Do you have a temperature?
7 Work in pairs.
Roleplay 1:
Student A: I've got a headache.
Student B: How do you feel? Have you taken anything for it?
Student A: I feel really bad. No, I haven't taken anything yet.
Student B: You should take some paracetamol or ibuprofen. That should help relieve the
pain.
Roleplay 2:
Student A: I've got a bad cough.
Student B: Do you feel sick at all?
Student A: Yes, I feel really tired and weak.
Student B: You need to rest and drink lots of fluids. You could also try some cough
syrup or lozenges to help with the cough. If you still feel ill after a few days, you should
see a doctor.
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1e Personal information
Writing filling in a form
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
As a university student in Vietnam, I often fill in course registration forms which require
my personal details, course preferences, academic performance, and possible special
needs. This form is necessary for me to enroll in the courses I need and plan my schedule
for the upcoming semester.
3 Writing skill information on forms
A 1 - Marital status
2 - Medication information
3 - Children information
4 - Country of birth
5 - City/town of birth
6 - Emergency contact information
7 - Middle name initial
B Look at the forms again. Answer these questions. Then check your answers on page
155.
1. DOB = Date of birth

2. Mr = Mister (for men), Mrs = Mistress (for married women), Ms = Miss
(for unmarried women), Dr = Doctor (for medical professionals)
3. The form for emergency contact information does not want you to write in lower-
case letters.
4 Work in pairs. Design a form for new students at a language school.
Please fill in the following information:

1. Personal Information:
• Full Name:
• Gender:
• Date of Birth:
• Nationality:
• Contact Number:
• Email Address:
2. Language Course Information:
• Course Name:
• Course Level:
• Course Duration:
• Start Date:
3. Education Background:
• Highest Level of Education Completed:
• Name of Institution:
• Location of Institution:
• Year of Completion:
4. Language Proficiency:
• Native Language:
• Other Languages Spoken:
• Proficiency Level in English:
5. Emergency Contact Information:
• Full Name of Contact Person:
• Relationship to Student:
• Contact Number:
• Email Address:
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UNIT 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar
1 Choose the correct options to complete the text about a man called Nazroo
Every day, Nazroo works with elephants in this photo, he takes his favourite
elephant, Rajan, for a swim. They swim in the sea around the Andaman Island.
Sometimes, they like to relax this way after a hard day. Rajan doesn't seem worried about
being under the water; I suppose it feels good after a long, hot day at work.
2 Write the expression in brackets in the correct place in the sentence. In three
sentences, there is more than one correct position.
1. I rarely play computer and video games.
2. We're studying Spanish at the moment.
3. Every weekend, my family does sport.
4. These days, all my friends are working.
3 >> MB Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 2 so they are true for you.
1. I rarely play computer and video games.
2. I'm currently studying Spanish.
3. My family engages in sports every weekend.
4. These days, all my friends are working.
Vocabulary
4 Match the verbs in A with the words in B. Then complete the sentences with the
expressions.
1. I can't fall asleep because of all the noise outside my bedroom.
2. At work, we always take a break at 11 and have a coffee.
3. We all work long hours these days because there is a lot to do.
4. Sometimes I get up late and I miss my bus to school.
5. How much TV do you watch in the evenings?
5 Which words can follow the verb in CAPITAL letters? Cross out the incorrect
word.
1. Cross out "relaxing" (incorrect). Correct: DO exercise, housework, yoga.
2. Cross out "home" (incorrect). Correct: GO asleep, clubbing, jogging.
3. Cross out "games" (incorrect). Correct: PLAY golf, swimming, tennis.
4. Cross out "ache" (incorrect). Correct: FEEL tired, happy, sick.
6 >> MB Work in pairs. Write five sentences using verbs from Exercises 4 and 5,
but miss out the verb.
Here are five sentences with missing verbs from Exercises 4 and 5:
I usually ____ in the evenings to relax.
On weekends, we often _____ with friends at a nearby park.
After a long day at work, I like to _____ and watch my favorite TV show.
In the mornings, I enjoy _____ a cup of coffee to start my day.
My friends and I like to _____ on the weekends to play sports together.
Real life
7 Choose the correct option to complete the conversation between two friends.
A: How do you feel?
B: Not very well. I've got a sore throat.
A: Do you feel a temperature?
B: I don't know. I feel a bit hot.
A: Try drinking some honey and lemon in hot water.
B: Good idea.
A: But you should also see your doctor.
8 >> MB Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What medical problems do the people have?
Picture 1: Back pain.
Picture 2: Headache.
Picture 3: Stomachache.
2 What advice can you give them? e.g. You should go to bed.
Picture 1: You should try stretching exercises and avoid heavy lifting.
Picture 2: You should rest in a quiet and dark room, and consider taking a pain reliever if
necessary.
Picture 3: You should drink plenty of water, eat light and easily digestible foods, and
consider taking an antacid if the pain persists.
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UNIT 2 Competitions
1. Look at the photo. What sport is it? Do you like this kind of sport?
1. This sport is swimming
2. Yes, I do. Because swimming is a popular sport that offers numerous benefits such as
improving cardiovascular health, building endurance, toning muscles, and reducing
stress.
3 Look at these words from the same family. Which word is:
1. compete (verb)
2. competitive (adjective)
3. competition (noun - thing)
4. competitor (noun - person)
4 Complete the questions with the words from Exercise 3. Then ask and answer the
questions with a partner.
1. In sport, are you normally a competitor or a spectator?

2. Do you ever compete in sports?
3. What types of competition do you like?
4. Are you a competitive person? Why? / Why not?
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2a Crazy competitions!
Reading
1 Look at the title of the article and the two photos. Why do you think the
competitions are 'crazy?
The competitions are likely called "crazy" because they involve unusual or
unexpected challenges, such as racing with a shopping cart or playing football in deep
mud.
2 Read the article. Which competition is a race between different teams? Which is a
match between two teams?
The Idiotarod is a race between different teams, while the Mud Bowl
Championship is a match between two teams.
4 Which of the two sports would you like to play or watch? Do you have any crazy
competitions in your country?
- I would like to play and watch The Idiotarod because it seems like a fun and unique
competition with a shopping cart as the main prop.
- Yes, there are many unique and interesting competitions held in Vietnam, such as the
buffalo fighting festival in Do Son, the boat racing festival in Quang Binh, and the fish
catching festival in Nghe An. These events showcase different aspects of Vietnamese
culture and traditions.
Vocabulary sport
5 Look at the highlighted words in the article. Use the words to complete the
sentences below.
1. Runners at the Olympic Games get a gold medal when they win a race.
2. In football, there are eleven players on each side.
3. At the beginning of the championship there are 24 teams. In the final, there can
only be two.
4. A rugby match lasts eighty minutes.
5. How many goals did you score?
6. The team received a gold medal.
7. How many different kinds of race can you think of?
6 Work in pairs. Answer these questions.
1. How many different kinds of race can you think of?

• There are many different kinds of races, such as running races, swimming races,
cycling races, horse races, car races, and boat races.
2. How many players are there in your favourite team sports?
• My favorite team sport is football, and there are eleven players on each side.
3. What are the names of the sports teams in your town or city?
- The names of football sports teams in my city are: Ho Chi Minh City FC, Sai Gon
FC, Binh Duong FC, Song Lam Nghe An FC (Ho Chi Minh City branch), Dong
Nai FC (Ho Chi Minh City branch), An Giang FC (Ho Chi Minh City branch)
4. In what games do you score goals and in what games do you score points?
• In games like football, hockey, and basketball, you score goals. In games like
tennis, volleyball, and badminton, you score points. However, there are some
sports where you can score either goals or points, depending on the specific rules
of the game.
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Grammar verbs for rules
7 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Complete the explanations (a-d) with
the verbs in bold in the grammar box.
a. We use "must" or "have to" when rules say it's obligatory.

b. We use "can" when it's allowed in the rules.
c. We use "don't have to" when something is not obligatory but is allowed by the rules.
d. We use “can’t” or "mustn't" when it isn't allowed in the rules.
8 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences about different sports.
1. In golf, you have to hit the ball into nine or eighteen holes.
2. Competitors mustn't argue with the referee.
3. In football, a goalkeeper is the only player who can pick up the ball.
4. Players can't throw the ball backwards in rugby.
5. A referee mustn't send a player off the pitch when he breaks the rules of the game.
6. In table tennis, the ball can't hit the table.
7. In tennis, the players don't have to win every point to win a match.
Speaking
10 Work in pairs. You are going to explain the rules for a sport or competition.
Choose one of the following. Make a list of six to seven rules.
An annual national or international competition is the World Chess Championship. The

rules are:
1. Players must take turns moving their pieces on the board.
2. A player must capture the opponent's king to win the game.
3. A player cannot move their king into a position where it can be captured.
4. A player cannot move their pieces through other pieces.
5. A player must announce when their opponent's king is in check.
6. A player cannot touch a piece and then change their mind and move a different
piece.
7. A player cannot move a piece that puts or leaves their own king in check.
11 Work with another pair. Take turns to explain your rules. Ask questions if you
don't understand.
- For the World Chess Championship, do players have to use a specific type of
chessboard or pieces?
- Can a player move their pieces diagonally?
- How is a draw decided in the World Chess Championship?
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2b Winning and losing

Wordbuilding suffixes
1 Are any of the sportspeople in the photos famous in your country? Match the
people with these words.
tennis player - venus williams
runner – Usain Bolt
footballer – Lionel Messi
athlete - Jessica Ennis-Hill
2 Look at the wordbuilding box. What is the word for a person who:
1. boxer
2. motorcyclist
3. baseball player
4. swimmer
5. chess player
6. racing driver
7. gymnast
8. surfer
3 Who are the most famous sportspeople in your country? What type of
sportspeople are they? (e.g. a footballer, an athlete)
Nguyễn Công Phượng is very famous in my country. He's a footballer. He is one of the
most famous football players in Vietnam and has played an important role in many
matches of the Vietnamese national team.
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8 Work in groups. Discuss the opinions in Exercise 6. Answer these questions.

1. Which opinions do you agree with?
I think that opinions 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9 are valid.
2. Which do you disagree with?
I disagree with opinions 2, 7, and 8.
3. Are there any other reasons for or against competitive sports in schools?
Additional reasons for competitive sports: building self-discipline, time management, and
leadership skills. Arguments against: risk of injuries, pressure to win, and potential for
discrimination.
Grammar -ing form
9 Look at the grammar box. Underline the verbs in the -ing form. Then match them
with the uses of the -ing form (a - c)
here are three verbs in the -ing form in the provided text:
1. Learning
2. Teaching
3. Losing
Matched with the uses of the -ing form:
a. Learning (as in "Learning to win and lose is important in a child's education") is used
as the subject of the sentence.
b. Teaching (as in "Competitive sports in schools are good for teaching children") comes
after the verb 'for' and is used to show the purpose or reason for something.
c. Losing (as in "Some parents hate losing") comes after the preposition 'of' and is used as
the object of the preposition.
10 Put the words in order to make quotes by famous sportspeople. Then match the -
ing forms with the uses (a-c) in Exercise 9.
1. "I never thought of losing." - Muhammed Ali, boxer.

2. "I just love winning." - Ayrton Senna, racing driver.
3. "A champion isn't afraid of losing." - Billie Jean King, tennis player.
4. "I hate losing." - Sachin Tendulkar, cricketer.
5. "I'm more worried about being a good person than being the best football player."
- Lionel Messi, footballer.
6. "Winning isn't everything, swimming is." - Mark Spitz, swimmer.
11 Choose the correct options to complete this conversation. Then listen and check.
A: What's on TV?
B: Cycling from France. It's the Tour de France. I love watching it.
A: Oh no! I think it's boring!
B: I really enjoy seeing them on the mountains.
A: Sitting in front of the TV all day is not exciting. I'm bored with doing nothing. Are
you any good at tennis? We could play this afternoon.
B: But I want to watch this.
A: I see. Are you afraid of losing?
Speaking
13 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out what sports or leisure activities
your partner likes. Then complete the sentences.
1. I love watching basketball, but my partner doesn't enjoy it.

2. I think golf is boring, but my partner loves playing it!
3. We both enjoy going to the movies, but we hate doing yard work.
4. I'm good at playing soccer, but my partner isn't.
5. My partner likes going to the gym, but I prefer doing yoga at home.
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2c Bolivian wrestlers
Reading
1:Discuss the questions.
1. In my country, there are quite a lot of people who watch boxing and wrestling.
2. Some people may dislike these types of sports due to their high level of danger or
violence.
3. I think that boxing and wrestling are very popular sports with many fans, but I also
understand why some people may not like them because of their level of danger
and violence.
2 Read the article about wrestling in Bolivia. Which
paragraph (1-5) describes:
a the two wrestlers before the fight? 2
b the popularity of male and female wrestling in Bolivia? 1
c Yolanda's family life? 4
d the reason why a fan watches it? 5
e the fight between the two wrestlers? 3
3 Find words in the article for these definitions.
1. entertainment
2. ring
3. crowd
4. commentator
5. go crazy
6. fans
7. salary
4 An article doesn't always tell us about how the people feel, but we can often guess.
Match the people from the article (1-3) with the sentences (a-c).
1. Yolanda - b. 'I feel wonderful every time I go out there.'

2. One of Yolanda's daughters - a. 'I don't like the days when the wrestling happens.'
3. Esperanza - c. 'Life is very hard for people like me.'
Word focus like
6 Look at the word like in these sentences. Match the sentences (1-4) with the uses
(a-d).
1a
2c
3d
4a
7 Match these questions with like (1-4) with the

answers (a-d).
1b
2c
3a
4b
8 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask the questions from Exercise 7 and give your own
answers.
Person A: What do you like doing at the weekend?
Person B: I usually like to go hiking or visit museums.
Person B: What kind of music do you like?
Person A: I like all kinds of music, but I especially enjoy listening to jazz and classical.
Person A: Are you like anyone in your family?
Person B: Yes, I've been told that I look a lot like my older sister.
Person B: Where would you like to go on holiday next?
Person A: I would love to visit Japan and explore its culture and history.
9 Work in groups. Can you say ten sports in the Olympic Games?
-Athletics, swimming, gymnastics, cycling, tennis, volleyball, basketball, football

(soccer), boxing, weightlifting, wrestling, fencing, judo, taekwondo, table tennis,
badminton, rowing, canoeing, kayaking, sailing, shooting, archery, triathlon, modern
pentathlon.
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2d Joining a group
Speaking
1 Work as a class or in groups. Interview different people. Find someone who:
1. Are you a member of any teams or clubs? Which one(s)?

2. Do you have to go to regular meetings as part of your membership? How often?
3. Do you pay to be a member of any team or club?
Do you compete with your team or club, or is it more for recreational purposes?
Real life talking about interests
2 Look at the adverts. Which information (1-4) is in each advert? Underline the
information.
For advert A (running group):

• When the club meets: 7 p.m. every Wednesday.
• Reasons to join: Get fit, make new friends, non-competitive and fun.
• How to contact the club: Call Mike for details on 0776 58945.
For advert B (photography club):
• The membership fee: Entry fee is 15 euros (including membership).
• Reasons to join: Regular speakers, summer photography competition with a
chance to win a new XP8ii camera.
• How to contact the club: Visit www.bartonphotoclub.com to join.
For advert C (theatre group):
• When the club meets: Twice a week starting from 2nd April.
• Reasons to join: Have fun, be part of a musical comedy, enthusiasm is more
important than talent.
• How to contact the club: Write to Mandy Giles on [email protected].
6 Pronunciation silent letters
Some letters in English words are not pronounced. Listen to these words from the
conversation and cross out the silent letters. Then listen again and repeat.
1 interested - t
2 should - l
3 friends - d
4 write - w
5 half - l
6 what – t
7 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1. Would you like to join one of the clubs in Exercise 2? Why? / Why not?
• Well, I'm interested in the running group because I want to improve my fitness and
meet new people. It sounds like a fun and non-competitive way to exercise. I
might give Mike a call to find out more information.
• I'm not very good at photography, but the Barton Photography Club sounds
interesting because they have regular speakers and a summer photography
competition with a chance to win a new camera. However, the entry fee is a bit
expensive for me, so I might not join.
• I love musicals and acting, so I would definitely like to join the theatre group.
Even though I don't have much talent, I think it would be fun to be part of
a musical comedy and meet new people. I'll definitely write to Mandy Giles to
find out more information.
2. What other types of clubs would you like to join? Why would you like to join
them?
• I would like to join a language exchange club because I want to improve
my English skills and meet people from different cultures. It would be a great
opportunity to practice speaking and learn more about other countries.
• I'm interested in joining a book club because I love reading and discussing books
with others. It would be a great way to discover new authors and perspectives, and
to meet people who share my interests.
• I would like to join a cooking club because I enjoy trying new recipes and learning
new cooking techniques. It would be a fun way to improve my cooking skills and
meet people who love food.
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2e Advertising for members

Writing an advert or notice
1 What makes a good advert and a bad advert? Think about adverts you like and
don't like in magazines, on TV or online.
- A good advert catches attention, conveys its message effectively, provides relevant
information, and has visually appealing graphics.
- A bad advert fails to engage the reader, provides too much irrelevant information,
is visually unappealing, and poorly targets its audience.
2 Read the advice about how to write effective adverts and notices. Then look at the
adverts in Exercise 2. Answer these questions.
1. The advert for the Barton Photography Club follows most of the advice, as it has a
good headline that asks people to join and offers a prize for joining before a
certain date. It also explains the reasons for joining, such as having access to
regular speakers and a photography competition. It includes important information
about the entry fee and the website to join, as well as a picture of a camera.
2. The running group advert could be improved by including a more engaging
headline that asks a question or solves a problem, and offering a prize or special
promotion for joining. It could also explain more clearly the benefits of joining the
group, such as improving fitness and meeting new people. Including a picture of
people running could also make the advert more visually appealing.
3 Work in pairs. You are going to plan a new club. Discuss the questions.
1. Our club is a hiking group.
2. The club is for nature lovers and hikers of all levels.
3. Members must follow safety guidelines and respect nature and others.
4. Membership fee is $20/month with discounts on hiking gear.
5. The club meets once a week on Saturdays with occasional weekend trips.
4 Plan and write an advert for your club.
Join our Hiking Club! $20/month membership fee includes access to organized hikes &
discounts on gear. All levels welcome. Hikes range from easy to moderate. Saturday
meetings with weekend trips. Contact us at [email protected].
5 Writing skill checking your writing
a.
1. Would you like to learn a musical instrument? (no mistake)
2. Enter our exciting competition! (Sp)
3. Are you good at playing tennis? (ww)
4. We meet on Tuesdays and Thursdays. (Prep)
5. It's a fun way to get fit. (no mistake)
6. Join this new club! (wo)
7. Get healthy and practice yoga. (ww)
8. Call Peter on 0772 375 980. (Sp)
b. There are no mistakes in the advert from Exercise 4.
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Grammar
1 Choose the correct options to complete the text. about an unusual competition..
The first bed race was in Knaresborough, UK, in 1966. The rules are simple. Each team
'has to' race with one bed on wheels. There are six people in a team and one passenger.
The team 'doesn't have to' have either six men or six women, or you 'can' race with a team
of three men and three women. The passenger 'has to' be an adult but he or she 'doesn't
have to' be younger than twelve years of age. The time limit for the race is thirty minutes
and you 'mustn't' take longer.
2 >> MB Work in pairs. What sports do these people play? Say two rules for each
sport.
1. Footballer - Lionel Messi:
Sport: Football (soccer)
Rules:
• Players must use their feet to control and pass the ball, except for the goalkeeper
who can use their hands within the penalty area.
• A player cannot be in an offside position when the ball is played to them unless
there are at least two defenders between them and the goal.
2. Tennis player - Venus Williams:
Sport: Tennis
Rules:
• The ball must be served diagonally across the net, alternating between the right
and left service courts.
• Players must stay within the boundaries of the court while hitting the ball, and the
ball must bounce once on each side of the net during a rally.
3 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of these verbs.
2. Learning to speak another language is very useful.
3. Sport is good for staying healthy.
4. Peter hates playing any type of game.
5. Trying is more important than winning.
6. We're bored of watching this match.
7. I love going to the cinema after work.
4 >> MB Complete the sentences in your own words using -ing forms. Then tell your
partner.
1. Exercising is very good for you.
2. I'm really interested in learning about different cultures.
3. I don't like losing in competitions.
Vocabulary
5 Write the missing vowels in these words connected with sport. Race with your
partner to see who can finish first.
1. RACE
2. GOALS
3. CROWD
4. MATCH
5. FINISH LINE
6. BASKETBALL
7. WINNER
8. FANS
9. TEAM
10. BOXER
6 Answer these questions with four of the words from Exercise 5.
1. What do you have to cross in a race? - Answer: Finish line
2. What is the opposite of a loser? - Answer: Winner
3. What type of competition is Formula One? - Answer: Race
4. What are the group of people who like a sports person or team? - Answer: Fans
7 >> MB Work in pairs
. Choose four more words from Exercise 5 and write four questions. Then work with
another pair and ask and answer your questions.
1. What is the main objective of a basketball game?
The main objective of a basketball game is to score points by shooting the ball into
the opponent's basket while defending one's own basket.
2. In which sport do players compete in a ring?
In boxing, players compete in a ring.
3. What do athletes aim to do in a marathon?
In a marathon, athletes aim to complete a long-distance race, typically 42.195
kilometers (26.2 miles), usually on roads or a designated course, within a certain
time frame.
4. What is the primary equipment used in boxing?
The primary equipment used in boxing includes gloves, mouthguards, and
protective headgear (optional in some cases).
Real life
8 Complete the conversation. Write one word in each gap.
A: Are you interested in painting? There's a new evening course at my college.
B: I'm afraid I'm not very good at art.
A: I'm not either, but I'd like to learn. Go on! You should do it with me.
B: Sorry, what about doing something else?
A: Do you like taking photos? There's also a course for that.
B: Actually, that looks interesting.
9 MB Complete these sentences in your own words. Then tell your partner.
1. I'm good at playing the guitar.
2. I wouldn't like to go bungee jumping.
3. I'm also interested in learning languages.
4. I think I'd enjoy learning how to cook.
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Unit 3 Transport
3 Work in pairs. Which ways of travelling would you prefer for the activities (1-10)?
Give your reasons.
1. Visit relatives: I would prefer to visit my relatives on foot because they live
nearby, so it would be a good opportunity to get some exercise and fresh air.
2. Move house and furniture: I would prefer to use my car or a lorry to move
house and furniture, depending on the amount of stuff I need to move.
3. Get to the airport: I would prefer to take a taxi or drive my car to the airport
because it's more convenient and I can control my own schedule.
4. Go on holiday: I would prefer to take a plane or a ferry to go on holiday because

it's faster and more efficient.
5. Cross an ocean: I would prefer to take a ship or a ferry to cross an ocean

because it's more comfortable and I can enjoy the journey.
6. Get to the railway station: I would prefer to take a bus or a taxi to get to the
railway station because it's more convenient and I don't have to worry about
parking.
7. Go out in the evening to a party or restaurant: I would prefer to take a taxi or

drive my car to go out in the evening to a party or restaurant because it's more
convenient and safer.
8. Take children to school: I would prefer to take my children to school by car or

on foot, depending on the distance and the weather.
9. Commute to your place of work or study: I would prefer to take a bus or a train
to commute to my place of work or study because it's more efficient and I don't
have to worry about parking.
10. Go shopping: I would prefer to take a car or a bus to go shopping because it's
more convenient and I can carry more stuff.
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3a Transport solutions
Reading
1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.
1. How do you go to your place of work or study?

• I usually go to my university by motorbike.
• Sometimes, I take the bus or walk to my university.
2. Do you use public transport?
• Yes, I use public transport when I need to go to places that are farther away.
• No, I prefer to use my own vehicle or walk to nearby places.
3. Are there often traffic problems?
• Yes, there are often traffic problems during rush hours.
2 Read the article about four solutions to transport problems. Match the
paragraphs (A - D) with the photos (1-4).
1D
2B
3A
4C
3 Look at the photos and read the article again. Which types of transport (A-D) do
you think the sentences describe? Some sentences describe more than one type.
2. Photo A, D - This refers to driverless cars and the Hyperloop, which are both faster
ways to commute.
3. Photo C - This refers to the German company testing huge kites on container ships to
use wind energy.
4. Photo A, D - This refers to driverless cars using solar energy and the Hyperloop, which
are both eco-friendly and can make travel cheaper.
5. Photo A, B - This refers to driverless cars and the monorail in New Zealand, which can
help reduce traffic problems and make travel more convenient.
6. Photo D - This refers to the Hyperloop, which is designed for shorter distances and can
travel at very high speeds.
Vocabulary transport nouns
4 Find these compound nouns in the article. Match the nouns with the definitions (1-
7).
1. Speed limit
2. Traffic jam
3. Rush hour
4. Fuel costs
5. Emissions
6. City centres
7. Container ships
5 Work in pair. Discuss the questions.
1 Which of the four transport solutions in the article do you think are a good idea?
All of the transport solutions mentioned in the article have the potential to be good ideas
depending on the context:
-Driverless cars can increase safety and reduce emissions
-The monorail in New Zealand can offer a unique and eco-friendly solution for traffic
congestion,
-the use of wind power on container ships can reduce fuel costs and emissions.
-Hyperloop can offer a very fast and efficient mode of transport for longer distances.
2 Which traffic problems will they solve in your area?
The specific traffic problems that each solution can solve will depend on the area and the
context: Driverless cars and the Hyperloop can potentially reduce traffic congestion on
highways and in city centers, while the monorail in New Zealand can offer a solution for
commuters stuck in traffic during rush hour. The use of wind power on container ships
can help reduce emissions and fuel costs in areas with heavy shipping traffic.
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Grammar comparatives and superlatives

7 Listen again these sentences. . Choose the correct option in
1. Eight thirty is the worst time for traffic.
2. My bicycle is faster than your car in the rush hour!
3. I travel further than you.
4. They're best for the environment.
5. They're better but they're also more expensive.
6. A new electric car is the most expensive type of car.
7. The fastest bus takes over an hour.
8 Look at the grammar box. Answer these questions.
1. We add -er to short adjectives (fast, cheap, etc.) to form comparative
adjectives and -est to form superlative adjectives.
For example: fast - faster - fastest, cheap - cheaper - cheapest.
2. We use most before longer adjectives to make the superlative.
For example: beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful.
3. The comparative and superlative forms of the irregular adjectives are: far -
farther/further - farthest/furthest, good - better - best, bad - worse - worst.
4. The word often comes after a comparative adjective is "than". For example: This
car is faster than that one. The word normally comes before a superlative adjective
is "the".
For example: This is the fastest car.
10 Complete this report about a transport survey. Write the correct comparative or
superlative form of the adjectives.
Report on local transport
For commuting and daytime travel in our town, the most popular form of transport is the
bus because it's cheaper than going by car or taxi. However, some people in the survey
want better cycle paths because the bus is slower than a bicycle in the rush hour.
Everyone said that parking in the town centre is the biggest problem, so people don't
often use their cars. As a result, taxis are more popular than private cars in the evenings,
even though taxis are the most expensive type of transport.
Speaking
11 Work in pairs. Make comparative and superlative sentences with these transport
words and adjectives. How many sentences can you make in three minutes?
• Cars are cheaper than taxis, but bicycles are the cheapest mode of transport.
• Taxis are more expensive than buses, but planes are the most expensive mode of
transport.
• Buses are slower than motorbikes, but bicycles are the slowest mode of transport.
• Cars are more popular than trains, but taxis are the most popular mode of
transport.
• Taxis are worse than buses, but motorbikes are the worst mode of transport.
• Ships are safer than planes, but bicycles are the safest mode of transport.
• Motorbikes are quicker than cars, but trains are the quickest mode of transport.
• Buses are good for the environment, but planes are the best mode of transport in
terms of speed.
• Taxis are bad for the environment, but bicycles are the best mode of transport in
terms of sustainability.
12 Find out about your partner's journey to work or college. Ask these questions.
1. How far do you travel to work or college?
Partner: I travel about 10 kilometers to get to college.
2. And how long does it take you to get there?
Partner: It takes me around 45 minutes to an hour, depending on traffic.
3. That's quite a long journey. How much does it cost you every week?
Partner: It costs me around 30,000 VND per day, so about 150,000 VND per week.
13 Make sentences comparing your journeys.
- The distance from my home to the library is shorter than the distance from my
home to the gym.
- It takes me less time to get to school in the morning than it takes me to get to work
in the afternoon.
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3b Transport around the world

Listening
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos of the camel and the huskies. Where in the
world do you think they are? What are the advantages of using animals for
transport in these parts of the world?
- The Huskies could be in a cold climate region like Alaska, while the camel could
be in the Sahara in Africa or the Gobi in Asia.
- Using animals for transportation in these regions has advantages such as their
ability to move well on snow or to withstand high temperatures in deserts.
Animals can also access remote areas, and using them for transportation is more
environmentally friendly than using motorized vehicles.
Grammar as... as
4 Look at the grammar box and answer these questions.
a) Sentence 1 and sentence 2 say two things are the same or equal.
b) Sentence 3 and sentence 4 say two things are different, and one thing is less than the
other.
5 Read the first sentence. Then complete the second sentence. Use as ... as or not as...
as and the adjective in brackets.
2 A train from England to France is not as slow as a ferry.
3 In the New York rush hour, cycling to work is not as fast as going by bus.
4 Cycling in Germany is as popular as in Finland.
5 London Heathrow airport is not as busy as Atlanta airport.
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Vocabulary transport adjectives

8 Read part of a news article about taxis in London. What does it compare?
The news article compares the traditional black cabs in London to private hire taxis
such as Uber, Karhoo, or Addison Lee. It compares their convenience, comfort,
punctuality, cost, speed, and reliability in different traffic conditions.
9 Find these words in the article. Then match them with the definitions (1 - 6)
convenient - 5. It's near or easy to use.
traditional - 3. It's always been the same.
frequent - 2. It comes often or regularly.
punctual - 1. It's always on time.
comfortable - 4. It's nice to sit in.
reliable - 6. It does what you need it to.
10 Look at the grammar box. Complete these rules with the correct modifiers.
1 To talk about a small difference, we use a bit or a little before a comparative adjective.
2 To talk about a big difference, we use much or a lot before a comparative adjective
11 Work in pairs. Look at the information about transport for visitors to London.
Write sentences using these ideas and comparative modifiers.
1 A London bus is a lot less expensive than a black cab.
2 London buses are more frequent than river boats.
3 The river boat is more comfortable than a London bus.
4 A black cab is more convenient than a London bus.
12 Make three more sentences with comparative modifiers using the information
about London transport in Exercise 11.
• The river boat is more expensive than a London bus, but it's also more comfortable
and scenic.
• A black cab is a lot more expensive than a London bus, but it's also more
convenient and faster in heavy traffic.
• Although London buses are more frequent than river boats, the latter is a more
enjoyable way to see the city's famous landmarks along the Thames River.
13 What advice would you give a visitor who arrives in your country for the first
time? What are the best ways to get around? Tell your partner.
If a visitor arrives in Vietnam for the first time, I would recommend them to plan
their transportation options in advance. There are various ways to get around such as
buses, taxis, motorbike taxis, and ride-hailing services like Grab. However, it's important
to be aware of the traffic conditions and consider the travel time accordingly. For short
distances, a motorbike taxi or ride-hailing service could be a good option, while for
longer distances, buses or taxis may be more suitable. Additionally, it's always a good
idea to have a map or GPS device to navigate around the city.
Trang 38
3c The end of the road

Reading
2 Read the article. Which paragraph talks about:
a. Paragraph 2 talks about why people like rickshaws in Kolkata.
b. Paragraph 3 talks about modern transport in Kolkata.
e. Paragraph 3 talks about the end of the old rickshaws in Kolkata.
3 Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 Kolkata has a population of around 15 million people.
2 Kolkata is noisy due to traffic jams with cars, public buses, taxis, motorbikes, and
pedicabs. Drivers honk their horns from morning to night.
3 The old parts of the city have smaller streets which are better if pedestrians go on foot.
Cars can't drive down them, so they are much quieter and a lot safer.
4 In paragraph 2, children take rickshaws to school, commuters take them to work if they
miss their bus, and housewives prefer to go by rickshaw to the local markets.
5 Some politicians want rickshaw drivers to use modern electric rickshaws, which are
clean and fast.
6 Around 2,000 people pull the old rickshaws in Kolkata.
7 The drivers don't want the new rickshaws because they are very expensive, and these
drivers can't afford them.
Critical thinking opinions for and against
6 There are five different groups of people in the article: shoppers, tourists,
politicians, commuters and rickshaw drivers. Which groups:
1 are for hand-pulled rickshaws in Kolkata?
For hand-pulled rickshaws: Local people, commuters, and rickshaw drivers.
• Local people still like using them and they are popular with many.
• Commuters find them cheaper than taxis and can take them anywhere when the
traffic is bad.
• Rickshaw drivers use them as their source of income and cannot afford the
expensive modern electric rickshaws.
2 are against the rickshaws?
Against the rickshaws: Politicians.
- They think it's wrong for one human to pull other humans.
7 Do you think the writer gives a balanced view of the opinions on both sides? Why?
/ Why not?
The writer presents opinions from both sides of the argument, but there is more
emphasis on the negative side of the argument against hand-pulled rickshaws. The
politicians are the only group who are against the rickshaws, and their reasons are clearly
stated. On the other hand, the reasons for the other groups who are for the rickshaws are
not given as much emphasis and are scattered throughout the article. Overall, the writer
does not give a perfectly balanced view, but they do present both sides of the argument.
8 Look at this advert for pedicabs. Do you have them in your country? Why are
they popular?
- In Vietnam, we do have pedicabs, which are also known as cyclos or xích lô. They
are popular in tourist areas such as Hanoi's Old Quarter or Ho Chi Minh City's
District 1.
- Pedicabs are a great way to explore the city's narrow streets and alleys, which can
be difficult to navigate by car or motorbike. They are also environmentally
friendly and quieter than other types of transport, making for a more peaceful ride.
9 Work in groups. You want to start a pedicab company in your town or city.
Discuss the questions and make notes.
1 Main customers: Tourists and locals looking for eco-friendly and personalized
transportation.
2 Pedicabs are better than other types of transport because they are environmentally
friendly, quieter, and can access narrow streets and pedestrian areas.
3 Pricing: Competitive with other transport options, with hourly rates or flat fees for
specific routes, and discounts for regular customers or group bookings.
4 Business name: Creative and catchy, reflecting eco-friendliness and personalized
service. Advertising: Online through social media and directories, partnerships with local
businesses, and offering free rides to influencers or bloggers.
Trang 40
3d Getting around town

Vocabulary taking transport
1 Look at these pairs of words. Match the words with the correct
definition (a or b)
1 stop - b where you can get a bus
rank - a where you can get a taxi
2 fare - a the money you pay for a journey by bus, train or taxi
price - b the amount of money something costs
3 change - a the money you get back when you pay more than the price
receipt - b the piece of paper you receive to show you paid for
something
4 gate - b where you get on a plane

platform - a where you get on a train
5 book - a when you buy a ticket in advance

check-in - b when you confirm your flight or leave your bags
4 Pronunciation intonation
a In everyday English, people don't always use full questions. For
example, they can say Single or return? instead of Do you want a single
or return ticket? Listen to these questions. Mark the intonation or
1. Single or return? (falling intonation on the last syllable of "return")
2. Window or aisle? (rising intonation on the last syllable of "aisle")
3. Credit card or cash? (falling intonation on the last syllable of
"cash")
4. Bus or train? (rising intonation on the last syllable of "train")
5. North or south? (falling intonation on the last syllable of "south")
6. First or second class? (falling intonation on the last syllable of
"class")
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3e Quick communication
Writing notes and messages
1 How do you normally send notes and messages to friends and
colleagues? By text or email? What other ways do you use?
- Text messaging: This is a popular method for sending short and informal messages
quickly and easily.
- Email: This is a more formal method of communication and is often used for
work-related messages or longer, more detailed messages.
- Instant messaging apps: These apps allow you to send messages and have real-
time conversations with friends and colleagues.
- Social media: Many people use social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter,
and Instagram to send messages to friends and colleagues.
- Phone calls: For more urgent or important messages, many people still prefer to
use phone calls to communicate with friends and colleagues.
2 Read the notes and messages (1 - 8) . Match them with the reasons for writing (a -
e)
1. d suggesting a time and place
2. b apologizing
3. e giving a message from someone else
4. c giving travel information
5. a thanking
6. c giving travel information
7. d suggesting a time and place
8. b apologizing
3 a People often miss out words in notes and messages. Look again at the notes and
messages in Exercise 2. Find places where the writers have missed out these kinds of
words.
1 (Can we) Meet outside (the) airport at 2? (Is that) OK?
2 Sorry. (The) bus (is) late. (I) will be 15 minutes late.
3 Javier called. (Please) call him back. (His number is) 0770 657 655.
4 (The) train leaves platform 6.
5 Thanks for getting tickets. Here's (the) money.
6 (The) plane (is) at gate 6.
7 (I) am in (a) taxi. See you outside in 5?
8 (I'm) afraid (that) I was late so (I) missed (the) meeting. My apologies.
4 Work in pairs. Write a short note or message for each situation.
1. Hi, I have to work late tonight. I'll arrive at the bus station an hour later than
planned. Sorry for the inconvenience.
2. Hey, let's meet in the city center tonight. I suggest you take a taxi from the taxi
rank outside the train station. It's faster and more convenient.
3. Sorry, I can't travel with you on the underground to the airport. I'll take the bus
instead and meet you at the check-in desk. See you there!
5 Write a short message to your partner. Then exchange messages. Can you
understand the other person's message? Write a reply if necessary!
Message to partner: Hey, what are you doing tonight? Want to grab dinner together?
Partner's message: Sorry, I can't tonight. I have plans with friends already.
Reply: No worries, maybe we can plan for another night. Have fun with your friends!
3f Indian Railways
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Before you watch

1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and the caption. Why do you think trains are a
popular type of transport in India?
Trains are a popular type of transport in India because they are affordable, convenient,
and can transport a large number of people over long distances.
2 Key vocabulary
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in the video. Guess the meaning of
the words.
1. Track - a path or route for trains to travel on
2. Impressive - evoking admiration or respect; striking
3. Rural - in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside
4. Miniature - a small scale copy of something
5. Workforce - the people engaged in or available for work, either in a particular
company or area or in the population as a whole
b Match the words in bold in Exercise 2a with these definitions.
a. Important-sounding - impressive
b. Track - the metal line that a train runs on
c. Workforce - the group of people who work for a company
d. Rural - in the countryside
e. Miniature - a small copy
4 Watch the video with the sound ON. Underline the correct words.
1. Every day approximately two million passengers pass through Mumbai train
station.
2. There are over one billion people in India.
3. The British built the railways in India in the nineteenth century.
4. The first steam train in India was in eighteen thirty-three.
5.
6. The Grand Trunk Express has travelled through India since nineteen thirty-
nine.
7. India's railways carry over four billion passengers every year.
8. Indian Railways employ over one and a half million staff.
After you watch
5 Vocabulary in context
b Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions.
1. Yes, my country has an enormous public transport system. However, the condition
of the transport system varies in different regions. In some areas, it's in good
condition, but in others, it may not be as good due to lack of maintenance or
funding.
2. For me, taking exams is one of the most stressful everyday situations because
there's pressure to perform well and a lot of preparation is required. Driving in
busy traffic can also be stressful because of the congestion and the risk of
accidents.
3. In Ho Chi Minh City, one of the largest employers is FPT Corporation. They
provide products and services related to information technology, including
software, web development, graphic design, and digital business solutions.
7 Now write a script for the new video. Describe what you can see in the video and
any important facts and figures about the Indian railway. Try to use some of these
words and phrases.
Script for the new video:
The Indian Railway is an enormous network that connects cities and rural villages
across the country. The railway staff can be seen checking the track and ensuring it's in
good condition while the passengers are waiting on the platform. During the rush hour,
people are rushing to catch their trains while others are dancing and playing games.
Despite the stressful nature of travelling, the Indian Railway is in good condition and can
accommodate over four billion passengers every year. The railway has an enormous
workforce of over one and a half million staff who work tirelessly to ensure the smooth
operation of the railway.
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Grammar
1 Complete the article with the correct form of the adjectives.
Santiago is the largest city in Chile. It has a population of five million people and it's the
busiest city in the country. It has some of the most beautiful buildings in the world but, in
the past, it was the most polluted city in Chile. Its streets weren't as clean as they are
today.
Nowadays, public transport around the city is much better and the city centre isn't as
noisy. Cycling is also a lot more popular these days because there are new cycle paths
and people can use electric bikes.
2 >> MB Work in pairs. Make four sentences to compare your town or city to
Santiago. Talk about:
• Size and population: Santiago is much larger and has a significantly higher
population compared to Ho Chi Minh City.
• Buildings and streets: Santiago has more modern and architecturally stunning
buildings, while Ho Chi Minh City showcases a mix of traditional and
contemporary architecture. The streets in Santiago are well-maintained, but Ho
Chi Minh City's streets can be more chaotic.
• Traffic and public transport: The traffic in Ho Chi Minh City can be extremely
congested, especially during rush hour, but Santiago also experiences heavy
traffic. However, Santiago has a more developed and efficient public transport
system with a well-connected network of buses and metro lines.
• Walking and cycling: Santiago provides better infrastructure for walking and
cycling, with dedicated pedestrian walkways and cycling lanes. Ho Chi Minh City
is catching up with the development of more pedestrian-friendly areas and cycling
initiatives, but it still has a long way to go.
Vocabulary
3 Match words from A with words from B to make compound nouns. Then
complete the sentences with the compound nouns.
1. There's a traffic jam on the motorway. Nothing's moving.
2. Rush hour starts at about seven in the morning.
3. Wait at the bus stop, and the number 39 comes every twenty minutes.
4. Slow down! The speed limit is only 30 kilometers an hour on these roads.
5. The city center is closed to cars on Sundays.
4 Which words can follow the words in CAPITAL letters? Cross out the incorrect
word.
1. GO BY: car, foot, plane, bicycle (All options are correct)
2. GO ON: a taxi, a ship, foot, a ferry (Cross out "foot")
3. CATCH: a train, a plane, a taxi, a bus (All options are correct)
4. DROP OFF: your shopping, your children, the underground (Cross out "the
underground")
5 >> MB Work in pairs. Look at the photos (a - e) and answer the questions (1-7).
Give reasons.
1. Which types of transport are slow but reliable?
Xe ba gác (three-wheeled vehicle) and camels are slow but reliable forms of transport. Xe
ba gác is commonly used for short-distance travel in crowded areas, and although it may
not be the fastest, it is a reliable mode of transportation. Camels are known for their
ability to navigate difficult terrains and are reliable in desert areas.
2. Which are comfortable and convenient?
Taxis and airplanes are generally considered comfortable and convenient forms of
transport. Taxis provide a comfortable and private mode of transportation for shorter
distances within a city. Airplanes offer comfort and convenience for long-distance travel,
with amenities such as reclining seats and in-flight services.
3. Which are the cheapest?
Buses are typically the cheapest mode of transport. They offer affordable fares for both
short and long distances, making them a budget-friendly option for many travelers.
4. Which goes the furthest in a short time?
Airplanes are the fastest mode of transport and can cover long distances in a relatively
short time. With their high speeds and direct routes, airplanes are ideal for traveling
quickly between distant locations.
5. Which lands at a gate?
Airplanes land at gates in airports. When arriving at the destination airport, airplanes taxi
to designated gates where passengers can disembark and proceed to the terminal.
6. Which stops at a rank?
Taxis stop at ranks. Taxi ranks are designated areas, such as taxi stands or queues, where
taxis wait for passengers to hire them. Passengers can easily find taxis at these ranks and
request a ride to their desired destination.
7. Which are good for sightseeing in a city?
Buses and subways (tàu điện ngầm) are good for sightseeing in a city. Buses often offer
sightseeing tours, allowing passengers to explore various attractions and landmarks.
Subways provide convenient transportation within a city, allowing easy access to
different areas and attractions. Both modes of transport give passengers the opportunity
to see the city's sights efficiently.
Real life
6 Complete the conversation at a train station with these words.
A: I'd like a single ticket to Glasgow.
B: Single or return?
A: Single, please.
B: That's twenty-one pounds fifty. Do you want a receipt?
A: Yes, please. Which platform is it?
B: Platform three.
7 >> MB Work in pairs. Write a similar conversation between two people at an
airport. Use these phrases.
A: Excuse me, I'd like to check in for my flight.
B: Sure, could I see your passport, please?
A: Here you go. I also have a carry-on with me.
B: Great. Would you prefer a window or aisle seat?
A: Window seat, please.
B: Alright. Your flight is departing from gate five. Have a nice trip!
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Unit 4 Challenges
1 Look at the photo. Where is the man? Do you think this activity looks exciting or
dangerous? Would you like to do this?
Based on the photo, the man is exploring Krubera Cave in Abkhasia. This activity
appears to be both exciting and potentially dangerous, as cave exploration can be
challenging and there may be risks associated with navigating through the cave system.
3 Look at these sentences from Vic's description. Match the words in bold with the
definitions (a - c)
1. "take a risk" - a. do something which can be dangerous
2. "challenge" - c. something very difficult to do
3. "achievement" - b. success in something after a lot of hard work and effort (e.g.
passing an examination)
4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
1 Are you a person who takes risks or are you usually very careful?
• In general, I tend to be a careful person and I try to assess risks before taking
action. However, I am willing to take calculated risks if I believe the potential
benefits outweigh the potential risks.
2 What is a big achievement in your life so far?
• One of my greatest achievements to date is graduating from high school with
honors. It takes a lot of work and dedication, but it's so worth it.
3 What will be a big challenge for you in the future?
• A big challenge for me in the future will be to find a job in my field of study. The
job market is competitive, so I know I will need to work hard to stand out and
make myself a desirable candidate.
4 Is there any kind of risky activity you would like to try in the future?
• I'm not sure if I have a specific risky activity in mind, but I am open to trying new
things and stepping out of my comfort zone if the opportunity arises. However, I
would only do so if I had the proper training and safety precautions in place.
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4a Adventurers of the year

Reading
1 Read the article. Are these sentences about Pasang, Marjan, or both of them?
Write 1-6 in the diagram.
1. Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita
2. Marjan Sadequi
5. Marjan Sadequi
6. Both Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita and Marjan Sadequi
2 Read the article again. Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1. Pasang's biggest challenge was likely dealing with the aftermath of the 2015
earthquake in Nepal and helping those affected by it.
2. Pasang is famous for both her mountaineering achievements and her voluntary
work to improve education and help people in need in Nepal.
3. Marjan's ambition was to become a cyclist, inspired by her father and his work as
the national cycling coach for the men's team.
4. Marjan and her team's achievements include competing in international races and
helping to encourage more women to cycle in Afghanistan.
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3 Look at the grammar box on page 46. Underline the past simple forms in the
article. Which are regular? Which are irregular?
The past simple forms in the article are "lived," "grew," "didn't have," and "practise."
"Lived" and "practise" are regular verbs
hile "grew" and "didn't have" are irregular verbs.
4 Answer these questions.
1. To form the past simple of regular verbs, we add -ed to the base form of the verb.
If the verb ends in -e, we add -d. If the verb ends in -y preceded by a consonant,
we change the -y to -i and add -ed. For example, "work" becomes "worked,"
"dance" becomes "danced," and "study" becomes "studied."
2. The infinitive form of the irregular verb "grew" is "grow," while the infinitive
form of "didn't have" is "have."
3. To form the negative of most past simple verbs, we use "did not" (or the
contracted form "didn't") + base form of the verb. For example, "I did not work
yesterday." To form the negative of "be" in the past simple, we use "was not" or
"were not." For example, "I was not at home yesterday" or "They were not happy
with the result."
6 Complete the text about another adventurer with the past simple form of the
verbs.
THE PHOTOGRAPHER
Reza was born in Tabriz, Iran, in 1952. He studied architecture at the university in Tehran
but he did not become an architect. When he was a teenager, Reza loved photography,
and after university, he got a job with a local newspaper as a photographer. But he did not
want to take photos of local news, so in 1978 he went abroad and he took photos of wars.
Nowadays he works for National Geographic magazine.
7 Read the text about Reza again. Answer the questions.
1. Reza was born in 1952.
2. He studied architecture at the university in Tehran.
3. He loved photography when he was a teenager.
4. After university, he got a job with a local newspaper as a photographer.
5. No, he did not want to take photos of local news.
6. He went abroad in 1978.
8 Look at the grammar box. Choose the correct option (a-b) to complete these rules.
With most regular and irregular verbs, we make questions with:
a) the past simple form of the verb.
With be, we make questions with:
a) was and were.
9 Read these questions and answers from interviews with Pasang and Marjan.
Complete the questions.
1
- I: Where did you live as a child?

- P: In Lukla, in northeastern Nepal.
2
- I: When did you climb Mount Everest?
- P: When I was 22 years old.
3
- I: Who did you help after the earthquake?

- P: People with no homes and no food.
4
- I: Where were you born?

- M: In Afghanistan
5
- I: When was your first international competition?

- M: In 2013.
6
- I: Did you win the race in New Delhi?

- M: No, we didn't.
10 Write six questions to ask your partner about the past. Use some of these ideas.
1. Where were you born?
2. Where did you grow up?
3. When did you learn to ride a bike?
4. When did you start studying English?
5. Where did you go on holiday last year?
6. Did you go abroad last year?
7. Did you go to university?
8. What was your first job?
11 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer your questions. Make notes about
your partner.
A: Hi, my name is ... . Nice to meet you. Can I ask you some questions about your past?
B: Sure, my name is ... . Nice to meet you too. I'd be happy to answer your questions.
A: Where were you born?
B: I was born in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
A: Where did you grow up?
B: I grew up in the same city. I lived in the suburbs for most of my childhood.
A: When did you learn to ride a bike?
B: I learned to ride a bike when I was around six years old. My parents taught me how to
ride in the park.
A: When did you start studying English?
B: I started studying English when I was in elementary school. English is a required
subject in Vietnam.
A: Did you go on holiday last year?
B: Yes, I went to Da Lat last year. It's a beautiful city in the central highlands of Vietnam.
A: Did you go abroad last year?
B: No, I didn't go abroad last year. I stayed in Vietnam.
A: Did you go to university?
B: Yes, I'm currently studying at Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade. I'm
majoring in economics.
A: What was your first job?
B: My first job was working as a tutor for middle school students. I helped them with
their homework and test preparation.
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4b An impossible decision
Vocabulary personal qualities
1 Work in groups. Read this English expression and discuss the questions.
1. The expression "two heads are better than one" means that two people working
together can come up with better solutions than one person working alone. It
emphasizes the idea that collaboration and teamwork can lead to better outcomes
and more creative solutions.
2. Yes, there are similar expressions in many languages. For example, in Spanish,
there is a saying "dos cabezas piensan mejor que una," which means "two heads
think better than one."
3. Advantages of working in teams include the ability to share knowledge and
expertise, increased creativity and innovation, and better problem-solving abilities.
Working in teams can also provide emotional support and motivation. However,
there may be disadvantages, such as conflicts between team members.
4. A good team member is someone who is reliable, communicative, and
collaborative. They should be willing to listen to others' ideas, provide
constructive feedback, and be open to different perspectives. A good team member
should also be skilled in their area of expertise and willing to share their
knowledge with others.
2 Read the sentences (1-7) about what makes a good team member. Match these
adjectives with the sentences.
1 likes meeting people and gets on with everyone. - friendly
2 is a good listener and thinks about other people. - patient
3 gives people the time they need and waits for them. - patient
4 is always happy and looks for the good things in life. - positive
5 works extra hours when it's necessary. - hard-working
6 knows a lot about his or her area of work. - experienced
7 is good at learning and understanding. - intelligent
3 Work in pairs. Which qualities in Exercise 2 do these people have? Why?
- A close friend: A good friend would likely have qualities such as being friendly,
kind, and a good listener.
- A language learner: A good language learner would likely have qualities such as
being patient, hard-working, and intelligent.
- A manager: A good manager would likely have qualities such as being
experienced, intelligent, and hard-working.
- A parent: A good parent would likely have qualities such as being patient, kind,
and positive.
- A president: A good president would likely have qualities such as being
intelligent, experienced, and positive.
- A teacher: A good teacher would likely have qualities such as being patient,
experienced, and intelligent.
Listening
4 What difficult decisions do people have to make in life? What decisions do you
have to make at work or for your studies? Tell your partner. I left my old
company last year. It was difficult because I had lots of good colleagues there.
But I wanted a new job.
• In terms of difficult decisions that people have to make in life could include
choosing between two job offers, deciding whether to pursue further education,
or deciding whether to move to a new city or country for personal or
professional reasons.
• The decision I faced was whether to focus solely on my studies or try to strike
a balance between studying and working part-time. Because balancing the two
is quite difficult.
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Grammar past continuous and past simple

8 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Answer these questions.
1. The past simple verb talks about completed actions.
2. The past continuous verb talks about actions in progress at a moment in the past.
3. The past continuous verb is used for the longer, continuing activity while the past
simple verb is used for the shorter, finished action.
4. The auxiliary verb in the past continuous is "was" or "were" depending on the
subject. The main verb is in the "-ing" form.
10 Complete the sentences with one verb in the past continuous form and one verb
in the past simple form.
1. I was working on my own when a group of people came into my office.
2. We met them when they lived above our apartment.
3. They were not getting on very well, so the team agreed to have a meeting.
4. The weather was cold this morning but it did not rain, so I cycled to work.
5. I saw you across the street but I didn't stop because I was running to my job
interview!
6. What was he doing when you phoned him?
7. Which cities did they visit while they were traveling through Brazil?
8. Why did you answer that call while we were watching the film?
2 Which of these events happened to you in the past? Write some sentences about
them and say when the events happened.
• I broke a bone in my arm on my sixth birthday.
• I achieved a group project with my colleagues in the office and presented it to the
CEO last year.
• I first fell in love with my high school sweetheart during our senior year.
• I got my first job as a part-time cashier at a local supermarket during my summer
break in college.
• I had a car accident on the highway during a rainy day last month.
• I had an argument with my close friend over a misunderstanding about a month
ago.
• I received really good news that I was accepted into my dream university last year.
• I was late for an important meeting with my boss due to a traffic jam on the way to
work last week.
13 Work in pairs. Take turns to tell your partner about the things that happened to
you. Ask and answer questions about what you were doing when it happened.
Hội thoại 1
A: I received really good news that I got accepted into my dream university.
B: Congratulations! What were you doing when you received the good news?
A: Thank you! I was actually in my car driving home from work when I got the email. I
remember feeling really anxious and nervous before opening it.
B: That must have been exciting! What did the email say?
A: It said that I had been accepted into the university's graduate program in my field of
study. I was really thrilled because it was my top choice.
B: That's amazing! How did you celebrate?
A: I called my family and friends to share the news with them and then treated myself to
a nice dinner at my favorite restaurant. I was really relieved and happy that all my hard
work had paid off.
B: I'm really happy for you!
Hội thoại 2
A: Have you ever had an argument with a close friend before?
B: Yeah, unfortunately I have. I remember having a disagreement with my best friend
about something silly like what movie to watch, and it ended up turning into a bigger
argument. We didn't talk for a few days, but we eventually made up and apologized to
each other.
A: I know how that feels. I once had an argument with a close friend about a
misunderstanding, and it took a while for us to resolve it too.
B: Yeah, it can be tough to navigate those situations sometimes. Speaking of tough
situations, have you ever been late for an important meeting before?
A: Yes, unfortunately I have. I was once running late for a job interview because of
traffic, and I remember feeling really stressed and anxious. I ended up arriving a few
minutes late, but luckily the interviewer was understanding and still gave me a chance to
interview.
B: Oh wow, that's lucky! I've been late for a few meetings before too, but fortunately they
weren't as important as a job interview.
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4c Challenge yourself
Reading
1 Work in pairs. Do you like doing crosswords, quizzes or puzzles? How much time
do you spend playing video and computer games every week? Tell your partner.
A: Hi, do you like doing crosswords, quizzes, or puzzles?
B: Yes, I enjoy doing puzzles and crosswords. What about you?
A: I prefer quizzes and puzzles. How much time do you spend playing video and
computer games every week?
B: Not much, maybe only a couple of hours. What about you?
A: I spend about 5-6 hours a week playing games.
B: That's interesting. I don't play games much because I prefer doing other things
with my free time.
A: Yeah, I understand. I like games because they help me relax and take my mind
off things.
B: That makes sense. I prefer reading or doing outdoor activities to relax.
A: That's cool. Everyone has their own preferences.
3 Why do you think people like taking these types of challenge?
People may enjoy taking on challenges like riddles, puzzles, and memory
challenges because it can stimulate the brain and provide a sense of accomplishment
when they are solved. Additionally, some people may enjoy these challenges as a form of
entertainment or as a way to pass the time.
4 Read the second part of the article. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. True (Professor Rubik was looking for an interesting way to teach his architecture
students about 3D geometry.)
2. False (He made the cube to teach his students about 3D geometry, not specifically
about puzzles.)
3. False (It took Professor Rubik over a month to solve his own problem.)
4. True (A robot beat Mats Valk's world record of 5.55 seconds with a time of 1.019
seconds.)
5. False (According to the article, puzzles and games can improve memory in the
elderly.)
6. True (The article mentions a study that showed that some adults over sixty who
played a video game scored higher on a test of memory and mental skill.)
Critical thinking looking for evidence

5 Evidence is factual information to support an idea. Which three types of evidence
does the writer use in the article? Which does he not use?
⚫ facts from history
Facts from history (e.g. Professor Rubik's creation of the Rubik's cube, the number of
Rubik's cubes sold worldwide, the world record for solving the Rubik's cube)
⚫ data (e.g. numbers and amounts)
Data (e.g. the number of ways to move the cubes in the Rubik's cube, the percentage of
people who have played with a Rubik's cube, the time it took Mats Valk and the robot to
solve the Rubik's cube, the number of adults over sixty who played a video game in the
study)
⚫ quotes from people
The writer does not use quotes from people in the article.
⚫ results from a scientific study
Results from a scientific study (the study at Illinois University on how video games help
older people's mental health)
6 Read these ideas from the article and answer the questions (1-2).
1. Idea a ("Over 400 million Rubik's cubes have been sold around the world and one
in seven people have played with one." and "In 2008, a Dutch teenager called
Mats Valk solved the Rubik's cube in 5.55 seconds.")
and idea b ("Our brain naturally loves solving problems.")
2. Idea c ("Some scientists think puzzles and games can improve memory in the
elderly." The article only mentions one study to support this claim.)
Writing and speaking

8 Complete these questions about learning English with a verb or noun from the
table. Then ask your partner the questions.
1 What do you think is the biggest challenge when learning English?
2 Do you like solving problems in English on your own or working with other learners?
Why?
3 What do you think is the best way to memorize new words in English?
4 When you study for a test or exam, how do you do it?
9 Work in pairs. Write a list of tips for someone who is a beginner in English. Give
them advice about the best ways to learn.
3. Start with the basics: Learn the English alphabet, basic grammar rules, and
common vocabulary words.
4. Listen and speak: Listen to English music, watch movies or TV shows in English,
or try speaking with native speakers. This can help you improve your listening and
speaking skills.
5. Practice regularly: Make a study schedule and practice English every day.
Consistency is key to learning a new language.
6. Use a variety of resources: Use textbooks, online resources, and language learning
apps to help you improve your skills.
7. Focus on communication: Don't worry too much about making mistakes. Focus on
communicating your ideas and thoughts in English.
8. Join a language exchange program: Find a language exchange partner to practice
speaking with. You can learn from one another and improve your language skills.
9. Set goals: Set achievable goals for yourself and track your progress. This can help
you stay motivated and focused on your learning.
10. Be patient: Learning a new language takes time and effort. Don't get discouraged
if you don't see progress right away.
11. Have fun: Learning a new language can be challenging, but it can also be fun and
rewarding. Enjoy the process and celebrate your achievements along the way.
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4d True stories
Real life telling a story
1 Do you ever go camping at weekends or on holiday? Why?/Why not?
- Currently, I don't usually go camping on weekends or during vacations because I

prefer to stay indoors and don't get too excited about outdoor activities like
camping. However, if I have the opportunity, I will consider trying out the
camping experience to enjoy the fresh air and explore the nature.
- Yes, I love going camping on weekends or during vacations because it is the best
way to enjoy nature and get away from the noisy and busy city life. I also love
making new memories and spending time playing, cooking and relaxing with
family and friends while camping.
4 Look at the expressions for telling a story. Match the expressions (1-9) in Exercise
3 with the headings (a-d).
1. At the beginning... Then... Next... While... - a. Sequencing the story
2. Luckily. But... Unfortunately... - b. Introducing good and bad news
3. Why? Really? That was a good idea! Oh no! - c. Reacting to good and bad news
4. What did you do? What happened? - d. Asking about the next part of the story
7 Work in pairs. Practise telling a story and responding.
Student A: Hi, today was a terrible day for me. I was cycling to work when it started
raining. I got completely soaked and then a car hit my bike. I was really scared, but
luckily I wasn't hurt.
Student B: Oh no, that sounds terrible. Are you okay now? What happened after the car
hit your bike?
Student A: Yes, I'm fine now, thanks for asking. The driver was really nice and he
stopped to help me. He even took me to his bike shop and gave me a brand new
bike, which is much better than my old one!
Student B: Wow, that's amazing! It's great to hear that there are still some kind and
generous people out there. Did you get the driver's contact information so you could
thank him later?
Student A: Yes, I did. I'm planning to send him a thank-you message later today. It
was really a lucky day for me despite the terrible start.
Student B: I'm glad everything turned out okay in the end. It's definitely a story worth
sharing with others.
8 Now change roles.
Student B: Hi, I went hiking with a friend in the mountains and it started snowing.
We decided to head back towards the town, but it was getting dark. As we were
walking, we passed a large house with the lights on, and the people inside invited us
in.
Student A: That's so kind of them! What did they do when you got inside?
Student B: They made us a delicious dinner and we stayed the night in one of their
guest rooms. The next day, the sun was shining and we were able to reach the top of
the mountain. It was such an amazing experience.
Student A: It sounds like a great adventure! Did you get to learn more about the people
who invited you in? What did you talk about over dinner?
Student B: Yes, we did get to know the family a little bit better. They were very
welcoming and told us about their life in the mountains. We talked about our own
experiences hiking and traveling, and we even exchanged contact information so we
could stay in touch.
Student A: That's really cool! It's amazing how a chance encounter can turn into a
memorable experience. Thanks for sharing your story with me.
9 Think of a bad journey you had. Did it have a happy ending? Make a list of the
events. Then tell your partner the story.
Events in the story:
• I was traveling to visit my family by train.
• The train was delayed for several hours due to a technical issue.
• When the train finally arrived, it was overcrowded and I had to stand for the entire
journey.
• I arrived at my destination late and missed my connecting bus.
• I had to wait at the bus station for several hours for the next bus to arrive.
• While waiting, I struck up a conversation with another traveler who was also
stranded, and we became friends.
• We ended up taking a taxi together to our destination and splitting the cost.
Story:
Hi, I once had a pretty bad journey when I was traveling to visit my family by train.
The train was delayed for several hours due to a technical issue, and when it finally
arrived, it was so overcrowded that I had to stand for the entire journey. To make matters
worse, I arrived at my destination late and missed my connecting bus. I had to wait at the
bus station for several hours for the next bus to arrive, which was really frustrating.
However, while waiting, I struck up a conversation with another traveler who was
also stranded, and we became friends. We ended up taking a taxi together to our
destination and splitting the cost, which was a happy ending to an otherwise stressful
journey. Even though the journey was bad, I was able to make a new friend and have a
positive experience in the end.
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4e A story of survival
Writing a short story
2 Stories in the news answer some or all of these questions. Read the short story and
answer the questions.
1. The story happened in the islands of Atafu, which are in the middle of the Pacific
Ocean.
2. The sun was shining and the sea was calm. Three teenage boys went fishing in a
small boat.
3. The boys did not arrive home in the evening, and after many days, there was no
sign of them. Everyone thought the boys were dead.
4. Fifty days later, some fishermen saw a small boat in the distance. The three boys
were in the boat, over 1,500 kilometers from their home. They were living on fish
from the sea and rainwater.
5. The story had a happy ending as the boys returned to their families alive and well.
4 Time expressions help the structure of a story. Look at this example and underline
the other time expressions in the story.
"every day" (implies a habitual action)
"One day" (marks the beginning of the story)
"the sun was shining" (describes the weather condition at the time the boys went fishing)
"the sea was calm" (describes the weather condition at the time the boys went fishing)
5 You are going to write a short story Use a story from your own life or a story in
the news. Plan the story using the five- part structure and make notes to answer the
questions in Exercise 2
Story: A New Friend in an Unexpected Place
1. It was a rainy afternoon, and I decided to take a stroll in the park. I was feeling a
bit lonely, and I wanted to clear my head.
2. The park was a popular spot for joggers, families, and dog owners.
3. As I was walking, I tripped and fell. I scraped my knee and was feeling
embarrassed.
4. A woman who was walking her dog saw me fall and rushed over to help me. She
offered me a tissue and some water, and we started chatting. We realized that we
had a lot in common, and we exchanged contact information.
5. The rain stopped, and we decided to take a walk together. We talked about our
interests, our families, and our dreams. By the end of the walk, we had become
good friends. It was a happy ending to a rainy and lonely afternoon.
6 Write your short story in about 80-100 words. Use some time expressions to help
the structure.
It was a rainy afternoon, and I decided to take a stroll in the park to clear my head.
As I was walking, I tripped and fell, scraping my knee and feeling embarrassed.
Suddenly, a woman walking her dog rushed over to help me. We started chatting and
realized we had a lot in common. Despite the rain, we decided to take a walk together.
We talked about our interests, our families, and our dreams. By the end of the walk, we
had become good friends. It was a memorable afternoon that taught me the importance of
reaching out to others, even in unexpected situations.
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4f A microadventure
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Before you watch

1 Make a list of things you did in the last 24 hours. Write as many things as you can
in two minutes. Then work in pairs. Take turns to read your lists. Who wrote the
longest list?
- Woke up and got out of bed

- Brushed my teeth and washed my face
- Ate breakfast, lunch, and dinner
- Drank water and coffee
- Checked my email and social media
- Attended online classes and did homework
- Exercised and went for a run
- Took a shower and got dressed
- Watched a movie and read a book
- Listened to music and podcasts
- Spent time with family and friends
- Worked on some personal projects
- Went to bed
7 Work in pairs. You are going to plan a 24-hour microadventure. Discuss these
ideas and make your plans.
At 7 o'clock we'll take a bus to Vung Tau and visit the Bai Sau beach, which is
known for its white sand and clear water. We'll spend the morning swimming,
sunbathing, and trying some local seafood. In the afternoon, we can visit the White
Palace, a colonial-era mansion that has been turned into a museum, and the Thich Ca
Phat Dai Pagoda, a beautiful Buddhist temple with stunning views of the ocean. In the
evening, we can enjoy a sunset walk along the beach and have dinner at a seafood
restaurant. We'll end the night with some drinks at a beachside bar before heading back
home.
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Grammar
1 Complete the text with the past simple form of the verbs.
In 2013 Aleksander Doba crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a kayak. He started his
journey in Lisbon, Portugal and he arrived in Florida six months later. He traveled 12,427
kilometers and it was a difficult journey. His kayak broke near the Bahamas, so he
stopped to fix it. He also had other challenges - his satellite phone didn't work for 47 days
so he didn't have any communication. Aleksander was born in Poland in 1946 and he
didn't begin kayaking until the age of 34.
2 Complete the questions about Aleksander Doba.
1. How did he travel across the Atlantic Ocean?
2. How long did his journey take?
3. How far did he travel?
4. Did he have any communication issues during his journey?
3 >> MB Work in pairs. Answer the questions about the story in Exercise 1.
1. What were the personal qualities of Aleksander Doba?
Some possible personal qualities of Aleksander Doba could include determination,
perseverance, courage, resilience, and a sense of adventure. These qualities are evident in
his decision to cross the Atlantic Ocean in a kayak and face the challenges he
encountered along the way.
2. Why do you think people like Aleksander take risks and give themselves challenges?
People like Aleksander may take risks and give themselves challenges for various
reasons. Some possible motivations could include a desire for personal growth, a thirst
for adventure and exploration, a drive to push their limits and test their capabilities, a
passion for achieving extraordinary feats, or a need for a sense of accomplishment and
fulfillment.
4 Choose the correct options.
The sun was shining as the plane turned onto the runway. As it took off, the passengers
inside the plane sat quietly. They were taking their first parachute jump. Everyone was
nervous and no one was talking. When the plane reached the correct height, their teacher
shouted, 'Right everyone. It's time to jump!' She was opening the door on the side of the
plane and, in the next moment, everyone was jumping out of the plane towards the
ground.
Vocabulary
5 Complete the sentences with these words.
1. Don't get angry when things don't happen as fast as you want. Learn to be patient.
2. He's a very experienced climber. He started mountaineering when he was a child.
3. It's very kind of you to help me with my homework.
4. Even when things go wrong, it's important to stay positive.
5. My friend is the most intelligent person in our class. She always gets 100% on
tests.
6. Finishing the marathon was very challenging but I did it in the end.
Real life
6 >> MB Work in pairs. Look at the pictures (1 - 5)
Student A:
"At the beginning, we embarked on an exciting mountain climbing expedition. The
weather was challenging, with rain pouring down. But we pushed through, carrying our
heavy backpacks, determined to reach the summit. Luckily, we found a cave and took
shelter from the rain. We lit a fire to keep warm while waiting for the weather to clear.
Next, as we continued our ascent, we heard the sound of a helicopter flying overhead. We
waved desperately, hoping to catch their attention. And to our relief, the person in the
helicopter saw us and waved back. It was a moment of joy and excitement, knowing that
help was on its way."
Student B:
"Oh no! What happened when it started raining?"
"Really? You found a cave to take shelter in? That's smart!"
"What happened next? Did the weather improve?"
"Why were you waving at the helicopter? Were you in danger?"
"That's great news! It must have been a relief to see them and know help was coming!"
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Unit 5 The environment

3 Look at the highlighted expressions for talking about objects. Make similar
sentences about the everyday objects in the box.
• a mobile phone “is made of” plastic and metal. “You use it for” making calls,
sending messages, browsing the internet, taking photos, and many other functions.
• a pen “is made of” plastic or metal, with ink inside. “You use it for” writing or
drawing on paper.
• scissors “are made of” metal, with plastic or rubber handles. “You use them for”
cutting paper, cloth, or other materials.
• a tin can “is made of” metal. “You use it for” storing or preserving food or other
items.
4 Work in pairs. Think of other everyday objects. Don't tell your partner the object,
but describe what it's made of and what you use it for. Your partner has to guess
the object.
- This object is made of plastic and metal. You use it for making phone calls,
sending text messages, taking photos, and browsing the internet.
- This object is made of glass and metal. You use it for drinking water, soda, or
other beverages.
- This object is made of paper and cardboard. You use it for reading books,
newspapers, or magazines.
- This object is made of metal and rubber. You use it for tightening or loosening
bolts or screws.
- This object is made of fabric and has straps to wear on your back. You use it for
carrying books, a laptop, or other items when you go to school or work.
- This object is made of wood and has a flat surface with legs. You use it for writing
or doing homework.
- This object is made of metal and has a sharp blade. You use it for cutting food like
meat, vegetables, or fruits.
- This object is made of plastic and has a screen where you can watch movies, TV
shows, or play video games.
- This object is made of metal and has a round shape with numbers on it. You use it
for telling time.
- This object is made of fabric and has a zipper. You use it for storing or carrying
makeup, toiletries, or other small items.
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5a Recycling
Vocabulary recycling
1 What kind of rubbish do you throw away or recycle every week? What percentage
of each type (a-e) is in your rubbish?
a electronics - None, I don't throw away electronics on a weekly basis.
b glass - Around 25%
c paper and cardboard - Some, but not sure of exact percentage.
d metal - None, I don't throw away metal on a weekly basis.
e plastic - Some, but not sure of exact percentage.
2 Match these objects to the type of rubbish (a-e) in Exercise 1. Some items match
two categories.
1. Computer - Electronics (a)
2. Bottle - Glass (b, e)
3. Jar - Glass (b)
4. Aluminium foil - Metal (d)
5. Milk carton - Paper and cardboard (c)
6. Tin can - Metal (d)
7. TV - Electronics (a)
8. Cereal box - Paper and cardboard (c)
9. Magazine - Paper and cardboard (c)
10. Bag - Plastic (e)
Reading
3 Look at the photos with the article. What do you think e-rubbish is? Why is the
boy holding part of an old computer?
Based on the article and the photos, e-rubbish appears to be electronic waste or discarded
electronic products. The boy in the photo is holding part of an old computer, perhaps to
sell or recycle it.
4 Read the article and check your ideas from Exercise 3.
The article confirms that e-rubbish is electronic waste, and the boy in the photo is holding
part of an old computer. The article discusses the problems associated with e-rubbish and
the need for more environmentally-friendly electronic products.
5 Read the article again and answer these questions.
1. Peter Essick followed the e-rubbish to different countries around the world.
2. In the markets of Ghana, he found thousands of old computers being resold, but
many of them did not work.
3. People melt parts of the broken computers to recycle the metal inside, which
sometimes contains gold.
4. Recycling the metal can be dangerous because it produces a lot of chemicals that
are harmful to workers' health.
5. Sending e-rubbish to other countries is bad for the environment and people's
health.
6. Environmentally-friendly electronic products are those that can be safely recycled
and produced in the country where they were made.
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Grammar quantifiers
6 Which of these nouns are countable? Which are uncountable? Write C or U.
computer: C
plastic bag: C
rubbish: U
magazine: C
paper: U
metal box: C
7 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Then complete these sentences with the
correct quantifiers.
1. We use "some" and "any" in affirmative sentences with countable or uncountable
nouns.
2. We use "how much" in questions with uncountable nouns and "how many" in
questions with countable nouns.
3. We talk about small quantities with "a few" in affirmative sentences with
countable nouns.
4. We talk about small quantities with "a little" in affirmative sentences with
uncountable nouns.
5. We use "any" and "no" in negative sentences with countable nouns.
6. We use "any" and "no" in negative sentences with uncountable nouns.
8 Choose the correct quantifier. In one sentence both quantifiers are correct.
1. How much rubbish do you recycle?
2. I recycle a few things, like glass and plastic bottles.
3. I don't recycle much glass.
4. I recycle a little paper each week.
5. Do you have any recycling bins?
6. There are some old TVs for sale at the market.
7. A lot of people on my street don't recycle much plastic.
9. Nowadays, a lot of cities and towns have special places to take recycling.
9 Read these sentences about recycling. If necessary,
change the words in bold so the sentences are true for you.
1. I don't throw away a lot of paper every week.
2. In my area, many places have recycling bins.
3. My school/place of work has recycling bins for paper.
4. Most people in my country think recycling is important.
10 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about your sentences in Exercise 9.
Start your questions like this:
How much paper do you throw away?
A: I don't throw away a lot of paper every week. I usually recycle it.
Do any places in your area have recycling bins?
A: Yes, many places in my area have recycling bins.
Does your school/place of work have recycling bins for paper?
A: Yes, both my school and my workplace have recycling bins for paper.
How many people in your country think recycling is important?
A: Most people in my country think recycling is important.
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5b Managing the environment

Vocabulary results and figures
1 Discuss the questions.
1 How often do you read news about the environment? Is it always bad news?
As someone who regularly reads news about the environment, I can say that there is
a mix of good and bad news. While it's true that a lot of environmental news can be
negative, there are also stories about positive developments, such as advancements in
renewable energy or successful conservation efforts. It's important to stay informed about
both the challenges and the progress being made to protect our planet.
2 Do you have any good news about the environment in your country?
In Vietnam, there have been several positive developments in recent years related to
the environment. For example, Vietnam has set ambitious targets for increasing its use of
renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. There have also been efforts to
protect and restore the country's natural ecosystems, including initiatives to plant more
trees and to preserve wetlands. Additionally, there has been a growing awareness of
environmental issues among the public, with more people taking action to reduce their
own environmental impact.
2 Read a newspaper report about Portugal. Is it good news or bad news?
• The newspaper report about Portugal seems to be good news.
(The report states that Portugal was able to power the entire country using only solar,
wind, and hydroelectric energy for about a hundred hours, which is a significant
milestone in the country's transition to renewable energy. The report also mentions that a
year ago, the country produced less than a quarter of its electricity from wind power, but
now nearly half of its total energy comes from renewable sources. This suggests that
Portugal has made significant progress in its efforts to shift towards clean energy and
reduce its carbon footprint. The fact that the country was able to run on renewable energy
for over four days is a remarkable achievement and a positive development in the fight
against climate change.)
3 Look at the phrases in bold in the newspaper report. Find the phrases that have a
similar meaning to the exact information a - e
a. "nearly half"
b. "about a hundred"
c. "for about four days"
d. "less than a quarter"
e. "exactly a year ago"
4 Work in pairs. Answer these questions about your life using over, under, nearly
and about.
A: How much of your day do you spend looking at a screen?
B: I spend nearly six hours a day looking at a screen for work and another two hours for
leisure activities.
A: How many hours a week do you spend shopping?

B: I spend about three hours a week shopping for groceries and household items.
A: How many people live in your town or city?

B: There are nearly two million people living in my city.
A: How much money a month do you spend on buying clothes?

B: I spend under $50 a month on buying clothes.
A: How many months a year do you spend at school or at work?

B: I spend nearly 10 months a year at work, but I'm not currently studying at school.
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Grammar articles
7 Look at the grammar box. Read the sentences and look at the words in bold.
Complete these rules with a/an, the, or no article.
a. We normally use "a/an" when we talk about something which isn't specific or it's the
first time we mention something. When we talk about something specific or talk about it
again, we use "the".
b. We also use "the" when something is unique (there is only one), with superlatives or
with the names of some places (e.g. oceans, deserts, mountain ranges).
c. We use no article when we talk about people or things in general, and with the names
of most places (e.g. continents, countries, cities, lakes).
8 Read about two more ways to manage the environment. Choose the correct option.
Choose - if no article is needed.
Ice towers:
In the spring and summer, there is often a water shortage in the Himalayan mountains. So
during the winter, _ people make ice towers. They put one end of a long pipe into a river
high in the mountains and then they take the other end of the pipe down to a village. The
water comes out of the pipe and freezes in a fountain to make an ice tower in the village.
Then it melts in the spring so _ farmers can use it on their land.
Fog collectors:
The Atacama desert in _ Chile is one of the driest parts of the world. There is very little
rain, but there is fog, and fog contains _ water. To get this water, some scientists are
trying to collect the water in a big net. The net catches drops of water, and it can collect
between five and thirty litres of water per day.
10 Look at the questions from a general knowledge quiz. Complete the questions
with a/an or the where necessary. Then try to answer the questions.
1. There is a river between Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador. What is its name?
The river is the Amazon River.
2. The White House is in the USA. Who lives there?
The President of the United States lives in the White House.
3. There's a natural satellite which goes round the Earth every day. What is it?
The natural satellite which goes round the Earth every day is the Moon.
4. In 1997, Larry Page and Sergey Brin set up a global search engine. What is its name?
The global search engine they set up is called Google.
5. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world. Which is the largest?
The largest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean.
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5c A boat made of bottles

Reading
1 Look at these words from the article on page 63. What do you think the article is
about?
Based on the words given, I think the article is about a boat made of recycled plastic
bottles that sailed across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney.
2 Read the article and check your ideas from Exercise 1.
The article is indeed about a boat called the Plastiki, which is made of recycled plastic
bottles and sailed across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney. The boat was
designed to raise awareness about plastic pollution in the ocean and was equipped with
renewable energy sources and other environmentally friendly features. The journey was
challenging, but the boat survived and has inspired further efforts to combat plastic
pollution.
3 Complete the fact file with numbers about the Plastiki.
The Plastiki in facts&figures
Number of crew: 6
Number of bottles: 12,500
Length: 18 m
Width: 6 m
Weight: 12,000 kg
Average speed: 5 knots
Distance of journey: 15,372 km
Number of days at sea: 129
Cost to build: not known
Critical thinking close reading

4 Read the sentences (1-8). Choose the correct option (A-C) for each sentence.
1. B = The sentence is false. The information is in the text. (The Plastiki is made of
recycled plastic bottles, which is different from the material used in other boats.)
2. C = We don't know if it's true or false. The information isn't in the text. The article
doesn't mention the current rate of plastic bottle recycling.
3. A = The sentence is true. The information is in the text. (Plastic in the sea is
causing harm to animals.)
4. B = The sentence is false. The information is in the text. (The boat uses renewable
energy sources, such as wind power and solar energy.)
5. C = We don't know if it's true or false. The information isn't in the text. The article
mentions that the crew can make meals with vegetables from a small garden on the
boat, but it doesn't say if they only ate vegetables for the whole journey.
6. A = The sentence is true. The information is in the text. (The 'Great Garbage
Patch' is a huge area in the Pacific with a lot of human rubbish, including plastic.)
7. A = The sentence is true. The information is in the text. (The journey took 129
days, which is longer than de Rothschild originally planned.)
8. A = The sentence is true. The information is in the text. (De Rothschild is planning
to sail the Plastiki again one day.)
5 Find five expressions in the article with the word take. Match the expressions with
the uses (1-4).
1. take a break from work - daily routines
2. take care during storms - idioms
3. take the special boat through the 'Great Garbage Patch' - transport
4. take one hundred and twenty-nine days - length of time
5. take a shower - daily routines
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of take and these words.
1. Most people take a plane from San Francisco to Sydney so they don't know
about the pollution in the ocean.
2. The journey across the Great Garbage Patch took many days.
3. The work was tiring and the crew sometimes needed to take a break and relax.
4. The Pacific Ocean can be dangerous, so everyone on the ship had to take care.
5. For this kind of project, it's important to take time to plan things carefully.
7 Work in groups and discuss these questions.
1 Do you think environmental projects like the Plastiki make a difference to people's
attitudes to rubbish? Will de Rothschild's journey make people change their
behaviour? Why? / Why not?
Yes, we think environmental projects like the Plastiki can make a difference to
people's attitudes to rubbish. De Rothschild's journey can inspire people to change their
behavior by showing them the impact of plastic pollution on the environment and the
importance of recycling and reducing waste. However, it may not be enough to change
everyone's behavior, as some people may not be aware of the problem or may not be
willing to change their habits.
2 In your country, does anyone (e.g. the government, the police, charities) try to
change people's behaviour in these areas?
In Vietnam, the government and charities try to change people's behavior in these
areas. For example, the government promotes recycling and provides recycling bins in
public places. Charities run campaigns to raise awareness of the harmful effects of
smoking and encourage people to quit. The police enforce speed limits and impose fines
on drivers who exceed them.
3 How do they try to do this? What are some good ways to change people's attitudes
and behaviour? (e.g. TV advertising, making people pay a fine)
To change people's behavior, the government and other organizations can use
various methods such as TV advertising, social media campaigns, education programs,
and incentives. For example, they can offer rewards for recycling, provide free
counseling and support for smokers who want to quit, and impose fines on drivers who
exceed speed limits. These methods can be effective, but they need to be supported by
strong leadership and sustained efforts to make a lasting impact on people's attitudes and
behavior.
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5d Online shopping
Reading
1 Do you normally go shopping or do you prefer shopping online? Why?
• I prefer shopping online because it's more convenient and saves a lot of time. I
don't have to travel to a physical store, deal with crowds or wait in line to pay. I
can shop from the comfort of my own home, compare prices easily, and have my
purchases delivered right to my doorstep. Plus, online shopping often offers a
wider range of products and better deals.
• It depends on what I'm shopping for. For some things, such as groceries or basic
household items, I prefer to go to a physical store because I can choose the
freshest produce and check the expiration dates. For other things, such as books or
electronics, I prefer to shop online because I can read reviews and compare prices
more easily.
2 Read the website and email order. What did the customer order? What is the
problem?
The customer ordered a Computer Hard Drive Clock with Circuit Board for £39.00
on March 20th, with an order number of 80531A. However, the model she ordered is
currently not available and the company expects delivery in seven days. The problem is
that the item the customer ordered is out of stock and not available for immediate
delivery.
6 Work in pairs. Practise two phone conversations similar to the one in Exercise 3.
Conversation 1
A: Sure, can I have your order number please?
B: Yes, it's EI3304A.
A: And can you spell your surname for me?
B: Yes, it's Smith, S-M-I-T-H.
A: I'm sorry to inform you that the clothes are not currently in stock. Would you like to
know how long you have to wait for them to be available?
B: Yes please.
A: It looks like we should have them back in stock in about two weeks. However, if you
would like a refund, I can arrange that for you. The price of the clothes was $149.50.
B: I would like to request a refund please.
A: No problem, I'll arrange that for you. Is there anything else I can help you with?
B: No, that's all. Thank you for your help.
A: You're welcome. Have a good day.
Conversation 2
B: Hello, I'm calling about a book I ordered called Learn Spanish in One Week.
A: Sure, can I have your order number please?
B: Yes, it's AZE880.
A: Thank you. I'm sorry to inform you that the book is currently out of stock. Would you
like to know how long you have to wait for it to be available?
B: Yes please.
A: Unfortunately, we don't have an exact date for when the book will be back in stock.
However, we do have a second-hand copy available for purchase. The price for the
second-hand copy is £3.50. Would you like to purchase it?
B: Yes, I would like to buy the second-hand copy please.
A: Great, I'll arrange that for you. Is there anything else I can help you with?
B: No, that's all. Thank you for your help.
A: You're welcome. Have a good day.
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5e Emails about an order

Writing emails
1 Read the correspondence between a customer and a customer service assistant.
Put the emails in order (1-5).
1. Email B: Dear Sir or Madam, I recently ordered an 'e-book reader'. However, I
received an email which said this was not currently available. Please refund the
money back to my credit card.
2. Email E: Dear M Cottrell, Thank you for your email. I apologize for the
difficulties with your order. In order for me to provide you with the necessary
assistance, could you please send the order number?
3. Email D: As requested here is the order number: 80531A.
4. Email C: Thanks, but I bought the same product at a shop yesterday. Therefore,
please cancel the order and, as requested, send me my refund. M Cottrell.
5. Email A: Dear M Cottrell, I would like to inform you that the e-book reader
you ordered is now in stock. I would be delighted to deliver this item
immediately. Please reply to confirm you still require this item. Charlotte
Lazarro.
2 Read the emails in Exercise 1 again. Underline any phrases and expressions that
ask for something or give instructions.
Email A: Please reply to confirm you still require this item.
Email B: Please refund the money back to my credit card.
Email C: Please cancel the order and send me my refund.
Email D: As requested here is the order number: 80531A.
Email E: In order for me to provide you with the necessary assistance, could you please
send the order number?
3 Writing skill formal words
a The language in the emails in Exercise 1 is fairly formal. Match the formal language
in the emails to these less formal verbs and phrases (1-9).
1. receive
2. be pleased
3. request
4. provide
5. refund
6. assist
7. apologize
8. inform
9. desire
b Work in pairs. Make these sentences more formal.
1. I would like to request a refund.
2. I am writing to inform you that I did not receive the delivery.
3. May I offer any assistance?
4. Could you kindly provide us with your credit card details?
5. We apologize, but we are unable to refund your money at this time.
4 Imagine you ordered a printer online two weeks ago. You paid for delivery within
24 hours but it hasn't arrived. Write an email to the supplier and request a refund.
Subject: Request for Refund of Printer Purchase

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to you to express my disappointment with my recent purchase of a printer
from your online store. I ordered a printer two weeks ago and paid for delivery within 24
hours, but I am yet to receive it.
I was hopeful that I would receive the printer in time for an important project, but the
delay has caused me significant inconvenience and distress. I have now had to purchase
another printer from a different supplier to complete my project, and I am requesting a
refund of the original purchase.
Please confirm that the refund will be processed as soon as possible. I am happy to
provide any further information you may require to process the refund.
I would like to express my disappointment with the service I have received from your
company. I trust that you will take appropriate steps to ensure that such delays do not
happen in the future.
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
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5f Recycling Cairo
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Before you watch

1 Key vocabulary
Match these words with the pictures (1 - 6) Two words have the same meaning and match
one picture.
1. water tank
2. goat
3. solar panel
4. satellite dish
5. garbage
6. rooftop
8 In the video, Thomas Culhane says: 'One man's garbage is another's goldmine.'
Choose the correct meaning (a - c) for this expression.
b Some people think the rubbish is useless but other people think it's very useful.
9 List some things that people often use and throw away, which other people could
recycle or reuse.
Plastic bottles
Glass bottles
Cardboard boxes
Old newspapers and magazines
Scrap metal
Electronic devices
Furniture
Clothing and textiles
Food waste (for composting)
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Grammar
1 Choose the correct options to complete the article about recycling.
Recycling around the World
A new report looks at recycling in different countries and what they can learn from each
other.
Switzerland
"The" Swiss have different types of recycling bins and so local people only throw away
"a few" household items. For example, they recycle about 80% of their plastic bottles
which is a lot higher than other countries "the Europe."
USA
Overall, "the" USA doesn't recycle as much rubbish as a country like Switzerland but it's
introduced "a lot of" new projects in recent years. This year it recycled 48% of its paper,
40% of its plastic bottles, and 65% of its cans.
Senegal
Senegal recycles "a little" of its waste industrially, but people don't throw away "much"
items that they can use for something else. For example, you can buy shoes made from
old plastic bags and drinking cups made from tin cans.
2 >> MB Work in pairs. Look at the photos. Answer the questions for each photo.
1. What is the name of this?
• For Figure 1: The name of this is a house with solar panels.
• For Figure 2: The name of this is the edge of the forest with the desert in the
background.
2. What is the purpose of it?
• For Figure 1: The purpose of the house with solar panels is to generate renewable
energy from the sun.
• For Figure 2:The purpose of the forest bordering the desert could be to provide a
transition zone between the two ecosystems, support biodiversity, prevent
desertification, or serve as a habitat for various species.
Vocabulary
3 What material are these objects made of? Match the objects to the materials 1-6.
1 cardboard:
2 electronics: calculator, mobile phone
3 glass: jar
4 metal: can, radio
5 paper: book, magazine, envelope
6 plastic: bottle
4 > MB Work in pairs. Think of two more objects for each material in Exercise 3.
• Cardboard: cereal box, shoebox
• Glass: wine glass, drinking glass
• Plastic: plastic bag, plastic toy
• Metal: aluminum foil, car parts
• Paper: newspaper, notepad
• Electronics: laptop, television
5 Look at the percentages in the article in Exercise 1. Match the percentages to these
phrases.
1. over three quarters - 80%
2. nearly a half - 48%
3. over a third - 65%
4. about two thirds - 60%
6 >> MB Write the percentage of time you spend doing these things each week.
Then work in pairs. Explain how you spend your time.
• at work or at school - nearly a half (48%)
• sleeping - over a third (65%)
• going out and meeting friends - about two thirds (60%)
• cleaning your room or the house - over a third (65%)
• shopping - over a third (65%)
Real life
7 Work in pairs. Practise making a telephone call about an order. Take the roles of
someone who works for the company (A), and a customer (B). Use these ideas.
A: Hello, how can I help you?
B: Hi, I'm calling about an order. A clock I ordered hasn't arrived yet.
A: Could you please provide me with the order number?
B: It's AG-100234L.
A: I'm sorry, could you repeat that?
B: Sure, it's AG-100234L.
A: Let me check that for you. Is the "A" in the order number spelled as "Alpha"?
B: Yes, that's correct.
A: I apologize, but we no longer have this product available. Would you like to
change your order?
B: No, I would like a refund, please.
A: Alright. Would you like a confirmation email for the refund?
B: Yes, please.
A: Is there anything else I can assist you with?
B: No, that's all. Goodbye.
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Unit 6 Stages in life

3 Look at these different life events. Answer the questions.
1 At what age do people in your country do these things?
• get a pension: usually starting from 60 years old
• get your driving license: at least 18 years old
• go to college or university: typically after finishing high school at around 18-19
years old
• get married: varies, but generally between 20-30 years old
• learn to ride a bicycle: usually during childhood
• leave home: varies, but often after finishing college or university and starting a
career
• start a family: varies, but often between 25-35 years old
• start your career: typically after finishing college or university at around 22-23
years old
• retire from work: usually starting from 60 years old
• buy your first home: varies, but often between 25-35 years old
2 Do you think there is a correct time in your life to do each one?
There is no correct time to do each of these life events as it depends on individual
circumstances and personal goals. Some people may choose to get married and start a
family at a younger age, while others may focus on their career or education first.
Similarly, the timing of retirement or buying a first home may depend on financial
stability and future plans. It is important to make these decisions based on personal
factors and not societal expectations or pressures.
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6a Changing your life

Vocabulary describing age
1 In some countries it is rude to ask the question 'How old are you?' Is it rude to ask
this question in your country? What does it depend on?
• In Vietnam, it is generally considered impolite or inappropriate to ask someone
their age directly, especially if the person is significantly older than you.
• However, it is more acceptable to inquire indirectly, such as asking for someone's
year of birth or zodiac sign. The acceptability of asking about age may also
depend on the context and the relationship between the individuals involved. For
example, if the question is asked in a professional or formal setting, it may be
considered more appropriate than if it is asked in a casual or social setting.
2 We use the phrases in B to talk about general age, e.g. He's in his mid-twenties.
Match the ages in A with the phrases in B. Which words on page 69 also describe
these ages?
A: 25 (young adult); 14 (teenager); 83 (elderly); 39 (middle-aged); 39 (middle-aged); 53
(middle-aged)
B: mid-twenties; early teens; early eighties; late thirties; fifties;
Words on page 69 that describe these ages include: young adult, teenager, elderly,
middle-aged.
4 Read the article on page 71 about Rich and Amanda. What was their stage in life
when they left their jobs? Why did they decide to leave?
• What was their stage in life when they left their jobs?
Rich and Amanda Ligato were professional people with successful careers when
they left their jobs.
Why did they decide to leave?
They decided to leave their jobs because they realized that they wanted to stop
working and go travelling. They wanted to buy their freedom and live their dream.
5 Read the article again and answer the questions.
1. They always intended to do something fun and exciting at the weekend, but in the
end, there was never time.
2. They realized that they wanted to stop working and go travelling. They wanted to
buy their freedom and live their dream.
3. They bought a campervan to travel from the bottom of South America to Brazil.
4. They planned to travel to Africa by container ship.
5. Colleagues at work found it difficult to understand their decision to leave their
jobs and go on this kind of journey.
6. Even their closest friends thought they were crazy to go on this kind of journey.
7. After they left home, Rich and Amanda started to live their dream by travelling in
their campervan.
6 Look at the grammar box. Match the sentences (1 - 3) with the different forms (a -
c)
1. a - a verb + to + infinitive
2. b - an adjective + to + infinitive
3. c - to + infinitive explains the purpose of an action
7 Read about three people's future plans. Choose the correct options to complete the
three texts. What is each person's stage in life?
'One day I plan to go to university, but this year I'm working in a supermarket to earn
some money. Then I'd like to travel round the world for six months.' - This person is
likely a young person who has not yet gone to university.
'I'm so happy to retire! Some people tell me I should relax at this stage in my life, but I
don't want to sit at home doing nothing." - This person is likely an older person who is
approaching retirement age.
'These days it's really difficult to buy a house. Me and my husband can't afford one, so
we're living with his parents and saving money to buy a place of our own. It's hard not to
feel unhappy about it.' - This person is likely a young adult who is married or in a long-
term relationship and is struggling to buy their own home.
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9 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1 - 6) with the endings (a - f)
1. f - One day I intend to travel overseas.
2. a - I want to take a year off to spend more time with my family.
3. b - I'd be happy to live in another country.
4. e - In the future, I'd like to learn to play a musical instrument.
5. c - When I get older, I hope to buy my own house.
6. d - These days, it's difficult not to take work home.
11 Write your own sentences using the sentence beginnings (1-6) in Exercise 9. Then
work in pairs. Read out your sentences and compare your ideas.
1. One day I intend to write a book about my life experiences.
2. I want to take a year off to study a new skill and improve my career prospects.
3. I'd be happy to travel and work remotely, as long as I have a stable internet
connection.
4. In the future, I'd like to learn how to cook different cuisines from around the
world.
5. When I get older, I hope to volunteer and give back to my community.
6. These days, it's difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle while balancing work and
social commitments.
12 Work in groups. You plan to take six months off from your job or your studies
and have the trip of a lifetime! Discuss the following questions and make notes
about your plans. You can use the world map on pages 6-7 to help your planning.
• Which countries and continents do you plan to visit?
We are planning to visit Europe, Asia, and South America.
• Why do you want to visit these places?
We want to visit Europe to explore its rich history, architecture, and culture. In Asia, we
want to experience the diverse cultures and try new cuisines. In South America, we want
to see the natural beauty and explore the ancient ruins.
• What type of transport do you intend to use?
We plan to use a combination of transport, including flights, trains, buses, and boats. We
want to experience different modes of transportation and see the world from different
perspectives.
• What do you hope to do in each place that you visit?
In Europe, we want to visit historical landmarks, museums, and art galleries. In Asia, we
want to try new foods, learn about the cultures, and visit famous landmarks like the Great
Wall of China and the Taj Mahal. In South America, we want to explore the natural
beauty of the Amazon rainforest, hike in the Andes, and visit Machu Picchu.
• What do you think will be easy to do on the trip? What do you think will be
difficult to do?
We think it will be easy to find accommodation and food in most places we visit.
However, language barriers may be a challenge, especially in non-English speaking
countries. We also anticipate that navigating transportation systems may be difficult in
some places, but we are up for the challenge. Overall, we are excited about this trip of a
lifetime and can't wait to explore new cultures and make unforgettable memories.
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6b World party
2 Look at the first paragraph of the article. Why is the article called World party?
The article is called World party because it describes how people in different
countries celebrate Mardi Gras with live music, costumes, fireworks, parades, and good
food. It highlights the similarities and differences in the celebrations across the world.
3 Read the article. Match the sentences (1-6) with the four places in the article
1. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - The world-famous parades started in the mid-1800s, with
decorated floats and thousands of people dancing to samba.
2. Venice, Italy - Mardi Gras is called Carnevale in this beautiful city. The first
celebrations were in the 11th century and it is still a big celebration today.
3. New Orleans, USA - Visitors also have to try 'king cake' with its gold, purple and
green decorations.
4. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad - Nowadays, everyone enjoys the parties and concerts with
the famous steel drums playing from morning to midnight.
5. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - People eat a famous meat and bean stew called feijoada.
6. Venice, Italy - Visitors to the city can enjoy the costumes, candles, and fireworks
at night from a gondola in Venice's canals.
5 Work in groups. Describe your favourite festival or celebration in your country.
Answer these questions.
• My favorite festival is the Lunar New Year, also known as Tet. Tet is the most
important holiday in Vietnam and is celebrated every year in late January or early
February, depending on the lunar calendar.
• The origin of Tet is still being debated, but most information suggests that Nguyen
Dan New Year originated in China and was introduced to Vietnam in 1000 years
of Northern domination. But according to the legend of "Banh chung and banh
day", Vietnamese people celebrated Tet before the Hung Kings, that is, before
1000 years of Northern domination.
• There are many special foods associated with Tet, including banh chung, a sticky
rice cake filled with pork and beans, and mut, a variety of candied fruits and
vegetables. These foods are often prepared in advance and shared with family and
friends during the festival.
• During Tet, many people wear traditional ao dai costumes, which are long,
flowing dresses for women and tunics for men. These outfits are often brightly
colored and embroidered, and they are worn to show respect for tradition and to
celebrate the festival.
• In many cities and towns, people walk around the streets during Tet to enjoy the
festive atmosphere. Some places also have parades with elaborate floats and lion
or dragon dances.
• Fireworks are a common feature of Tet celebrations, especially on New Year's
Eve. They are believed to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck for the
coming year.
• Music is also an important part of Tet celebrations. Traditional folk music and
modern pop songs are played during the festival, and people often gather to sing
and dance together. Overall, Tet is a time for Vietnamese people to come together
and celebrate their cultural heritage and traditions.
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Grammar future forms

8 Look at the grammar box. Answer these questions.
a. Sentence 1 uses the present continuous ("Are you going to be"), sentence 2 uses "be
going to + infinitive" ("Everyone is meeting"), and sentence 3 uses "will + infinitive"
("I'll put it on").
b. Sentence 2 is about a general plan or future intention. The meeting time was decided
before the conversation.
c. Sentence 3 is about a decision at the time of speaking. Lorette decides to put on her
mask during the conversation.
d. Sentence 2 is about an arrangement for a fixed time, made before the conversation. The
group arranged to meet at the float at 6:15.
9 Choose the correct option in these sentences.
1 A: Did Geoff email the times of the parade?
B: I don't know. I'll check my inbox right away.
2 You're going to visit New Orleans! When did you decide that?
3 A: Hey, this costume would look great on you. B: Maybe. I'll try it on.
4 One day when I'm older, I'm going to visit Venice.
5 A: What time will we meet everyone for the parade?
B: At two in the main square.
6 A: What are we going to give Mark for a present?
B: We planned to give him a new shirt and tie.
7 A: What time will you leave?
B: Straight after the firework display. I need to go to bed early tonight.
12 Work in groups. Imagine your town is going to be five hundred years old. Have a
town meeting to plan and prepare the celebration. Discuss this list. Decide what you
would like to do and who is in charge of organizing each thing.
A: So, we're planning a celebration for our town's 500th anniversary. What kind of
celebration do we want to have?
B: How about a big parade through the town with floats and music?
C: That sounds great! We could have different groups in the town make their own floats
and have a competition for the best one.
A: Excellent idea! What kind of food should we have?
D: We could have a big community potluck with everyone bringing their favorite dish.
B: That's a great idea, but we should also have some traditional local food, like barbecue
or seafood.
C: Agreed! I'll contact some local restaurants and see if they can cater the event.
A: What kind of music should we have?
E: We should have live music from different local bands and artists.
D: And we should also have a DJ playing popular music.
B: Great! We can have different stages set up throughout the town with different kinds of
music.
A: Where should we have the celebration?
C: Let's have it in the town square! We can set up tents and stages there.
E: And we can also have some events in the local park or the beach.
A: When should we have the celebration?
D: How about the weekend before the actual anniversary date?
B: That's a good idea, but we should also have some events leading up to the celebration,
like a historical tour of the town or an art exhibit.
C: Yes, and we should also have some events after the celebration, like a cleanup day or a
charity fundraiser.
A: Great ideas, everyone! Let's start organizing and planning for this amazing
celebration!
13 Present your final plans to the whole class. Explain what you are going to do.
Hello, everyone! Our town is turning 500 years old, and we have some exciting
plans for a celebration!
Firstly, we're going to have a big parade through the town. Different groups in the
town will make their own floats, and we'll have a competition for the best one.
We're also going to have a big community potluck, where everyone brings their
favorite dish. And we'll have some traditional local food, like barbecue and seafood,
catered by local restaurants.
For music, we'll have live performances from different local bands and artists, as
well as a DJ playing popular music. We'll have different stages set up throughout the
town with different kinds of music.
The celebration will be held in the town square, where we'll set up tents and stages.
We'll also have some events in the local park and the beach.
The celebration will be held on the weekend before the actual anniversary date.
We'll also have some events leading up to the celebration, like a historical tour of the
town and an art exhibit. And we'll have some events after the celebration, like a cleanup
day and a charity fundraiser.
We're very excited about these plans and hope that everyone in the town will come
out and celebrate with us. Thank you!
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6c Coming of age
Reading
1 Discuss these questions.
1 At what age can people legally do these things in your country?
• In Vietnam, the legal age for driving a car is 18 years old.
• For getting married, the legal age is 18 for men and 16 for women.
• The legal age for buying cigarettes is 18 years old.
• Students can leave school at the age of 15.
• The legal age for buying fireworks is 18 years old.
• People can open a bank account at any age, but they need to be at least 16 to have
their own debit card.
2 At what age do you think teenagers become adults?
In my opinion, teenagers become adults at the age of 18. At this age, they are legally
responsible for their actions and can vote, drive a car, and get married.
3 Do you have special celebrations in your country for young people as they become
adults?
Yes, in Vietnam, we have a special celebration for young people when they become
adults. It is called "Tết Điền Dã" or "The Coming of Age Festival". It is usually held in
the spring, and young people who have turned 18 in the previous year are invited to
participate. The festival includes traditional ceremonies, feasting, and performances. It's a
way for young people to celebrate their transition into adulthood.
3 Read the three posts about different coming-of-age ceremonies. Are these
sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. False (The Quinceañera celebration is common in Latin-American cultures, not in
many different countries.)
2. True
3. True
4. False (When the husband dies, the wife gets financial control over the husband's
younger brothers' money and all their cattle.)
5. True
6. True
4 These pairs of words are on the web page. Match the words with the definitions (a-
b).
1. culture - b, country - a
2. celebration - a, ceremony - b
3. bridegroom - a
4. legal rights - a, social traditions – b
5 The three posts on the web page are by different writers. Match the posts with
these three ways of looking at the topic (a - c) Underline the words that help you
decide.
Post 1: Historical view - The writer talks about the history of the Quinceañera celebration
and how it has evolved over time. Words that help us decide include "ancient tribes,"
"European features," and "19th century."
Post 2: Economic view - The writer discusses the costs involved in the Hamar tribe's
coming-of-age ceremony and how it affects marriage and financial control. Words that
help us decide include "economy," "pay," and "financial control."
Post 3: Social view - The writer talks about the Seijin-no-Hi celebration and how it is
changing in modern times. Words that help us decide include "society," "decreased," and
"modern twenty-year-olds."
Word focus get

7 Look at the web page again and find four examples of the word get. Match them
with these meanings.
Example 1: "Many people believe the celebration started when the Spanish first came to
parts of the Caribbean, Central America and South America." (become)
Example 2: "After that, the man's family chooses a wife and they have to pay the bride's
family about thirty goats and twenty cows." (receive)
Example 3: "It's called Seijin-no-Hi and the young men and women wear formal clothes
and attend ceremonies." (start)
Example 4: "Maybe it's also because it's too expensive and modern twenty-year-olds are
less interested in these kinds of social traditions." (become)
8 Read the description of a wedding. Match the uses of get (1-7) with the meanings
(a - g)
1. Use of "get": get engaged - Meaning: become
2. Use of "get": get ready - Meaning: prepare
3. Use of "get": gets up early - Meaning: start the day
4. Use of "get": get together - Meaning: meet and socialize
5. Use of "get": get a lot of presents - Meaning: receive
6. Use of "get": leave to get their plane - Meaning: catch
7. Use of "get": get back - Meaning: return
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6d An invitation
Speaking
1 Which of these events are very formal? Which are less formal?
Very Formal:
• An engagement party
• Your grandfather's ninetieth birthday party
Less Formal:
• An end-of-course party
• A leaving party for a work colleague
• Going out for dinner with a work client
• A barbecue with family and friends
5 Work in pairs. Take turns to invite each other to different formal and informal
events from Exercise 1. Think about how formal you need to be. Practise accepting
and declining.
Person A: Hi, would you like to come to my engagement party next week? It's going to
be a very formal event.
Person B: Congratulations on your engagement! Thank you for inviting me, but I'm
afraid I won't be able to make it.
Person A: Oh, that's too bad. Are you sure you can't rearrange your schedule? It's going
to be a really special event.
Person B: I appreciate the invitation, but I already have plans for that day. Thanks again
for inviting me though.
Person A: No problem, I understand. The party will start at 6 pm at the Grand Hotel
downtown. I hope you have a great day.
Person B: Thank you, you too!
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6e A wedding in Madagascar
Writing a description
1 Read this post from a travel blog. Which of the things in the box does the writer
describe?
The writer describes clothes, festivals and ceremonies, food and meals in the post.
2 Writing skill descriptive adjectives
a When you write about places or special events, it's important to use interesting and
very descriptive adjectives. Match the highlighted adjectives in the travel blog with
these less descriptive adjectives (1-4).
1. big: enormous, huge
2. unhappy: miserable
3. nice: beautiful, colourful, smart, delicious
4. boring: dull
b Work in pairs. Improve these sentences with more descriptive adjectives. You can use
words from Exercise 2 or your own ideas.
1. Venice is an enchanting city with a wealth of ancient, ornate buildings.
2. In the USA, you can savor enormous, juicy burgers.
3. The parade became monotonous after a while.
4. The crowd was overjoyed as the spectacular fireworks lit up the sky.
5. All the costumes were eye-catching and elaborate.
6. I was extremely disheartened to bid farewell to the enchanting city of Paris.
7. I tried sushi for the first time and it was absolutely delicious.
8. The breathtaking view of the majestic mountains left me speechless.
c Work in pairs. Look at the topics in Exercise 1. Think of two or three interesting
adjectives for each one. Use a dictionary to help you. Then work with another pair and
compare your adjectives.
• Food and meals: mouth-watering, delectable, scrumptious
• Clothes: fashionable, trendy, chic
• Festivals and ceremonies: festive, jubilant, grandiose
• Nature and geographical features: scenic, picturesque, awe-inspiring
• People: friendly, hospitable, welcoming
• Towns, cities, and buildings: historic, architectural, charming
3 Choose one of these topics and write a short
A festival or celebration:
One of the most important and fascinating festivals in Vietnam is the Hung Temple
Festival. It is held annually on the 10th day of the third lunar month, and it honors the
legendary founders of the nation, the Hung Kings. The festival takes place in Phu Tho
province, where the ancient Hung Temple is located. During the festival, people from all
over the country come to pay their respects to the Hung Kings and pray for good luck and
prosperity. The atmosphere is electric, with dragon and lion dances, processions, and
traditional music performances. The highlight of the festival is the incense offering
ceremony, where thousands of people gather to light incense and offer it to the Hung
Kings. It is a truly unique and magical experience that showcases the rich culture and
history of Vietnam.
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6f Steel drums
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Before you watch

1 Look at the photo on page 78 and discuss the questions.
1 What kind of musical instrument is the woman playing?
The woman in the photo is playing a steel drum, also known as a steelpan. It is a
percussion instrument that was invented in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1930s.
2 How important is music in your country?
Music is very important in Vietnam. It is an essential part of the country's culture
and is deeply ingrained in the daily lives of Vietnamese people. Music is used to
celebrate special occasions, such as weddings and festivals, and is also used to convey
emotions in traditional folk songs.
3 Does your country have a traditional type of music and musical instrument?
Yes, Vietnam has a traditional type of music and musical instrument. It is called nhã
nhạc, which is a type of court music that was performed during the Nguyen dynasty in
the 19th century. The musical instruments used in nhã nhạc include the đàn tranh (a
zither), the đàn nguyệt (a two-stringed guitar), and the đàn nhị (a two-stringed fiddle).
The music is slow and gentle, and is meant to convey a sense of refinement and elegance.
2 Key vocabulary
1. tune - e) change the sound of the instrument so it sounds nice
2. influenced - b) affected or changed
3. drums - c) round metal containers
4. banned - d) stopped (by law)
5. is native to - a) comes from
After you watch

b Complete the information about the Australian didgeridoo with these words.
The didgeridoo is a musical instrument which goes back about 1,500 years. The
instrument is made from a long piece of wood with a hole down the middle. Aborigines
of different tribes and backgrounds play the didgeridoo; they don't read from music but
play by ear. As you travel around Australia, you can't escape its famous sound and you'll
often see performers playing the instrument at special Aboriginal celebrations because it's
an important symbol of their culture.
6 Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
1 Musical instruments can be important national and cultural symbols. What are some
other important symbols of your country or culture? (e.g. your country's flag)
In addition to the flag, some important symbols of my country and culture include
traditional clothing, food, and architecture. For example, the ao dai is a traditional
Vietnamese dress that is often worn during special occasions such as weddings and
festivals. Vietnamese cuisine is also a symbol of our culture, with dishes such as pho and
banh mi being well-known around the world. Finally, traditional Vietnamese architecture,
such as the design of pagodas and temples, is also an important symbol of our cultural
heritage.
2 Plan a short two-minute video about your country's symbols. Which ones will you
show in the video? What will you say about them? (e.g. their history, how they are
made, how people use them)
For the video about my country's symbols, I would show images of the ao dai, pho,
banh mi, and traditional Vietnamese architecture. I would provide brief historical and
cultural context for each symbol, highlighting their significance within Vietnamese
culture. For example, I would explain that the ao dai is a symbol of elegance and grace,
and has been worn by Vietnamese women for centuries. I would also explain that pho is a
beloved dish that is often eaten for breakfast in Vietnam, and that it is made from a
flavorful broth and rice noodles. Finally, I would explain that traditional Vietnamese
architecture is characterized by a focus on balance and harmony, with an emphasis on
natural materials such as wood and stone.
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Grammar
1 >> MB Work in pairs. Look at these sentences about the future. Can you explain
the difference in meaning between the different verb forms?
1. "I'm going to study English at university" - This sentence expresses a future plan
or intention. The speaker has already made the decision to study English at
university.
2. "I think I'll study for my English test next" - This sentence expresses a
spontaneous decision or intention. The speaker has just decided, in the moment, to
study for their English test.
3. "I'm meeting my friend to study English together" - This sentence expresses a
planned arrangement or appointment in the future. The speaker has made plans to
meet their friend for the specific purpose of studying English together.
4. "I plan to study English at university" - This sentence also expresses a future plan
or intention, but it is stated more formally and objectively.
2 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1. We "hope to" visit my family this weekend, but we aren't sure yet.
2.
• A: I need someone to carry these books for me.
• B: I'll help you!
3. It isn't easy to win the lottery.
4.
• A: When are you going to bring the cake?
• B: In a few minutes.
5. Rachel is having a party tonight. She arranged it months ago.
3 MB Work in pairs . Tell each other about:
• Your plans for this weekend: I plan to relax and spend time with my family. We
might go for a picnic if the weather is nice
• Your future career intentions: I intend to pursue a career in marketing. I'm
interested in digital marketing and would like to work for a tech company
Vocabulary
4 Match the verbs in A with the words in B to make phrases
1. get to school
2. go buy your own clothes
3. buy a family
4. learn your first job
5. start to drive
5 » MB Work in pairs. Look at the phrases in Exercise 4 and answer these
questions.
1. What order do these things normally happen in life?
• The typical order is: get to school, go buy your own clothes, buy a family, learn
your first job, start to drive.
2. Which things have you done?
• Please provide your own response based on your personal experiences.
3. What age were you when you did them? (e.g. thirteen or early teens)
4. How did you feel at the time?
5. When do you plan to do the other ones?
• Please provide your own response based on your future plans and aspirations.
6 Complete the text about the Notting Hill Carnival with these words.
Every year at the end of August, the London neighbourhood of Notting Hill is full of
colourful costumes for the biggest carnival in Europe. Over 40,000 volunteers help by
putting up decorations along the streets of West London and welcoming over one million
visitors to the party. Many of them make and wear their own costumes. The Caribbean
community of London started the event in 1966. You'll see many decorated floats and
hear loud music and traditional steel drums.
Real life
7 Look at the sentences (1 - 4) Replace the words in bold with these phrases.
1. Would you like to go for a coffee?
2. I'd like you to come with me to the cinema.
3. It's nice of you to ask, but I'm out this evening.
4. That sounds great. Thanks.
8 Work in pairs. Invite each other to do something this week. Accept or decline the
invitation.
A: Hi, would you like to grab dinner together this week?
B: That sounds great! I'd love to. How about Thursday evening?
A: Thursday works for me. Let's meet at 7 pm at the Italian restaurant downtown.
B: Perfect. See you on Thursday at 7 pm!
A: Hey, I'd like to invite you to a movie night at my place this weekend. Are you
available?
B: Thank you for the invitation, but I already have plans for this weekend. Maybe
we can do it another time?
A: No problem at all. Let's find another date that works for both of us.

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UNIT1: LIFESTYLE

1a How well do you sleep?

1. get - g home late

Grammar present simple and adverbs of frequency

2- a) to talk about things that are always true

The secrets of sleep

Why do we have problems sleeping?

Why do we sleep differently?

a3 Listen to the endings of these verbs. Is the sound / s / , |z| or | Lz / ?

7 Discuss the questions.

2. Does anyone in your family ever take a nap in the afternoon?

Hardly ever: 1-19%

2. An expression of frequency usually goes at the beginning, middle or end of a

1. My brother always plays tennis on Saturday mornings.

2. We eat out at a restaurant about once a month.

5. They go on holiday twice a year.

A: How often do you eat out?

B: I eat out in restaurants about once a week.

A: How often do you take public transport?

B: I take public transport every day to go to work.

A: How often do you check your phone for messages?

B: I check my phone for messages several times a day.

A: How often do you go on holiday?

B: I go on holiday once a year.

1b The secrets of a long long life

1. Okinawa Island is in Japan.

4. I do gardening, but I do not go fishing or cycling. However, I do spend time with

Grammar present simple and present continuous

- "Men live to the same age as women." (a general truth)

- She is watching a movie.

- They are playing soccer.

1. We are learning a new language at the moment.

2. My friends and I often spend time at each other's houses.

3. Can you wait a moment? I am checking my emails.

4. How often do you go to the gym?

5. I am reading a really interesting book at the moment.

1. a) How do you usually spend your free time?

b) Are you doing much sport these days?

2. a) Do you often read novels?

b) Are you reading any good books at the moment?

b) Where do you plan to go this year?

4. a) Do you speak any other languages?

b) Are you learning any new languages?

A: How do you usually spend your free time?

A: I'm trying to learn French, but it's been a bit challenging.

1c Nature is good for you

a - Paragraph 1: how much time we spend outdoors

3 Read the article again. Answer the questions.

Word focus feel

5 Complete the questions with these words.

1. What do you usually feel like doing after a day at work?

- The main idea is in sentence b.

1 Look at the pictures

a. 2 - I take medicine or pills.

1. c - Have you got an earache?

1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

3 Writing skill information on forms

1. DOB = Date of birth

Please fill in the following information:

1. This sport is swimming