Wave

User Manual
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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 9
1.1 WHAT IS WAVE? 9
1.2 APPLICATION CONCEPT 9

2 WAVE CARRY CASE 10

3 WAVE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 11

3.1 THE SCREEN 11
3.2 THE POWER BUTTON 11
3.3 LED BEHAVIOURS 12
3.3.1 THE DEVICE IS TURNED OFF 12
3.3.2 THE DEVICE IS BOOTING 12
3.4 THE UT CONNECTORS 13
3.4.1 THE UT CONNECTOR PINOUTS 13
3.5 THE GPIO CONNECTOR 14
3.5.1 GPIO CONNECTOR PINOUT 14
3.6 THE EXPANSION PORT 15
3.7 THE USB-C CONNECTOR 15
3.7.1 CHARGING THROUGH USB-C 16
3.7.2 USB-C TO ETHERNET ADAPTER 16
3.8 THE BATTERY 17
3.8.1 BATTERY ICON 17
3.9 THE UNIT’S STAND 17

4 POWERING UP AND SHUTTING DOWN 19

4.1 SHUTTING DOWN THE UNIT 19

5 MAIN SCREEN OVERVIEW 20

5.1 HOME SCREEN 20
5.2 APP DESCRIPTION SCREEN 20
5.2.1 PREFERRED CONFIGURATION 21
5.3 INSPECTION SCREEN 22
5.4 REPORT SCREEN 23

6 THE BASICS – INSPECTION SCREEN 24

6.1 THE MENU ITEMS 24
6.2 PERMANENT ON-SCREEN ACTION BUTTONS 25
6.3 FREEZE 25
6.4 SCREEN CAPTURE 26
6.5 GATES 26
6.5.1 ENABLING A GATE 26
6.5.2 MOVING GATES AND CHANGING GATE PROPERTIES 27
6.5.3 SETTING A GATE ON A SCAN PLAN VIEW 28

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6.6 ALARMS 29
6.6.1 ALARM ON-SCREEN LED COLOURS 29
6.6.2 COMPLEX ALARMS 30
6.7 LAYOUT 30
6.8 TOOLBAR 31
6.8.1 FULL SCREEN MODE 32
6.8.2 SAVE A CONFIGURATION 32
6.8.3 CREATE A REPORT 33
6.8.4 QUIT AN APPLICATION 33

7 MEASUREMENTS 34
7.1 MEASUREMENT DEFINITIONS 36
7.2 MEASUREMENTS REFERENCE TABLE 37
7.3 MEASUREMENT VALUES 41
7.4 MEASUREMENT COORDINATES REFERENCES 41
7.5 MEASUREMENTS UNITS 42
7.6 FSH% MEASUREMENT IN GATES 42

8 ULTRASONIC PARAMETERS – ADVANCED NOTIONS 43

8.1 THE A-SCAN VIEW 43
8.1.1 REFERENCE A-SCAN 43
8.1.2 A-SCAN ZOOM 43
8.1.3 AUTO 80% FSH 44
8.2 TX/RX MENU 44
8.3 SIGNAL MENU 45
8.3.1 FILTER REFERENCE TABLE 46
8.4 GATE ADVANCED SETTINGS 47
8.4.1 GATE POLARITY 47
8.4.2 SETTING UP AN ADAPTIVE GATE IN GATE MODE 47

9 THE PROBE SELECTION 48

10 THE PART WIZARD 50

10.1 PART TYPES 50
10.1.1 PART TYPE DIMENSIONS 50
10.2 WELD TYPES 51
10.2.1 WELD DIMENSIONS 54
10.3 WIZARD 55
10.3.1 PART VIEW 55

11 THE SCAN PLAN VIEW 56

11.1 SCAN PLAN MENU 56
11.2 MOVING A PROBE 57

12 AUTO CAL AND SIZING METHODS 58

12.1 AUTO CAL 58
12.2 DAC 58

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12.2.1 CREATE A DAC CURVE 58

12.2.2 DAC SIZING OPTIONS 60
12.2.3 ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE DAC GAIN MODE 60
12.2.4 AMPLITUDE CORRECTED AND UNCORRECTED MEASUREMENTS 61
12.3 TCG 62
12.3.1 CREATE A TCG CURVE 62
12.3.2 TCG SIZING OPTIONS 64
12.4 DGS 64
12.4.1 PERFORMING A DGS CALIBRATION 64
12.4.2 DGS SIZING OPTIONS 66
12.5 AWS 66
12.5.1 PERFORMING AN AWS CALIBRATION 67
12.5.2 AWS SIZING OPTIONS 67
12.6 API 68
12.6.1 PERFORM AN API CALIBRATION 68
12.6.2 API SIZING OPTION 69
12.7 T-LOG 69
12.7.1 PARAMETER DESCRIPTIONS 70
12.7.2 COLOUR PALETTE 71
12.7.3 T-MIN FUNCTION 72
12.7.4 CSV FILES 72

13 REPORT 74
13.1 WORKFLOW 74
13.2 SCREENSHOT 75
13.2.1 NAME AND COMMENT 76
13.2.2 RATING AND COLOUR 76
13.2.3 CANCEL AND SAVE 76
13.3 CREATE A REPORT 77
13.3.1 FROM THE INSPECTION SCREEN 77
13.3.2 FROM THE APP DESCRIPTION SCREEN 78
13.4 REPORT CREATING SCREEN 78
13.4.1 SOURCE 78
13.4.2 GENERAL 80
13.4.3 INSPECTION SUMMARY 81
13.4.4 IMAGES 83
13.4.5 UT PARAMETERS 84
13.4.6 PROBE AND WEDGE 86
13.5 REPORT PREVIEW 86
13.5.1 NAVIGATION IN THE PDF REPORT 88
13.6 SAVE AND NAME A REPORT 88
13.7 VIEW AN EXISTING REPORT 89
13.7.1 DELETE AN EXISTING REPORT 90
13.8 RETRIEVE A REPORT 90
13.8.1 WITH WAVE COMPANION. 90
13.8.2 BY EMAIL 90

14 SETTINGS 92

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14.1 GENERAL 92
14.1.1 BRIGHTNESS 92
14.1.2 HIGH CONTRAST 93
14.1.3 DATE AND TIME 93
14.2 LANGUAGE 93
14.3 NETWORK 93
14.3.1 WIRED NETWORK CONNECTION 94
14.3.2 NETWORK CONNECTION VIA WI-FI 95
14.4 ABOUT 96
14.5 LEGAL 96

15 UPDATES 97
15.1 INTERNET UPDATE 97
15.2 USB-C UPDATE 97

16 REMOTE CONNECTION AND VNC 98

16.1 CONNECTION TO A NETWORK 98
16.2 SHARING YOUR INTERNET CONNECTION FROM YOUR LAPTOP 98
16.3 SHARING YOUR INTERNET CONNECTION FROM YOUR MOBILE PHONE 99

17 MENUS AND PARAMETERS REFERENCE 100

18 WAVE COMPANION 106

18.1 CONNECT WAVE TO THE WAVE COMPANION 106
18.2 VERSION COMPATIBILITY 106

19 QUALITY ASSURANCE 107

20 MAINTENANCE 108
20.1 TEMPERATURES 108
20.2 SCREEN 108
20.3 CONNECTORS 108
20.4 BATTERY AND POWER SUPPLY 108
20.5 USB-C CONNECTOR 109
20.6 TRAVELLING 109

21 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 110

21.1 PROBES 110
21.2 ACCESSORIES 110
21.3 SONATEST WEBSITE 110

22 WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMERS 111

22.1 WARRANTY 111
22.2 DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY 111

23 TROUBLESHOOTING 112

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23.1 BATTERY 112

23.2 USB-C CONNECTOR 112
23.3 SYSTEM STATUS 112
23.4 HARD SHUTDOWN 112
23.5 APPLICATION 113

24 GLOSSARY 114

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Copyright
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Sonatest
Limited.

Sonatest Limited or its subsidiaries provide this manual “AS IS” without warranty of any
kind, either express or implied. Included but not limited to the implied warranties or
conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In NO events shall
Sonatest Limited, its subsidiaries, its directors, officers, employers, or agents be liable for
indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, even if Sonatest Limited or its
subsidiaries have been advised of the possibility of such damages arising from any defect
or error in this manual or product.

Specifications and information contained in this manual are furnished for informational
use only, and are subject to change at any time without notice, and should not be
construed as a commitment by Sonatest Limited or its subsidiaries.

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1 Introduction
1.1 What is Wave?
Wave is a new generation, smart flaw detector. It has been designed to simplify the work
of technicians and engineers. It is based on simple, custom-made applications that can
be tailored to meet the specific requirements of different inspection procedures.

Wave also brings new tools to make the interpretation of A-Scans easier. A scan plan and
complete 2-D view can be used to represent the part being inspected. A smart ray tracer
then displays the ultrasonic beam path travelling within the piece of material, precisely
showing the echoes, echo amplitude and gate positions.

As well, Wave allows using all the main sizing methods, including DAC and DGS to name
a few.

1.2 Application Concept

Applications are a subset of the Default application that is pre-installed on all shipped
Wave units. The Default app allows access to all functionalities and features, and you
have the flexibility of setting all parameters to any possible value.

Applications are easily created using the Wave Companion Software. Once created, these
new apps are transferred and installed on a Wave unit. They are then immediately
available to the Wave user.

A custom app will greatly simplify the instrument usage by building a much simplified
environment. This allows streamlining your task, as well as lowering the risk of misusing
the instrument.

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2 Wave Carry Case

The Wave carry case includes:

● Wave instrument;
● Smart Li-on battery pack;
● AC/DC battery charger;
● Ethernet to USB-C adapter;
● Ethernet cable;
● Quick Start Guide booklet;
● Couplant bottle.

Figure 1 – Wave Transport Case

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3 Wave Physical Characteristics

3.1 The Screen
The seven-inch screen of Wave occupies most of the front area of the instrument. It is
made of glass, which makes it very easy to clean, and is protected on all sides with a
rubberised contour.

Touchs
creenT
ouchsc
reen

LED

Power button
Figure 2 – Wave with the touch screen, power button, and LED indicator

The unit does not present any physical button apart from the power button. Operating
the unit is done using the integrated touch panel. Using the latest projective capacitive
(P-CAP) technology, the touch panel allows multi-touch as well as drag and pinch
gestures. Using working gloves is not a problem as the touchscreen controller has been
programmed to adapt to different circumstances. Moreover, water or couplant will not
interfere or affect the behaviour of finger detection.

3.2 The Power Button

The power button is used to turn the unit on. Once the unit is turned on, it is possible to
double-click the power button and disable the touchscreen. A lock screen icon appears in
the top right corner of the screen. Double-click the power button again to enable the
touchscreen.

Figure 3 - Lock screen icon

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NOTE: Disabling the touch screen can be useful for cleaning the screen.

IMPORTANT: To turn the unit off, you must use the on-screen power-
off button appearing at the bottom right of the Home screen. See
Section 4 for more details.

3.3 LED Behaviours

The LED light, next to the power button, provides information on Wave’s status.

3.3.1 The Device Is Turned off

• If Wave is not connected to the power supply, which means it is not charging, the
LED light is turned off.
• If Wave is connected to the power supply, which means the device is charging, the
LED will blink.
• If Wave is connected to the power supply and it is fully charged, a solid green LED
light is displayed.

3.3.2 The Device Is Booting

• During the booting phase, the LED will blink for 5 seconds until the Home screen
appears.

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3.4 The UT Connectors

The UT connectors are located on top of the unit. There is one TX/RX connector and one
RX connector. They are identified directly on the casing. These UT connectors can be
LEMO or BNC.

When using the instrument in pulse-echo mode, only the TX/RX output is used. For pitch
and catch, both TX/RX and RX must be hooked up to the probe.

TX/RX

RX
Expansion

GPIO

Figure 4 – Wave connectors and the expansion ports

3.4.1 The UT Connector Pinouts

The following tables describe the pinouts of the UT connectors. Figure 5 and Figure 6
illustrate the localisation of the pinouts in the Lemo connector and BNC.

Table 1 – TX/RX connector pinouts

Pin number I/O I/O type Description

1 In/Out Analogue Ultrasound pulse transmitter/receiver
2 Out Power Ground

Table 2 – RX connector pinouts

Pin number I/O I/O type Description

1 In/Out Analogue Ultrasound pulse receiver
2 Out Power Ground

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Figure 5 – Lemo ultrasound connector pinouts

Figure 6 – BNC ultrasound connector pinouts

3.5 The GPIO Connector

An additional connector is present just beside the UT connectors. This is the GPIO
connector for encoder inputs and digital outputs namely used for alarms.

NOTE: The UT and GPIO connectors, when not used, should always
be hidden by their protective covers. Though these connectors are
rugged and rated IP67, they can eventually become damaged by the
accumulation of dirt, which may cause some contacts to fail.

3.5.1 GPIO Connector Pinout

The following table describes the pinouts of the GPIO connector. Figure 7 illustrates the
localisation of these pinouts.

Table 3 – GPIO connector pinouts

Pin number I/O I/O type Description

1 Out Power 5V DC power supply (500 mA limit)
2 Out Power Ground
3 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 1 / General Purpose Output 1
4 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 2 / General Purpose Output 2
5 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 3 / General Purpose Output 3
6 Out TTL 5V Alarm Output 4 / General Purpose Output 4
7 In TTL 5V Encoder 1 Phase A
8 In TTL 5V Encoder 1 Phase B
9 In TTL 5V Encoder 2 Phase A
10 In TTL 5V Encoder 2 Phase B
11 In TTL 5V External Trigger Input
12 In/Out RS-485 Noninverting Receiver Input and Driver Output
13 In/Out RS-485 Inverting Receiver Input and Driver Output
14 Out Analogue Proportional output
15 Out Power Ground
16 Out Power Ground

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Figure 7 – GPIO connector pinouts

The following table presents information regarding the part number of the GPIO.

Table 4 – GPIO part number

Type Part number Description

Wave connector HEG.1K.316.CLNP K Series (1K), 16-pin, receptacle, centre key (G),
(Lemo) watertight
Mating connector FGG.1K.316.CLAC K Series (1K), 16-pin, straight plug, centre key
(Lemo) (G)

3.6 The Expansion Port

The expansion port is a Sonatest proprietary connection that will allow adding extra
accessories. The protector cap over the expansion port must remain in place to protect
the connector. It should only be removed when attaching an accessory.

3.7 The USB-C Connector

The USB-C connector can be found on the left side (front view) of the instrument. It is
protected and lies behind a small door made of soft material.

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USB-C
door

Figure 8 – Wave from the left side

3.7.1 Charging Through USB-C

Wave’s USB-C port is hence used to recharge the instrument’s battery. The AC-DC power
supply provided with the unit allows fast charging. Typically, a full recharge of a dead
battery to 100% charge level will take just over 3 hours even if the unit is turned on during
recharge.

USB-C hubs can be inserted between the power supply and the instrument, allowing extra
connections (like being hooked-up to a wired network) at the same time as the
instrument’s battery is being recharged.

IMPORTANT: Sonatest recommends a few USB-C hubs. Please follow

these recommendations as some manufacturers may not provide
fully USB-C compliant devices. Go to Sonatest’s website to view an
updated list of these pre-tested hubs.

3.7.2 USB-C to Ethernet Adapter

The unit comes with a small USB-C to wired Ethernet adapter. This is used to connect your
unit to your local network and allow you to exchange data between the instrument and
a laptop computer, for example. For more information regarding the data transfers,
including installing custom applications on your Wave unit, consult the “Wave Companion
User Manual”, where all information about creating custom apps as well as transferring
them to a Wave unit is provided.

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3.8 The Battery

Wave is powered by a 72 W/h battery, typically capable of providing 10 hours of
continuous use. The battery compartment is located on the back of the unit, and it is
accessible just behind the battery door. Note that to remove the battery, you have to pull
on the battery tab that will push back the additional battery latch that secures the battery
in order to prevent any disconnect in the event of a shock or a drop. Pulling on the tab
will make the battery come out of its compartment.

Battery
compartme
nt

Figure 9 – Wave battery compartment door

NOTE: Always turn off the instrument before removing the battery.
Doing differently may cause undesirable effects.

3.8.1 Battery Icon

The battery icon changes colour depending on the charge level of the device. In addition,
if the device is at10% or less, it is recommended to save the configuration, turn off the
device and replace the battery.

Figure 10 – Battery icon

3.9 The Unit’s Stand

At the back of the Wave instrument, there is a stand providing a full 180⁰ of adjustment,
without any position limitation in between 0⁰ and 180⁰. The stand, when fully extended,
can serve as a handle to carry the unit. The anti-skid material of both the handle and
around the instrument makes it easy to find a sturdy way to have the unit lay on pretty
much any surface.

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4 Powering Up and Shutting Down

The instrument is powered up by pressing the power-on button located at the bottom,
just under the display.

Power button

Figure 11 – How to power up the Wave

4.1 Shutting Down the Unit

Shut down the unit from the Home screen. By pressing the red On/Off button, you will
be presented with a confirmation screen where you can select between Shutdown,
Reboot, or Cancel.

Figure 12 – Shutting down from the Home screen

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5 Main Screen Overview

There are several screens available in Wave. This section highlights the main features of
each screen. For more details, see the corresponding sections.

5.1 Home Screen

When powering up your instrument, you will be presented with the Home screen, where
all the available applications appear. By default, Wave has seven (7) applications: Default,
Default imperial, DAC, DASH, DGS, TKY and Tlog.

Settings

Applications
Software
Update

Power-off
button

Figure 13 – Wave Home screen

From this screen, you can click on an application to access the App Description screen,
Settings, Software Update. You can also close the device with the Power-off button.

5.2 App Description Screen

The App Description screen displays a short description of the app as well as a list of
configurations and reports associated with this specific app. Moreover, for a
configuration, a section to the right lists the main parameters of the highlighted
configuration, which helps you to select the right one prior to launching the app.

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Figure 14 – App Description screen

NOTE: From the App Description screen, you can delete a

configuration or a report by using the Delete button. This requires a
long press, as indicated by the long press icon.

5.2.1 Preferred Configuration

A preferred configuration can be selected. This allows the preferred configuration to be
located at the top of the list. Also, this will be the default configuration launched.

In order to create the preferred configuration, long press on the desired configuration. A
star will appear on the chosen configuration. In order to remove the preferred status
from a configuration, simply make another long press.

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5.3 Inspection Screen

Once a configuration is chosen, the inspection will begin. From top to bottom, the on-
screen action buttons are permanent buttons that are always displayed, even in full-
screen mode (see Section 6.2). The Freeze button is used to freeze the signal on the
screen (see Section 6.3). The Screen Capture button allows you to take a screenshot,
name it, and add important information (see Section 6.4). The menu allows you to
navigate through the menus. The parameters are dynamically linked to the selected
menu.

On-screen action
Measurements Layout
buttons

Toolbar

Parameters
associated
to Signal
menu

Figure 15 – Inspection screen

Starting from left to right, the Inspection screen always displays four measurements. The
Layout button allows you to change views or groups of views (see Section 6.7). Finally,
the Toolbar menu is a toggle menu (see Section 6.8).

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5.4 Report Screen

This screen has six tabs on the left and filters at the top. The filters are used only for the
selection of the Source and Image.

Figure 16 – Report screen

The Source is used to define the reference screenshot that will populate the report. The
General tab allows you to add information about the customer and the inspected part.
The Inspection Summary tab describes the inspection identifies the inspector. The
Images tab allows you to select the images in the report. The UT Parameters tab displays
the ultrasound information. Finally, as the name implies, the Probe and Wedge tab
displays information related to the probe and wedge used during the inspection. Finally,
the Preview button displayed the PDF report. For more details, please see Section 13.

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6 The Basics – Inspection Screen

The Inspection Screen, among all the screens presented in the Main Screen Overview
section, remains the one that will be the most used by the inspector. Therefore, this
section presents the basics to know about the Inspection screen. For more detailed
explanations of ultrasonic parameters, please refer to Section 8.

6.1 The Menu Items

In the Inspection screen, the menu item selected appears with its associated parameters.
The Default and Default imperial apps have the following menus, which are considered
as the basic menus:

• Cal • Signal • TX/RX • Sizing • Part • Probe

• Display • Alarms • Gate 1 • Gate 2 • Gate 3 • Gate 4
• Scan
Plan
If an app has different menus, it means that they have been modified by the Wave
Companion.

To have access to a different menu (and its proper list of parameters), simply press the
displayed menu item to make a list of menus appear. Select the desired menu from that
list.

Figure 17 - List of Menu items

NOTE: A small hand and finger in the upper right corner of some
buttons indicates that a long press will trigger a specific action. For
example, on the Gain button, this will set the amplitude of the A-Scan
under the selected gate to a predetermined FSH, usually 80%.

To change the value of a parameter, press it to see editing tools appear.

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Numeric keypad

Pre-set
values

Increment values

Figure 18 – Different ways to modify the value of a parameter

For example, in the above figure, simply select a new value for Velocity from the list of
pre-set values. You can also change the Velocity value by increments of ±1 or ±10.
Another option would be to make the on-screen keypad appear in order to then enter a
specific value.

6.2 Permanent On-screen Action Buttons

At the top left of the Wave’s screen, there are two (2) permanent action buttons,
regardless if the unit is in full screen or not. These are described below.

Table 5 - On-screen action button

Button Action
Gain Change gain, from 0 dB to 110 dB
Reset Zoom Resets A-Scan to normal (“zoom out”) mode. The button is enabled
(non-greyed out) when the A-Scan is zoomed. The A-Scan will be
zoomed after zooming in on a gate (by double-tapping on the gate)
or after zooming in part of the A-Scan.

6.3 Freeze
The table below describes the behaviour of the Freeze button.

Table 6 - Freeze button behaviour

Button Action
Freezes the A-Scan. Once frozen, all gates remain active and can be moved
around. All measurements show live values according to new gate positions
and different measurements can be selected.

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NOTE: When the screen is frozen, the button appears like this
, indicating the frozen status.

6.4 Screen Capture

The table below describes the behaviour of the Screen Capture button. For more details
see Section 13.2.

Table 7 - Screen capture button behaviour

Button Action
Takes a complete screenshot of the entire screen, in PNG file format. An
XML file with all settings and measurements will also be created. In addition,
you can name your screenshot, add comments and use a rating system to
identify it.

All parameters related to the screenshot will be saved for use when a report
is created.

6.5 Gates
Wave supports four (4) gates. All can be used simultaneously and all offering all
measurements.

NOTE: The gate to gate measurements are possible between Gate 1

and Gate 2 (G1-G2), and between Gate 3 and Gate 4 (G3-G4).

6.5.1 Enabling a Gate

There are two distinct ways to enable and to set the gates. It is directly related to the
selected mode view in the instrument. They are detailed below.

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6.5.1.1 From Menu

To enable a gate, simply select the gate from the menu. Note that Gate X stands for
Gate 1, Gate 2, Gate 3, or Gate 4. Press GX Enabled to change its value to Yes.

Figure 19 – Gate colours

NOTE: Gates are easily differentiated by their unique colour. Gate 1

is red; Gate 2 is blue; Gate 3 is yellow; and Gate 4 is pink.

6.5.1.2 Directly Clicking on the Gate of Interest

While on the A-Scan view mode, you can set a gate by directly clicking on the gate of
interest. Once you click on the gate, it will appear a double arrow on each corner of the
gate and a cross in the centre. At the same time, it will enable the corresponding gate in
the Menu. You can set the starting point and the length of the gate by clicking on the
arrows, respectively. By clicking on the centre cross, you can set the height and the
position (X-axis) of the gate.

While in Scan Plan view mode, you can set a gate by directly clicking on the gate of
interest. Once you click on the gate, the Menu will change to the corresponding gate; you
can then set gate parameters (gate enabling, gate start, gate width, gate level and gate
polarity) according to their needs.

6.5.2 Moving Gates and Changing Gate Properties

Each gate has properties: Gate Start, Gate Width, Gate Level and Gate Polarity. To
change any gate related parameter, first select the desired gate from the Gate menu then
simply modify the parameter values.

You can press a gate and move it around by dragging it to a new position. When you do
so, the gate is “selected” and appears bold. Also, the proper gate menu is then
automatically selected, allowing to easily change gate parameters.

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Alternatively, you can also press on a gate. After doing so, the gate will appear with
handles.

Figure 20 - Gate handles

The left arrow, when dragged left or right, will change the starting point of the gate and
its length. The right arrow will allow changing the gate length without changing the gate
starting point. Finally, the cross-arrow handle is used to move the gate with useful
constraints. Move up or down without changing the gate position, or move right and left,
without changing its level.

NOTE: When a gate is selected, the upper right corner of the A-Scan
view always shows the gate level in FSH percentage

NOTE: When moving a gate with your fingers, i.e. when you drag it,
the value of the gate level (FSH) is displayed live. This value is rounded
to the nearest 5%. Use the Gate Level parameter if you want to set a
gate to any specific level.

6.5.3 Setting a Gate on a Scan Plan View

When you are set to the Scan Plan view, you can still set the gates that are available. To
set a gate, you must go to the Gate menu (1, 2, 3 or 4) to have access to the desired gate.
While in the Gate menu, you can set the following parameters, as seen at Table 8.

Table 8 – Gate options

Option Meaning
Gx Enabled Unable or disable a gate (Yes or No)
Gx Start It sets the starting point of a gate (in mm or µs).
Gx Width It sets the width of a gate (in mm or inches).
Gx Level It sets the level of the gate (in %FSH).
Gx Polarity It sets the polarity of a gate (positive or negative).
Gx Adaptive It sets an echo-to-echo (E-E) or flank-to-flank (F-F) adaptive triggering
Triggering mode. Present in G2 and G4 only.
Gx Blanking It prevents the current gate from triggering from previous gate. Present
in G2 and G4 only.

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6.6 Alarms

Alarm 1 Alarm 2 Alarm 3

Alarm 4

Figure 21 – Alarm position

There are four alarms, simply named Alarm 1 to Alarm 4. They all appear at the top of
the Wave display. If an alarm is not active, it will not be visible. If it is enabled but not
triggered, it will appear dimmed, like a turned-off LED. When enabled and triggered, the
alarm will appear bright, like a turned-on LED.

In the above table, we can see the status of each of the four (4) alarms.

Table 9 - Alarms

Alarm Enabled Status Display

Alarm 1 Yes Triggered (on) Bright
Alarm 2 Yes Not triggered (off) Dimmed
Alarm 3 Yes Not triggered (off) Dimmed
Alarm 4 No - Invisible

NOTE: Pressing the alarms at the top bar of the Wave is a direct short
cut to the Alarms menu.

6.6.1 Alarm On-Screen LED Colours

Alarms 1 to 4 will have the same colours as their corresponding gate. This is their default
colour.

Figure 22 - Alarm default colours

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The above figure shows the default alarm colours. It is possible to override the default
source of each alarm. That is, you can decide that Alarm 1 will be triggered by Gate 2.
This is accomplished in the Alarms menu. Moreover, the alarm LED will take the colour
of its source gate. So, as an example, if Alarm 1 is triggered by Gate 2, Alarm 1 will appear
blue (instead of its default red colour).

NOTE: When enabling a gate, its corresponding alarm is automatically

enabled as well. By default, the source for Alarm 1 is Gate 1, the
source for Alarm 2 is Gate 2, and so on.

6.6.2 Complex Alarms

Wave allows to generate alarms based on complex events. For example, Alarm 1 could
be triggered by conditions from Gate 1 or Gate 2.

When an alarm is triggered by a complex condition, it will appear differently, as shown

below.

Figure 23 - Complex alarms

In the example above, we had G1 or G2 as the source of Alarm 1, and G1 and G2 as the
source of Alarm 2.

6.7 Layout
The Layout allows you to switch between views or groups of views. This feature gives
different perspectives of the current inspection. The following figure shows all the
available views.

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A-Scan Scan Plan

A+Plan Part

T-Log A+T-log
Figure 24 – All views or groups of views available

NOTE: The T-Log and A+Tlog views are only available when you select
T-Log in the Sizing menu. Similarly, the Part view is only available in
the Part menu.

6.8 Toolbar
The toolbar appears at the top right corner. It is represented by the common drop-down
menu icon. It includes the following buttons: Full Screen, Save, Report and Exit.

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Toolbar
menu

Figure 25 – Toolbar menu

6.8.1 Full Screen Mode

This drop-down menu is where you can get access to the full-screen display where only
the Gain, Reset Zoom and measurements remain displayed, allowing the A-Scan to
extend to the full width of the screen.

Figure 26 - Full-screen mode

6.8.2 Save a Configuration

This is where you can save a configuration, that is the complete set up of all parameters.
It is important to understand that configurations are associated with applications. This
means a configuration saved when using App A will only be available when using App A.
It will not be visible when using another application.

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When saving a configuration, you will be presented with the following screen, allowing
you to enter a file name under which the file content will be saved.

Figure 27 – Save a configuration

6.8.3 Create a Report

This button allows you to create a report directly from an inspection. For more details on
how to create reports, see Section 13.

6.8.4 Quit an Application

This button brings you back to the actual App Description screen where the list of
configurations and existing reports are shown.

NOTE: When you exit an application, the configuration is always

automatically saved in the Autosave file. Since each application
possesses its own list on configuration files, a different autosave file
is created for each application.

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7 Measurements
The measurement bar is displayed at the top of the screen. There are four
measurements, each one showing any possible measurement, depending on the gates
used.

As an example, the above figure shows measurements that can be displayed when only
Gate 1 is enabled. The choice of measurements is then dynamic, making it easier to
choose from depending on the application running on the instrument and also
depending on the number of gates enabled.

Figure 28 - Measurement choices (only Gate 1 is enabled)

Gate to gate measurements are grouped in pairs. That is, GX-GY measurements are
offered between Gate 1 and Gate 2 or between Gate 3 and Gate 4. The example below
shows this.

Figure 29 - Measurements available with more than one gate enabled

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The following table shows the various measurement choices for different gates.

Table 10 - Measurement choices versus gates

Source Gate Measurement Basis Measurement

Gate 1 to Gate 4 Peak %FSH, Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset,
%Ref, dB Ref

Gate 1 to Gate 4 Flank Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface

Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset

Gate 1 to Gate 4 First Peak %FSH, Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset, %Ref,
dB Ref

Gate 1 to Gate 4 Threshold %FSH (that is the gate level)

Gate 1 to Gate 4 Start Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface

Distance

Gate 1 to Gate 4 Stop Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface

Distance

Gate 1 to Gate 4 Length The length of the gate

G1-G2 / G3-G4 Peak Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface

Distance

G1-G2 / G3-G4 Flank Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface

Distance, Surface Distance Minus X Offset

G1-G2 / G3-G4 First Peak Sound Path, Depth, True Depth, Surface
Distance, Surface Distance

NOTE: The Gate Start and Gate Stop positions in the table above can
be expressed in a number of different ways. The usual way of
representing theses positions is based on the sound path. It might
also be useful to express them relative to the depth, the true depth
or the surface distance. This allows you to better understand which
part of the piece being expected is covered by the gate.

View the following video for how to change the measurements.

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7.1 Measurement Definitions

Here are some additional information regarding the peak, first peak and flank:

Peak: The highest value inside the gate.

Flank: The first positive flank to cross the gate (the first value higher than the gate
threshold that crosses the gate).

First Peak: The highest value between the first two gate crossings (full positive flank and
full negative flank), with the first gate crossing being the flank.

The following figure shows the aforementioned definitions in graphical form. The peak
corresponds to B. The flank is represented by A. The first peak is B.

Figure 30 – Graphical representation of the plank, first peak and flank

There is also a difference between the depth and true depth. Depth is considered as the
depth without taking into account multiple half skips.

Figure 31 – Visual representation of depth measurement

True depth is considered as the depth in which multiple haft skips are taken into account.
True depth is less or equal to the thickness of the part.

Here are visualisations of true depth measurements for different parts that available on
Wave:

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Flat part T-joint part

Curved part

Figure 32 – Visual representation of true depth measurement

7.2 Measurements Reference Table

Following is a complete table of measurements and their associated symbols, where X is
the gate number.

Table 11 - Measurement reference

Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

GX Peak %FSH GX^ Amplitude of the highest peak in gate.

Shown even if peak below the gate,
but peak greater than 5%FSH

GX Peak Sound Path GX^⇘ Sound path distance measured at

peak

GX Peak Depth GX^⇓ Depth at peak position

GX Peak True Depth GX^⇓⊻ True depth at peak position (takes

skips into account)

GX Peak Surface GX^⇒ Distance from the exit point of the

Distance probe to position of peak relative to
the surface

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Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

GX Peak Surface GX^⇒-X Distance from front of the probe to

Distance position of peak relative to the surface
minus X-offset

GX Peak %Ref GX^%REF Amplitude referred to the curve (DAC,

TCG and DGS) or to the reference
amplitude (Ref. Amplitude)

GX Peak dB Ref GX^dBREF Amplitude referred to the reference

dB. This is the difference between the
Ref dB and the actual dB amplitude.

GX Peak AWS A GX^AWS an AWS Indication level (A)

GX Peak AWS C GX^AWS C AWS Attenuation factor (C)

GX Peak AWS D GX^AWS D AWS Indication rating (D)

GX First %FSH GX^1 Amplitude of the first peak in gate.

Peak Shown even if the peak is below the
gate and if the peak is greater than
5%FSH

GX First Sound Path GX^1⇘ Sound path distance measured at the

Peak first peak

GX First Depth GX^1⇓ Depth at the first peak position

Peak

GX First True Depth GX^1⇓⊻ True depth at the first peak position
Peak (takes skips into account)

GX First Surface GX^1⇒ Distance from the exit point of the

Peak Distance probe to the position of first peak
relative to the surface

GX First Surface GX^1⇒-X Distance from front of the probe to

Peak Distance the position of first peak relative to the
Minus X-offset surface

GX First %Ref GX^1%REF Amplitude referred to the curve (DAC,

Peak TCG and DGS) or to the reference
amplitude (Ref. Amplitude)

GX First dB Ref GX^1dBREF Amplitude referred to the reference

Peak dB. This is the difference between the
Ref dB and the actual dB amplitude.

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Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

GX Flank Sound Path GX/⇘ Sound path distance measured at

flank

GX Flank Depth GX/⇓ Depth at flank position

GX Flank True Depth GX/⇓⊻ True depth at flank position (takes

skips into account)

GX Flank Surface GX/⇒ Distance from the exit point of the

Distance probe to position of flank relative to
the surface

GX Flank Surface GX/⇒-X Distance from front of the probe to

Distance position of flank relative to the surface
minus X-offset

GX Threshold --- GX This is the gate level

threshold

GX Start Sound Path GX⇘start Gate start position relative to sound

path

GX Start Depth GX⇓start Gate start position relative to depth

GX Start True Depth GX⇓⊻start Gate start position relative to true

depth

GX Start Surface GX⇒start Gate start position relative to the

Distance surface distance

GX Stop Sound Path GX⇘stop Gate stop position relative to sound

path

GX Stop Depth GX⇓stop Gate stop position relative to depth

GX Stop True Depth GX⇓⊻stop Gate stop position relative to true

depth

GX Stop Surface GX⇒stop Gate stop position relative to the

Distance surface distance

GX Length --- GX⇘length Gate length (always relative to sound

path)

DAC Peak %DAC(C) DAC^%(C) Peak measurement, in %, relative to

DAC curve. Corrected if the gain
changed

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Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

DAC Peak %DAC(U) DAC^%(U) Peak measurement, in %, relative to

DAC curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care

DAC Peak dB DAC(C) DAC^dB(C) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to

DAC curve. Corrected if the gain
changed

DAC Peak dB DAC(U) DAC^dB(U) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to

DAC curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care

DGS Peak %DGS(C) DGS^%(C) Peak measurement, in %, relative to

DGS curve. Corrected if the gain
changed

DGS Peak %DGS(U) DGS^%(U) Peak measurement, in %, relative to

DGS curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care

DGS Peak dB DGS(C) DGS^dB(C) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to

DGS curve. Corrected if the gain
changed

DGS Peak dB DGS(U) DGS^dB(U) Peak measurement, in dB, relative to

DGS curve. Uncorrected if the gain
changed. Use with care

DGS Peak ERS GX^ ERS Peak Measurement, in ERS (Equivalent

Reflector Size), relative to DGS curve.
Corrected if gain changes.

G1-G2 Peak Sound Path G1-G2^⇘ Difference, in sound path distance,

between gate 1 peak and gate 2 peak
measurements

G1-G2 Peak Depth G1-G2^⇓ Difference, in depth, between gate 1

peak and gate 2 peak measurements

G1-G2 Peak True Depth G1-G2⇓⊻ Difference, in true depth, between

gate 1 peak and gate 2 peak
measurements

G1-G2 Peak Surface G1-G2^⇒ Difference, in surface distance,

Distance between gate 1 peak and gate 2 peak
measurements

G3-G4 Peak Sound Path G3-G4^⇘ Difference, in sound path distance,

between gate 3 peak and gate 3 peak
measurements

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Gate Ref Measurement Symbol Meaning

G3-G4 Peak Depth G3-G4^⇓ Difference, in depth, between gate 3

peak and gate 4 peak measurements

G3-G4 Peak True Depth G3-G4⇓⊻ Difference, in true depth, between

gate 3 peak and gate 4 peak
measurements

G3-G4 Peak Surface G3-G4^⇒ Difference, in surface distance,

Distance between gate 3 peak and gate 4 peak
measurements

7.3 Measurement Values

Measurements are displayed as numbers. Usually these represent the FSH % or a
distance. There are exceptions though. Sometimes, a proper measurement cannot be
displayed. See below regarding the occurrences and reasons for not being able to see a
number of one of the measurement areas.

Table 12 - Measurement values

Value displayed Meaning

N/A The value cannot be calculated because at least one of the required
conditions to compute it is missing.

--- Nothing is being measured (below 5% FSH)

*** A saturated reading, i.e. over 160% FSH

Number The normal condition: this is the value of the measurement

7.4 Measurement Coordinates References

Wave adds quite a few new capabilities for the inspection of complex parts. For example,
when inspecting T joints with fillet welds, the ray tracer will show the beam path travelling
everywhere in the part.

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Surface distance

Depth

Figure 33 – Measurements in complex shapes

Let’s say that the red dot in the above figure represents the position of a flaw, as it would
be indicated in the measurement of a gate. The red dot is positioned over the horizontal
line where the probe lies. As depth is usually represented as a positive number,
referencing the red dot’s position requires using a negative number.

Hence, we need to make sure we have a unique reference system for positioning, both in
terms of surface distance and in depth.

7.5 Measurements Units

To modify the measurement units, click on Display menu and click on Units. It will switch
from SI to Imperial and vice versa.

7.6 FSH% Measurement in Gates

The Full Screen Height (FSH) in a gate will provide a measurement from 0% up to 160%
FSH. Above that number, the signal is saturated, and you will need to lower the gain in
order to have a good reading.

Note that even if a signal peak amplitude is lower than a gate, the gate will display the
FSH% if this is the measurement selected. The exception being for a signal below 5% FSH.

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8 Ultrasonic Parameters – Advanced Notions

This section informs you about more advanced notions regarding Wave’s ultrasonic
parameters. It is assumed that the concepts in Section 6 have already been understood.

8.1 The A-Scan View

The A-Scan appearance and background can be adjusted in numerous ways. The
following table describes all the actions offered that can change the A-Scan.

Table 13 - A-Scan signal modification

Menu Parameter Possible values

Display Line Appearance Thin, Thick, Filled
Signal Envelope Off, Trail, Peak
Signal Reset Envelope No value – this is a direct action
Display Trail Duration 0 to 60 seconds
Display Trail Speed Slow, Medium, Fast
Display Rulers None, Horizontal, Vertical, Both
Display Ruler Mode Distance, Time
Display Overlay Mode None, Line, Band
Display Grid Type None, Plain, Dash, Dot, Cross
Display Grid Alignment Aligned, Fixed

NOTE: The A-Scan grid can be aligned with the main tick mark of the
horizontal ruler. On the other hand, the grid can be fixed, displaying
the traditional 10 vertical lines.

View the following video for more details about the envelope.

View the following video for more details about grid types and
overlays.

8.1.1 Reference A-Scan

The reference A-Scan is a fixed A-Scan view of a signal of your choice to be displayed in
the A-Scan View background to be used as a reference signal.

Click on Signal menu and then on Ref. A-Scan to activate it.

8.1.2 A-Scan Zoom

It is possible to zoom an A-Scan in a couple of different ways. The first one requires having
a gate displayed then zooming over the region covered by the gate. This is accomplished

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by double-tapping on the gate. Exit this “zoom in gate” mode by using the Reset Zoom
on-screen button (top left of display).

The alternate way of zooming in an A-Scan is simply by using the same zoom gesture you
use on your smartphone, that is by using 2 fingers and spreading them apart. It is then
possible to zoom out by simply pinching your fingers or use the Reset Zoom button.

When zoomed, you can pan through the entire range of the A-Scan by using the usual
pan action, that is dragging the screen with one finger.

View the following video for more details about zooming the A-Scan.

8.1.3 Auto 80% FSH

Setting a peak to 80% FSH automatically is easily achieved in the following way. Position
a gate so it covers the peak you want to adjust to 80%. Then do a long press of the Gain
button. This will automatically set the gain level such that the peak covered by the
selected gate will be adjusted to 80% FSH.

The reference level 80% can be set to any FSH percentage by using the Ref. Amplitude
parameter found in the Cal menu.

View the following video for more details auto 80% FSH.

8.2 TX/RX Menu

The TX/RX menu is used to set the ultrasound pulser to the required needs. This is where
you can set the RX Mode, the Voltage, the Pulse type as well as the Pulse Width and
the PRF.

Table 14 - TX/RX menu parameters

Parameter Possible values

RX Mode Pulse-Echo, Pitch-Catch, Through Transmission
Voltage 100 V, 150 V, 200 V, 250 V, 300 V, 350 V, 400 V, 450 V and 500 V
Pulse Type Spike, Square
Pulse Width 50 ns to 1 µs (steps of 4 ns)
PRF Up to 1500 Hz

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NOTE: The pulse width is automatically set when setting the probe
frequency. Although this parameter is calculated automatically, it
corresponds to 0.5/frequency in square mode. In spike mode, it is
equal to 50 ns.

8.3 Signal Menu

The A-Scan view can be modified in different ways. The signal itself can be changed by
applying different filters or by choosing a rejection mode and rejection level.

Table 15 - A-Scan signal appearance

Menu Parameter Possible values

Signal Rectification Full, +Half, -Half, RF
Signal Avg Factor 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
Signal Filter 0.5 MHz Wide 0.5 MHz Narrow 1 MHz Wide 1 MHz Narrow
1.25 MHz Wide 1.25 MHz Narrow 2 MHz Wide 2 MHz Narrow
2.25 MHz Wide 2.25 MHz Narrow 3.5 MHz Wide 3.5 MHz Narrow
4 MHz Wide 4 MHz Narrow 4.5 MHz Wide 4.5 MHz Narrow
5 MHz Wide 5 MHz Narrow 7.5 MHz Wide 7.5 MHz Narrow
10 MHz Wide 10 MHz Narrow 15 MHz Wide 15 MHz Narrow
20 MHz Wide 20 MHz Narrow Broadband Broadband Low
High
Signal Reject Type None, Suppressive, Linear
Signal Reject Level 0% to 100%

NOTE: Some parameters can only take two (2) different values. When
changing the value of such binary type parameters, hitting the on-
screen button will immediately toggle the parameter value. The Ruler
Mode parameter is one of these parameters as it can only take one
of two values: Distance or Time.

View the following video for more details about the A-Scan
rectification.

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8.3.1 Filter Reference Table

Following is the list of these filters available on the Wave. For each frequency, you have
its centre frequency as well as their low and high pass frequencies.

Table 16 – Filter Reference Table

Filter Name Centre Frequency High Pass Freq. Low Pass Freq.
(MHz) (MHz) (MHz)
0.5 MHz Narrow 0.5 0.38 0.63
0.5 MHz Wide 0.5 0.25 0.75
1 MHz Narrow 1 0.75 1.25
1 MHz Wide 1 0.5 1.5
1.25 MHz Narrow 1.25 0.94 1.56
1.25 MHz Wide 1.25 0.63 1.88
2 MHz Narrow 2 1.5 2.5
2 MHz Wide 2 1 3
2.25 MHz Narrow 2.25 1.69 2.81
2.25 MHz Wide 2.25 1.13 3.38
3.5 MHz Narrow 3.5 2.63 4.38
3.5 MHz Wide 3.5 1.75 5.25
4 MHz Narrow 4 3 5
4 MHz Wide 4 2 6
4.5 MHz Narrow 4.5 3.38 5.63
4.5 MHz Wide 4.5 2.25 6.75
5 MHz Narrow 5 3.75 6.25
5 MHz Wide 5 2.5 7.5
7.5 MHz Narrow 7.5 5.63 9.38
7.5 MHz Wide 7.5 3.75 11.3
10 MHz Narrow 10 7.5 12.5
10 MHz Wide 10 5 15
15 MHz Narrow 15 11.3 18.8
20 MHz Narrow 20 15 25
20 MHz Wide 20 10 30
Broadband Low 2.25 to 5 1 6
Broadband High 7.5 to 10 2 15

NOTE: A new filter is automatically selected when a new probe is

loaded or if the probe frequency is changed. The filter automatically
selected matches the new probe’s frequency, using a wide type filter.
This filter selection can then be manually overridden if desired.

View the following video for how to choose a filter.

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8.4 Gate Advanced Settings

This section presents slightly more advanced features for the gates.

8.4.1 Gate Polarity

The Gate Polarity parameter may take the following values: absolute, positive or
negative. Here is a brief description of each:

● Absolute: Considers all signal for evaluation (available only with non-rectified
signal)
● Positive: Considers only the positive signal for evaluation (available with non-
rectified or rectified or positive only signal)
● Negative: Considers only the negative signal for evaluation (available only with
non-rectified or negative only signal)

View the following video for how to use the gates.

8.4.2 Setting up an Adaptive Gate in Gate Mode

Gate 2 and Gate 4 have an adaptive triggering feature. This feature adapts the gate with
respect to the start function (Gx Start) of G1^ peak position. In the example below, G1
Start is set at 12 mm. The G1^ sound path is 25.4 mm. The blanking value is the minimum
offset between G1^ and G2 Start. In this case, the G2 Blanking is set to 15 mm. Hence,
the G2 Start will automatically be set to (12 mm + 25.4 mm +15 mm = 40.4 mm).

Figure 34 – Adaptative gate

For a gate adaptive triggering set to F-F, it has the same described behaviour. However,
but the flank is the new source of position.

In echo to echo mode, this prevents Gate 2 to trigger the same peak as Gate 1.
Consequently, a G2-G1 measurements would have been set to 0 mm.

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9 The Probe Selection

The Probe menu allows you to choose a probe in a probe list and to generate a probe,
called Generic, based on some ultrasonic parameters.

Probe model
available by
clicking here

Figure 35 – Access to Probe Selection

IMPORTANT: It is not possible to save a Generic probe file. On the

other hand, you can save these parameters by saving the
configuration as it is.

By pressing the Probe Model menu parameter, the Probe Selection screen appears.

Figure 36 – Probe Selection

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The left columns include fields (Manufacturer, Frequency, Type, Angle, DGS Only,
Show Recent) to help you search for a probe. The table on the right shows the list of
available probes according to the fields chosen. In the probe list, it is possible to sort them
by clicking Model, Manufacturer, Frequency, Angle or Size.

Once a probe is loaded, it is possible to modify the Probe Model, the Angle, the Wedge
Velocity, the Probe Zero, the Frequency, the Probe Width and the Probe Type. Probe
Height will always remain greyed and X-Offset is only available for angular probes.

NOTE: DGS probes are identified with a small DGS logo next to the
manufacturer's name. DGS probes are the only probes that can be
used to make a DGS sizing method. Once a DGS probe is loaded all
the menu parameters are greyed out except Probe Model and Probe
Zero.

View the following video for instructions on how to choose a probe in

the Probe Selection.

View the following video how to choose a DGS probe.

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10 The Part Wizard

The part wizard allows you to define the dimensions of the chosen part as well as the
chosen weld. It should be noted that this wizard includes dynamic tiles. Thus, according
to the choices made concerning the part or the weld types, specific tiles will appear, and
others will disappear. This is one of the special characteristics of this menu.

10.1 Part Types

There are four (4) part types:

Flat T-joint

Corner joint Curved part

Figure 37 – Part types available on Wave

NOTE: The part type choice influences the weld types. Thus, not all
weld types will be available depending on the chosen part.

10.1.1 Part Type Dimensions

Table 17 shows the available dimensions according to the chosen part. It should be
noted that all dimensions are available in the SI system as well as the imperial

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system (see Section 7.5). A checkbox indicates that this part dimension is visible for
a given part.

Table 17 - Part types and their dimensions available

Flat part Curved part T-joint Corner joint

Thickness X X
Horizontal thickness X X
Vertical thickness X X
Joint height X X
Part angle X
Curved base X
Outside diameter X
Inside diameter X

NOTE: For the Curved type, the Inside Diameter is automatically

calculated. It is therefore impossible for you to modify it. It is a read-
only parameter. That is why it is always greyed out.

10.2 Weld Types

There are twelve (12) weld types, including None:

Square Groove Single V

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Double V Single U

Double U Single J

Double J Bevel Groove

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Double Bevel Single Fillet Weld

Double Fillet Welds

Figure 38 – Welds available with Wave

The availability of these welds depends on the type of part chosen beforehand. Table 18
illustrates these possibilities. A checkbox indicates that the weld is visible for a given part.

Table 18 - Part types vs welds

Flat part Curved part T-joint Corner joint

None X X X X
Square Groove X X X X
Single V X X
Double V X X
Single U X
Double U X
Single J X
Double J X
Bevel Groove X X X
Double Bevel X X
Single Fillet Weld X X
Double Fillet Welds X

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10.2.1 Weld Dimensions

You have the possibility to modify as desired all the dimensions of a weld. Again, the tiles
are dynamic. Thus, depending on the type of weld chosen, the visibility of the available
dimensions will be modified. It should be noted that all dimensions are available in the SI
system as well as in the imperial system (see Section 7.5)

Table 19 shows the dimensions according to the type of weld chosen. An X indicates that
the parameter is visible for a given weld.

Table 19 - Weld types and their dimensions

R 𝜶 𝜷 f S1 S2 r1 r2 Top Bottom L1 L2 Lw1 Lw2

Cap Cap
None
Square X X X
Groove
Single V X X X X X
Double V X X X X X X X X
Single U X X X X
Double U X X X X X X X X X
Single J X X X X X X
Double J X X X X X X X X X X
Bevel X X X X X
Groove
Double Bevel X X X X X X X X
Single Fillet X X
Weld
Double Fillet X X X X
Welds

NOTE: For Single U and Double U welds, the root opening (R) is equal
to zero. Since the parameter cannot be modified, it is not visible.

Here are the meanings of each weld symbol parameters:

● R: Root opening
● α: Bevel angle α
● β: Bevel angle β
● f: Root face
● S1: Weld depth of the bevel #1
● S2: Weld depth of the bevel #2
● r1: Groove radius #1
● r2: Groove radius #2
● L1: Length of the left-side fillet weld
● L2: Length of the right-side fillet weld

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● Lw1: Effective throat of the left-side fillet weld

● Lw2: Effective throat of the right-side fillet weld

10.3 Wizard
The goal of the wizard is to quickly and simply guide you to define the part to be inspected
and the weld, if any. Here is a summary of the steps to follow:

1. Choose the desired part

2. Define the part according to the part parameters
3. Choose the weld type. If you want a fillet weld, choose the fillet weld localisation.
4. Define the weld (if any) according to the weld parameters

View the following video for how to define a Flat part with a Single V
weld.

View the following video for how to define a T-joint with Fillet Welds.

10.3.1 Part View

The Part View is a view only accessible in the Part menu. It allows to focus on the part
and its dimensions. Thus, it is not possible to see a probe or an A-Scan. These interactions
are reserved for the Scan Plan view or the A-Scan view.

Part view

Figure 39 – Part view

The Part View always includes vertical and horizontal rulers. The units of the rules are in
SI or imperial system depending on user preferences (see Section 7.5).

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11 The Scan Plan View

The Scan Plan View allows you to see the part with the probe and the distances. Of
course, it is possible to add visual elements such as welds, real A-scan ray tracer and grids.
The Scan Plan View is the visual tool that allows a better understanding of defects in an
inspected part.

11.1 Scan Plan Menu

The following options are available in the Scan Plan menu.

Table 20 – Scan Plan parameters and their meanings

Button Choices Action

Beam Exit Read-only For T-joint or Corner joint: The linear distance from
Point the vertical wall thickness to the point where the beam
exits the wedge.
For Flat and Curved parts: The linear distance from
point 0 to the point where the beam exits the wedge.
By default, this distance is set as -20.00 mm for all
geometries.
Ruler Both, None Rulers are located on the left and on the bottom axis
and can show metric/imperial values depending on the
unit system.
Grid Type None, By default, the dimensions are 10x10mm (1”x1”),but
Plain, Cross can change as you zoom in or out. Grid lines may help
you on sizing and distance evaluation.
Weld Visible Yes, No This feature allows you to see the weld overlay. It helps
you to be more confident with defects location and
evaluation.
Signal Visible Yes, No This feature allows you to have the A-scan displayed
over the ray tracer, in real time. It helps you to be more
confident with defects location and evaluation.
Distance Yes, No It allows you to show or hide the distance.
Visible

NOTE: Distances located on the left side of the vertical reference

point (Y axis origin) are set by default as negative values. Distances
located on the right side of the vertical reference point (Y axis origin)
are set by default as positive values.

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11.2 Moving a Probe

To virtually move the probe over the test piece image, you just need to click the probe
and move it to the desired position. All geometric parameters are then automatically
adjusted.

View the following video for how to move a probe into the Scan Plan View.

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12 Auto Cal and Sizing Methods

Conventional ultrasonic techniques have a wide variety of methods for flaw sizing Wave
offers all of the most popular methods: DAC, TCG, AWS, DGS, AWS, API, T-log and Auto
Cal.

12.1 Auto Cal

Auto Cal provides automatic calibration of sound velocity and transducer zero. In order
to achieve a proper calibration, two factors must be known: the velocity of sound in the
material under inspection, and the offset of the transducer caused by wear face and
phase shifts.

The Auto Cal automates this process so that only two readings are required, one on the
thin sample and one on the thick sample. The Wave then sets the Velocity and Probe
Zero. This Auto Cal operation must be repeated any time the test material is changed
(velocity) or the transducer is changed (zero).

View the following video for how to use Auto Cal.

12.2 DAC
One of the many ways to perform echo evaluation is by means of the distance-amplitude
correction (DAC). DAC curves use a series of reference echoes from a reference block
having artificial flaws. Due to sound attenuation on materials and beam spread while
using angle probes, echo heights of same-sized reflectors are different at distinct depths
(sound path).

12.2.1 Create a DAC Curve

With the help of a calibration block, you can set a DAC curve by clicking on the Sizing
menu. Then, click on DAC. Before creating a new DAC curve, you can set the Reference
Amplitude (% of FSH), configure the range size (in mm/in) and enable or disable the Split
DAC function.

Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the first
reflector. Depending on your range size and the sound path associated with your
reflector, the refracted echo can be located outside of the reference window. You can
move the reference window (forward/backward) through the A-Scan until it encompasses
the echo; simply click on the touch panel. You can also enlarge or reduce the window
width by directly clicking on the window and then adjusting it according to your needs.

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Figure 40 – Creating a DAC curve

At this point, you do not need to be aware of echo amplitude (gain level). You just need
to make sure that the first echo corresponds to your reference reflector to maximise its
amplitude. When the first echo is recorded, Wave automatically sets the Gain at 80% FSH
by default. You can change the reference amplitude to other values with the Ref.
Amplitude button and according to your requirements. The gain is locked and set as the
reference gain. To record an echo, you should click on Add Point. Once the reference
gain is set and the first echo is recorded, you can randomly record the other points to
create a DAC curve. You can also delete or replace another point as much as necessary if
they consider that the point was not properly taken. To delete or replace a point on a DAC
curve, move the reference window over the point and then click on the Delete Selected
Point option.

If an echo amplitude falls below 20% FSH, click Split DAC Enabled. Once this option is
switched on, continue recording points. Wave will automatically set the gain so that echo
amplitude will reach the level of amplitude set by you.

Figure 41 – Split DAC function enabled

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You can add up to 16 points to a DAC curve and also have four Split DACs, depending on
their needs.

View the following video for how to create a DAC curve.

12.2.2 DAC Sizing Options

Once a DAC curve is created, these are the following sizing options available for the DAC
sizing method.

Table 21 – DAC sizing options

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The transfer loss is the gain to compensate for the difference of
attenuation between a reference standard and the part to be
inspected.
DAC Trigger It sets the trigger of the alarm when DAC curve is on (DAC, G1, 6 dB, 0
dB, -2 dB, -6 dB, -10 dB, -12 dB and -14 dB). Options are directly
dependent on DAC sub curves.
Gain Mode Absolute or relative
Split DAC Enabled Turns on/off Split DAC option
DAC Subcurves -2/-6/-10, -6/-14, JIS and Custom

12.2.3 Absolute and Relative DAC Gain Mode

Under sizing options, the DAC curve height can be displayed in two different ways. To
dynamically adjust its height, set the Gain Mode to Relative.

Figure 42 – Gain mode set to Relative and 6 dB of scanning gain has been added

In the figure above, 6 dB of scanning gain has been added. All the DAC curves have also
been increased by 6 dB. Please noted that all relative amplitude measurements have not
changed ( +0 dB ).

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The figure below is based on the same previous example; however, the Gain Mode is set
to Absolute instead. The A-scan is indeed +6 dB higher, while the DAC curves have not
moved. Please note that corrected (C) measurements provide a compensated amplitude
reading. It is the advised assessment method to use for DAC amplitude measurements.
Uncorrected (U) measurements are not compensated with respect to the DAC calibration.

Figure 43 – Gain Mode is set to Absolute and 6 dB of scanning gain has been added

12.2.4 Amplitude Corrected and Uncorrected Measurements

You may choose corrected and uncorrected measurements for the amplitude DAC. They
appear as (C) and (U) in the top measurement bar, within a drop-down list.

Figure 44 – Corrected and uncorrected DAC measurements in a drop-down list

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Figure 45 Corrected and uncorrected measurements when +1 dB is applied

Corrected measurements, such as the screenshot above, is the recommended way to use
DAC measurements. Regardless of the Gain Mode, the scanning gain is 1 dB stronger
than the current reference gain (42.7 dB+ 1.0 dB = 43.7 dB). The calibration has not been
changed, so the corrected readings are also 100.0% FSH and 0.0 dB. The uncorrected
readings are 112.0% FSH and 1.0 dB. This would mean a larger reflector. It also breaks
the current calibration because a higher A-scan echo from the same reflector should give
the same DAC gain difference.

12.3 TCG
Another alternative to perform echo evaluation is by the time correction gain (TCG). TCG
uses a series of reference echoes from a calibration block with artificial flaws. This sizing
method is a way to compensate material attenuation and beam characteristics so that
reflectors of equal size at distinct depths into a piece will provide the same amplitude
response on A-Scan.

12.3.1 Create a TCG Curve

With the help of a calibration block, you can set a DAC curve by clicking on the Sizing
menu. Then, click on TCG. Before creating a new TCG curve, you can set the Reference
Amplitude (% of FSH), configure the range size (in mm/in) and, enable/disable the function
to lock points.

Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the first
reflector. Depending on your range size and the sound path associated to your reflector,
the refracted echo can be located outside of the reference window. You can move the
reference window (forward/backward) through the A-Scan until it encompasses the echo
by just clicking on the touch panel. You can also enlarge or reduce the window width by
directly clicking on the window and then adjusting it according to your needs.

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At this point, you do not need to be aware of echo amplitude (Gain level). You just need
to make sure that the first echo corresponds to your reference reflector to maximise its
amplitude. When the first echo is recorded, Wave automatically sets the Gain at 80% FSH
by default. You can change the refence amplitude to other values on Ref. Amplitude
button based on your requirements. The gain is locked; it is set as the reference gain. To
record an echo, you should click on Add Point. Once the reference gain is set and the
first echo is recorded, you can randomly record the other points to create a TCG curve.
You can also delete or replace another point as many times as necessary if they consider
the point was not properly taken. To delete or replace a point on your TCG curve, you
need to move your reference window over the point and then click on the Delete
Selected Point option.

Figure 46 – Creating a TGC curve

Here is some additional information on the buttons found in the wizard.

Table 22 – Buttons in the TCG wizard

Option Meaning
Lock Points It allows you to lock or unlock (yes or no) the points on TCG
curve.
Range It allows you to set the range according to their needs.
Delete Selected It allows you to delete selected points on the TCG curve.
Point

View the following video for how to create a TCG curve.

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12.3.2 TCG Sizing Options

After creating a TCG curve, you can easily switch from TCG to DAC and back, via the
DAC to TCG button. Once the TCG curve is created, you can still set the Transfer Loss
making the curve visible, as shown on the following figure.

Figure 47 – TCG sizing options available

12.4 DGS
Distance-gain-size diagram is a theoretical model for discontinuity sizing evaluation. This
model allows technicians to correlate discontinuity size between natural flaws and
theoretical reflectors in terms of distance compensation, and without requiring a large
range of reference standards in order to establish an evaluation curve.

DGS flaw sizing shows the sound response from “equivalent reflectors” of different sizes
at distinct depths, by performing mathematical predictions in terms of probe effective
diameter, frequency and near-field length.

When performing DGS evaluation, keep in mind that this defect sizing method shows
some limitations and it may lead to no definitive conclusions in some cases. As far as
discussed above, it is a predictive method and it tends to work better on standard
configurations, circular probe elements and narrow band.

12.4.1 Performing a DGS Calibration

Prior to generating the DGS evaluation curve, you must be in possession of a standard
test block with a reference reflector in order to define a reference point. A standard test
block must have one of the following reflectors:

● Side-drilled hole – SDH

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● Flat bottom hole – FBH

● Backwall – BW

NOTE: To perform DGS evaluation, click the Probe menu and choose
a proper DGS probe from the probe list. Otherwise, the DGS sizing
option will remain greyed out on Wave.

Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the first
reflector. Depending on your range size and the sound path associated to your reflector,
the refracted echo can be located outside of the reference window. You can move the
reference window (forward/backward) through the A-Scan until it encompasses the echo
by just clicking on the touch panel. You can also enlarge or reduce the window width by
directly clicking on the window and then adjusting it according to your needs.

Press Calibrate once the echo is correctly located in the calibration window. Wave will
automatically set the gain as the Reference Gain. Wave will then apply it to finalise the
calibration procedure.

Figure 48 – Performing a DGS calibration

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Once a DGS probe is selected, you may set some additional parameters.

Table 23 – Additional parameters for DGS sizing options

Option Meaning
Ref. Attenuation Attenuation finds the attenuation losses at the calibration step.
Material Att. Material attenuation of the test piece. Once the DGS calibration is
done, it applies the attenuation effect on all DGS curves.

Ref. Type Reference echo can be a side-drilled hole, flat bottom hole or the
infinite reflector size, also known as the backwall echo.
Ref. Type Reference echo can be a side-drilled hole, flat bottom hole or the
infinite reflector size, also known as the backwall echo.
Ref. Size Reference size during the calibration, its type is defined in the Ref.
Type tile
Ref. Block Velocity The velocity of the reference block

View the following video for how to create a DGS curve.

12.4.2 DGS Sizing Options

Once a DGS curve is created, there are the following options available on DGS sizing
options menu.

Table 24 – Information regarding the DGS sizing options

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The Transfer Loss is the gain to compensate for the difference of
attenuation between a reference standard and the part to be
inspected.
DGS Trigger It sets the trigger of the alarm when DGS curve is on (DGS or G1).
Gain Mode Absolute or relative
ERS Equivalent Reflector Size
DGS Subcurves Ref, ERS or dB

12.5 AWS
You can evaluate discontinuities according to AWS D1.1 (American Welding Society). This
evaluation is based on signal amplitude comparison. The echo amplitude from a
discontinuity is compared to the echo amplitude of a known reflector. It is defined as an
indication rating according to the code. Sound attenuation in test part is also taken into
account for evaluation.

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12.5.1 Performing an AWS Calibration

Couple your probe with your standard block and try to maximise the echo from the
reference reflector. Depending on your range size and the sound path associated to your
reflector, the refracted echo can be located outside of the reference window. You can
move the reference window (forward/backward) through the A-Scan until it encompasses
the echo, by just clicking on the touch panel. You can also enlarge or reduce the window
width by directly clicking on the window and then adjusting it according to your needs.

At this point, you do not need to be aware of echo amplitude (Gain level). You just need
to make sure that the echo corresponds to your reference reflector and maximise its
amplitude. When the echo is recorded, Wave automatically sets the Gain at 80% FSH by
default. You can change the refence amplitude to other values on Ref. Amplitude button
based on your requirements. Since the reference level is taken (dB level), it is no longer
possible to make adjustments on the reference gain; however you can still set the range.
For calibration, echoes must reach the gate at a proper amplitude level.

Figure 49 – AWS calibration has been performed on this echo

View the following video for how to perform an AWS calibration.

12.5.2 AWS Sizing Options

Once AWS is set and calibrated, the following sizing options are available in the AWS
menu.

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Table 25 – AWS sizing options

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The Transfer Loss is the gain (dB) to compensate for the difference of
attenuation between a reference standard and the part to be inspected.
AWS C Rounded It allows you to choose the rounding method for the C parameter (0.1 dB
or 1 dB precision).

The AWS C rounded parameter is a material attenuation factor. It is expressed in terms

of dB. It relates the sound attenuation. It can assume positive or negative values
depending on sound path length (in inches). These values can be rounded to the unit or
decimal according to customer needs.

12.6 API
You are able to perform discontinuity evaluation according to American Petroleum
Institute (API) Recommended Practice for Ultrasonic Evaluation of Pipe Imperfections by using
the Amplitude Distance Differential Method (ADDM), also known as API Recommended
Practice 5UE.

This evaluation method is a combination of amplitude comparison and a 6 dB drop in

echo amplitude to determine the radial depth of a discontinuity. It assumes that radial
depth of a discontinuity affects either the amplitude of the received echo signal and the
differential time of flight of the incident ultrasonic wave as it passes through the
discontinuity.

12.6.1 Perform an API Calibration

To perform calibration, you must have a calibration block with a reference reflector such
as a notch or a side-drilled hole. Couple your probe with your standard block and try to
maximise the echo from the reference reflector. Depending on your range size and the
sound path associated to your reflector, the refracted echo can be located outside of the
reference window. You can move the reference window (forward/backward) through the
A-Scan until it encompasses the echo by just clicking on the touch panel. You can also
enlarge or reduce the window width by directly clicking on the window and then adjusting
it according to your needs. At that point, amplitude echo must show a value between
5%FSH and 100%FSH, and a proper gain setting may take place if necessary. You must
also set the dr (the reference reflector diameter) to perform calibration. When the gate is
correctly placed, and the echo amplitude reaches the appropriate value, press Calibrate.
Wave will automatically calculate the API k factor (a derived factor for calculating depth).
Set the trigger (Gate or API) and then go to the measurements bar to set which values will
be displayed in the top of the screen.

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Figure 50 – API K factor calculated after the calibration

View the following video for how to perform an API calibration.

12.6.2 API Sizing Option

To calibrate the API, only one sizing option is available.

Table 26 – API sizing option

Option Meaning
Transfer Loss The transfer loss is the gain to compensate for the difference of
attenuation between a reference standard and the part to be inspected

12.7 T-log
The method to log thickness data, the T-log (also known as Thickness logging), enables
you to log several thickness measurements in a table. These values are colour-coded
based on different thresholds (Min Threshold, Max Threshold, Tolerance).

The T-log is built using a wizard. The first step enables you to define the grid. The second
step allows you to record thickness measurements.

View the following video for how to use T-log.

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12.7.1 Parameter descriptions

The following table describes the grid’s parameters.

Table 27 – Grid parameters

Button Choices Action

Grid Width 1 to 200 cells Determines the width of the grid
Grid Height 1 to 200 cells Determines the height of the grid
Min Depends on the selected measurement Determines the cell’s colour
Threshold
Max Depends on the selected measurement Determines the cell’s colour
Threshold
Tolerance Depends on the selected measurement Determines the cell’s colour

The following table describes the parameters with respect to data acquisition.

Table 28 – Data acquisition parameters

Button Choices Action

Store No option available Save the first measurement in the measurement bar
from the left-hand side
Increment Right Down, Left Down, How to move into the grid
Order Right Up, Left Up, Down
Right, Down Left
T-min On or Off This keeps a record of the first minimum value (using
the left-hand side of the measurement bar, this
mode will only be used on the first measurement).
Reset T-min No option available Enables you to reset the T-min value
Clear No option available Deletes all values in the grid. Important: You need to
perform a long press to activate the button.
Save to CSV No option available To save the grid in .csv format as well as other
measurements in the measurement bar.

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As indicated in Table 22, the measurement that will be logged in the grid is the first one
in the measurement bar from the left-hand side.

Measurement that
will be saved in the
grid

Figure 51 – The first measurement that is saved in the grid

12.7.2 Colour Palette

A cell can have up to six colour palettes. The following table features the colours based
on the Wave’s contrasts. The extreme values of each colour are identified.

Table 29 – Colour palette for the T-log

Normal contrast High contrast Bornes

[𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒]

[𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑, 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒]

[𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑, 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑]

[𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑, 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒]

[𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 + 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒]

No logged valued

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12.7.3 T-min function

The T-min function is available to you when conducting thickness measurements. To
activate/deactivate this function, you need to click on the T-Min button, as shown in the

figure below. The symbol is added to the measurement field at the top of the screen in
order to highlight that the T-Min function is enabled.

Figure 52 – T-Min function is enabled

This function allows you to set the minimum thickness value as a reference while taking
measurements, depending on the values previously established for the minimum
threshold, maximum threshold, and tolerance (mm / in /%).

Once the T-Min function is enabled, a new button is also enabled, the Reset T-Min. This
button allows you to reset a new reference value for the minimum thickness, starting
from the active cell. Once activated, all measures taken after enabling this function will
be taken as a reference for the minimum thickness, which represents the new value
established.

This function can be very interesting for you when they perform measurements with
significant variations in thickness. It allows you to perform all the necessary
measurements without the need to save them in separate files.

12.7.4 CSV Files

You can export all stored values to a .csv file. All they need to do is click on Save to CSV
button. Wave will then automatically generate four .csv files. Each file will include one of
the measurements recorded in the data table. The names of the files will be automatically
generated with the time stamp, the name of the application used to record the

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measurements, and an indicative at the end that related to each type of measurement
(M1, M2, M3 and M4).

To access the files, you must connect to the device through the Wave Companion
software. Once connected, they will be able to select the desired files and transfer them
to their computers. View the figure below for more details.

Figure 53 – Companion interface that shows stored CSV files in the instrument

The headers and the measurement relative to each file will be present at the top of the
file's data table. Values will be shown in the table as a function of measurements taken
by you and the table size (columns x lines). View the details in the figures below.

Figure 54 – Automated generated CSV files

Figure 55 – Example of a CSV file

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13 Report
The Wave reporting tool has been designed to generate a report based on a source. This
source is in fact a screenshot that includes all the information from the configuration.
Therefore, once the source is selected, the report data is automatically filled in. However,
you are free to modify some of the information. This allows you to add complementary
information to the report. In addition, you can preview the report at any time before
saving it. Once saved, the report is available in PDF format. Finally, it is possible to send
the PDF formatted report by email or to retrieve it through the Wave Companion.

13.1 Workflow
Creating a report is typically done through a few simple steps. These are:

1. Save relevant screenshots during inspection (flaws or any other noteworthy

information)
2. Initiate the creation of a report
a. Select the main screenshot, called the Source; it is used to namely populate
the report with the UT parameters.
b. Add additional information to complete the report (customer name, code
or procedure, inspector qualification, etc.)
c. Add additional complementary screenshots
3. Preview the report
4. Save the report
5. Send the report via email

Below is a diagram that shows the steps described above.

Figure 56 - Reporting workflow

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As will be explained in the following sections, the reporting module is not limited to the
specific workflow described above. For example, once a report is created and saved, it is
very possible to suspend the process at this point and only send the report at a later time,
for example once someone would be near a Wi-Fi access point.

13.2 Screenshot
Taking screenshots during the inspection process allows to capture images of A-Scans,
Scan Plans, or both, as well as the 4 measurements displayed on the screen. This is done
using the Screen Capture button.

Figure 57 - Using the screenshot button (highlighted in red)

Once the Screen Capture button is hit, you are presented with the following screen:

Figure 58 - Entering more information associated with a screenshot

As shown in Figure 58, it is then possible to add basic information to the screenshot just
taken.

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13.2.1 Name and Comment

• Name: Used to enter any name that will help identify the screenshot. For example,
useful and significant names could simply be: “Weld Nb 32”
• Comment: Used to add additional information that relates to the screenshot. For
example, one may enter short but meaningful comment, such as “Lack of fusion.”

Note that these fields can be left blank. In the case a custom name is not entered, a
default name will be used to uniquely identify the screenshot. The format of that default
name:

“Application Short Name” + YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS

where:

• YYYYY: Year
• MM: Month
• DD: Day
• HH: hour
• MM: minute
• SS: seconds

13.2.2 Rating and Colour

Additionally, Wave allows to classify screenshots using 2 useful properties: the rating and
the colour. The rating is 1, 2 or 3 stars. A good way to use ratings would be, for example,
to set all screenshots that need to be part of a report with 3 stars, as they indicate a flaw.

The colour is a second characteristic that could be used to categorise screenshots.

Whether it is to help classify the type of defect, differentiate screenshots taken in the
morning from those taken in the afternoon, or categorise as per the position (e.g., top,
bottom, left side and right side), you can choose the category you need.

Of course, neither a rating nor colour need to be used. They can be left at their default
values.

When saving the screenshot, the image of the screen saved, and all the UT inspection
parameters are also recorded. This additional information is what we call the metadata.
What is saved is a perfect snapshot of the screen content and all the inspection
parameters at the exact time the screenshot was taken.

13.2.3 Cancel and Save

By clicking the Cancel button, the screenshot is discarded, and you are brought back to
the inspection screen.

Clicking on the Save button saves the screenshot, name, comment section, time stamp,
rating and choice of colours. Note that all these parameters can be modified later, except
for the time stamp, which remains unchanged.

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13.3 Create a Report

There are two ways to create a report, either from the App description screen or directly
from the current Inspection screen. Although they both produce a similar result, each
has its own specific details.

NOTE: The screenshot does not have to be an A-Scan. The Layout

menu allows you to switch between A-Scan, Scan Plan and A+ Plan
(i.e. A-Scan and Scan Plan side by side) views. The Screen Capture
button can be pressed at any time from these views.

13.3.1 From the Inspection Screen

From the Toolbar menu, press the Report button.

Figure 59 - Report creation from within the application

From there, the screenshots related to the current inspection will be displayed first, which
is an advantage of this workflow.

Figure 60 - Report creation first step

The screenshots are by default ordered with the most recent ones first.

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13.3.2 From the App Description Screen

In the App Description screen, click on the Reports tab. Then, click on the Create button.

Figure 61 - Launching report creation from the App Description screen

13.4 Report Creating Screen

Creating a report is quite quick and easy. There are a few key concepts to keep in mind
and make sure they are properly understood. These are explained in the following
sections.

13.4.1 Source
As can be seen in the Error! Reference source not found., the first tab on the left is
called the Source. This first tab is selected by default when you start to generate the
report. The source means the screenshot that will be used as the main one in the report.
That will be the screenshot from which the UT parameters will be fetched from. Later on,
you can add additional screenshots. These will be secondary or additional screenshots.
This will be done when the Images tab will be selected.

There are quite a few tools and filters to help when selecting a source screenshot. We will
explore each of them. Again, refer to Error! Reference source not found..

13.4.1.1 Selecting the Source Screenshot

To select which screenshot will be the source of the report, simply press on one of the
screenshots that appears in the list. The selected screenshot will then be highlighted with
a bold rectangle. The selection can be modified by simply pressing on a different
screenshot.

13.4.1.2 Editing the Source Screenshot

Once highlighted, the screenshot also displays an Edit icon in the bottom right corner. By
pressing this icon, you will then have the opportunity to edit the screenshot name and
comment as well as its rating and colour properties.

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Figure 62 - Editing a screenshot during when generating a report

Once the edit is completed, exit with the Save button. The system will bring you back to
the Source tab of the report. The same happens if you hit cancel to ignore all changes to
the screenshot.

13.4.1.3 Rating Filtre

This filter allows you to limit the screenshots in the list to only those having a star rating
of at least the number of stars selected. That is, by selecting a filter of 2-star rating, only
these screenshots having a rating of 2 or 3 stars will appear in the list.

13.4.1.4 Colour Filtre

The colour filter is an exclusive one. Only screenshots having the colour property selected
in the filter will appear in the list. To select all files whatever their colour property, simply
select the 5 colour icon in the colour filter drop-down list.

13.4.1.5 Date
Date is not a filter; it is a means to put screenshots into order. By default, screenshots are
presented by reverse chronological order. You can change this to chronological order by
pressing on Date. This is a simple toggle.

13.4.1.6 Filtre
Filtre allows you to choose all screenshots or only screenshots related to the specific
application. When launching the report from within the application, a third choice
appears in the drop-down menu, which is “Inspection.” This last choice will limit the
screenshot listing to those created in the actual inspection session—that is, since the last
time the inspection application was launched.

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13.4.2 General
This tab presents general information of the report. There are four sections: Customer
Information, Part, Weld Type and Weld Dimensions. Note that the last category is only
present if the weld type is different from None. Each category includes parameters that
are specific to it.

Figure 63 – Part of the section presented in the General tab.

NOTE: Some sections might be hidden when you glance at the screen.
Do not hesitate to scroll the screen with your finger.

By default, some fields are empty, although a Source is selected. In fact, these are the
few parameters that need to be written manually in the report. To do this, all you have to
do is click on the parameter to be modified. A yellow box will appear to indicate the
parameter being modified. In addition, the virtual keyboard will be displayed in the lower
half of the screen. Enter the information you want.

Figure 64 – Some fields need to be filled in manually using a virtual keyboard

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13.4.2.1 Company Information

This section allows you to enter your company information, such as the name and the
address. This information will be visible in the header of the report once it is generated.

13.4.2.2 Customer Information

The parameters of this category are Customer, Project Number, Location and
Inspection Date. By default, the fields are empty; they have to be entered manually.

Regarding the date, there are two ways to change it. It is possible to write the date in text
form, e.g., December 19, 2020, or use the date picker. If the date picker method is chosen,
the date format will be linked to the language choice in Settings (see Section 14 for more
information). To use the date picker method, click on the Calendar icon.

Figure 65 – Scroll down to choose the date

13.4.2.3 Part and Weld Dimensions

All the parameters of this category are intrinsically linked to the Source. For example, if
the part from the Source is a T-joint, only the parameters related to the T-joint are
displayed. However, it is still possible to modify them. Parts and welds can be edited; they
will follow the same behaviours as in the Inspection screen. Changing the type of each
one will show only their respective parameters and possible choices.

NOTE: If the Weld Type is set to None, the Weld Dimensions section
will not be displayed.

13.4.3 Inspection Summary

This tab, as its name suggests, provides a global summary of the inspection. There are
three sections: Description, Inspected by and Approved by.

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Figure 66 – The sections for the Inspection Summary tab

By default, the fields are empty; they have to be entered manually.

13.4.3.1 Description
This field is designed to allow you to write down a summary of the inspection. You have
a limit of 1000 characters, including line breaks. If the limit is reached, it will not be
possible to add more text.

Note that line breaks may affect the layout even if the number of characters is not
reached. If this is the case, by clicking on the Preview button, a pop-up appears on the
screen indicating that the text is too long and will be truncated in the PDF report.

Figure 67 – The pop-up that warns the description will be truncated.

13.4.3.2 Inspected by and Approved by

The purpose of this section is to identify the people who inspected and approved the
report.

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Regarding the date, there are two ways to change it. It is possible to write the date in text
form, e.g., December 19, 2020, or using the date picker. If the date picker method is
chosen, the date format will be linked to the language choice in Settings (see Section 14
for more information). To use the date picker method, click on the Calendar icon.

Figure 68 – Scroll down to choose the date

13.4.4 Images
The Images tab presents a list of screenshots in a very similar way as the Source tab (see
above). Here, multiple selection can be made. All selected screenshots will be added to
the report. Note that the screenshot selected in the Source tab remains the main one,
meaning that it will be used to determine the UT parameters that will appear in the report.

Selected images will appear with a large checkmark. To unselect, just hit again the
screenshot. An alternative way of unselecting images consists of selecting the name of
the screenshot that appears in the right-hand side of the window and dragging it to the
left.

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Figure 69 - Additional screenshots to add to the report

The list of selected screenshots can be easily reordered by simply dragging and dropping
a specific screenshot appearing in the list on the right-hand side of the screen. Therefore,
you can have the screenshots appear in any order in the report that will be created later.

13.4.5 UT Parameters
This tab gathers, in a single place, the parameters directly related to the inspection,
excluding those with respect to the probe and wedge. There are four sections: Code,
Calibration Block, Gain and Amplitude, and Calibration.

Figure 70 – The sections that are usually displayed for the UT Parameters tab

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NOTE: Some parameters might be hidden when you look at the

screen. Do not hesitate to scroll with your finger.

13.4.5.1 Code and Calibration

This section is used to identify the procedure and calibration block used for the
inspection. By default, the fields are empty; they have to be entered manually.

13.4.5.2 Gain and Amplitude

This section presents the parameters Ref.Gain and Ref. Amplitude, which are related to
the source. Note that these parameters cannot be changed: they are read-only. This
avoids any errors that could have important repercussions on report quality.

13.4.5.3 Sizing Mode

This section presents the parameters related to the calibration. They are dynamically
displayed, depending on the calibration and the selected source. It is not possible to
modify them.

Table 30 shows the parameters according to the calibration selected

Table 30 – Calibration parameters displayed in the report

DAC API AWS DGS TCG

• Split DAC • dr • AWS A • Near field • Transfer
• Transfer • API K • AWS B • Ref. Loss
Loss • Transfer • AWS C attenuation
• DAC Loss • AWS C • Mat.
subcurves Rounded Attenuation
• DAC trigger • Transfer Loss • Ref. type
• Ref. size
• Ref. block
velocity
• Delta Vk
• ERS
• PED
• Gain mode
• DGS subcurves
• DGS trigger
• Transfer Loss

NOTE: If the selected source does not provide any calibration, this
section will not be displayed.

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13.4.6 Probe and Wedge

As indicated by the name, this section presents the parameters related to the probe and
wedge. By default, Couplant is the only field left empty; it must be filled in manually. This
means that all other parameters are intrinsically linked to the Source. Nevertheless, all
of them can be modified by a visual keyboard or a numerical keypad.

Figure 71 – Parameters related to the Probe and Wedge tab

13.5 Report Preview

At any time, you can visualise a preview of the report by pressing the Preview button.

Figure 72 The Preview button is available at any time in order to visualise the report

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At this point, the report is not saved. Adjustments are still possible. All you have to do is
click on the back arrow to make the changes.

The following table shows the sections displayed according to the pagination of the
report.

Table 31 – Breaking down sections of a typical report

Content Note
Header • Company Information
First page • Customer 1. This section is automatically
• Equipment Specifications1 generated with the information
• Material intrinsically linked to the device,
• Description2 such as the serial number or the
• Certification software version.
2. If the description is too long, it will
automatically appear on the second
page.
Second page3 • Screenshot(s)3 3. If there are several images selected,
• Caption(s)4 other pages will be created.
However, the screenshot will never
be on the first or last page of the
report.
4. The caption corresponds to the title
of the screenshot.
Last page • Code 5. If the source does not have an
• Gain and Amplitude associated sizing method, this
• Sizing Method5 section will not be displayed.
• Transducer and Wedge
• Calibration Block

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13.5.1 Navigation in the PDF Report

Navigating within the report is easy thanks to the touch screen. In order to zoom in or
zoom out, you simply have to pinch in or pinch out the screen. Use your fingertip to
navigate anywhere on the screen.

More traditional methods can also be used. You can enter the page number of the page
you want to access directly or simply use the navigation arrows, as shown inFigure
73Figure 73.

Traditional
navigation
tools

Figure 73 – There are several ways to navigate through the report

13.6 Save and Name a Report

In order to save a report, you must press the Preview button in the Report screen. Once
the report preview is visible, click on the Save button.

Figure 74 – It is from the report preview that it is possible to save it.

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From here, you will be required to write the name of the report. It is mandatory for you
to give a name to the report in order to save it.

Figure 75 The virtual keyboard is displayed in order to save the report

At any time, you can press the Cancel button to go backwards.

NOTE: It is not possible to overwrite an existing report. This means

that each report must have a unique file name.

13.7 View an Existing Report

Once a report has been saved, it can be viewed again. From the App Description screen,
click on the Report tab. The reports saved in the application appear as a list. Once the
report name is selected, simply click on the View button.

Figure 76 – List of existing report available in App Description

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13.7.1 Delete an Existing Report

You can delete one report at a time from the unit. Once the file name is highlighted, long
press the Delete button. It will delete the selected report. It is also possible to delete any
type of file from the Wave Companion.

13.8 Retrieve a Report

The purpose of creating a report is to make it accessible to the client. Therefore, there
are two ways to retrieve a saved report: either by email (which requires an Internet
connection) or by the Wave Companion

13.8.1 With Wave Companion.

The Wave Companion allows you to retrieve any files, including reports. Of course, the
Wave and the Wave Companion must be on the same network (Internet or not). For more
information on downloading files, please refer to the Wave Companion User Manual

13.8.2 By Email
IMPORTANT: Wave must be connected to the Internet to be able to send
an email.

To access the email function, you must view a saved report. This can be done through the
App Description screen or simply after the report is named. In both cases, the workflow
will be the same.

Once you view the PDF report, click on the email icon in the left sidebar.

Figure 77 – Email is a quick and easy way to send a report

The Compose Email screen allows you to enter the necessary information to send an
email.

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Figure 78 – Compose Email screen

13.8.2.1 To and Cc
These are the fields for entering an email address. The Wave is able to store up to 10
email addresses. If an eleventh is added, the least used address will be removed from the
list.

NOTE: In order to see the emails included in the list, simply press the
To or Cc button.

NOTE: In order to send an email, at least one valid email address

must be entered in the To: and Cc: fields.

13.8.2.2 Subject
By default, the subject of the email is the report name and its extension. It is possible to
modify this field by clicking on it. A virtual keypad will appear to make the modification.

13.8.2.3 Attachment
Automatically, the selected report is added as an attachment. Please note that only one
PDF report can be attached. It is not possible to change this field.

13.8.2.4 Message
By default, a message is already displayed. However, you can change it at any time by
clicking on the field. A virtual keyboard will appear.

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14 Settings
Wave settings are available by clicking the gear wheel located in the top right corner of
the Home screen.

Figure 79 - Access to the Settings via the Home screen

14.1 General
The General includes three sub-menus, which include the brightness, contrast, and date
and time.

Figure 80 –The General sub-menus

14.1.1 Brightness
You can change the brightness of the screen by moving your finger on the slider.

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14.1.2 High Contrast

You can toggle between two contrasts. The High Contrast is useful when Wave is used
outside.

Figure 81 – Normal contrast (black background) versus high contrast (white contrast)

14.1.3 Date and Time

You can automatically or manually choose the date and time. To automatically configure
the date and time settings, you must be connected to the Internet.

14.2 Language
You can choose the language of the instrument from the list of available languages. The
changes are done automatically. In short, the instrument does not need to be rebooted.

14.3 Network
The device can be connected to a network either by a wire or by Wi-Fi.

Figure 82 – Network

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14.3.1 Wired Network Connection

In order to connect Wave to an Ethernet wire, you must use a USB-C/Ethernet adapter.

Figure 83 – USB-C/Ethernet adapter plugged into the Wave USB-C connector

IMPORTANT: Properly connect the USB-C/Ethernet adapter into the

Wave USB-C connector. This reduces the risk of damaging the
connector pins.

No matter how Wave is connected to a network (wire or Wi-Fi), an IP address will be

assigned to the device. In the case of a wire connection, the IP address is visible in the
Network section, under the Instrument Name.

Figure 84 – The IP address of a Wave unit when it is connected to a network via a wire.

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In addition, an icon, which represents a wired network connection, will appear at the top
upper right-hand corner, next to Time.

Figure 85 – Icon when the device is connected to network via a wire

14.3.2 Network Connection via Wi-Fi

In order to connect Wave to Wi-Fi, toggle the Wi-Fi button.

Figure 86 – Network connection via Wi-Fi

The available networks are displayed. Some icons may appear next to a Wi-Fi network:

• A lock indicates it is a private network. A password is required.

• A Wi-Fi icon indicates the network’s signal strength.

Private network

Public network

Figure 87 – Example of private and public Wi-Fi networks

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By clicking on a private network, a window will open in order to enter the password.

Figure 88 – A password is required for a private network

Once the Wave is connected to Wi-Fi, an IP address is assigned to it.

NOTE: If the Wave is connected to a network by a wire and Wi-Fi at

the same time, the wire network will take precedence over the Wi-Fi
network.

14.4 About
This section gives you some basic information about your Wave, like the date of the Last
Calibration, the Software Version, the Firmware Version and the Serial Number.

14.5 Legal
Wave was designed to be ultrasonic inspection equipment. It has been extensively tested
before leaving the manufacturer. However, operating software may experience untoward
issues.

The instrument must be used only for industrial applications and material testing. Any
other use than that prescribed in this manual is strictly prohibited.

If you face any operating issues, please contact Sonatest’s customer service or our
nearest representative in your home country.

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15 Updates
The Software Update is available by clicking on the circular arrows displayed on the
Home screen.

Software Update

Figure 89 – Home screen with Software Update menu

15.1 Internet Update

The Software Update screen allows you to update the device via the Internet. If an
update is available, you will be able to click on the Update button. Release notes are
available for each update.

IMPORTANT: Wave must be connected to the Internet to be able to

update.

15.2 USB-C Update

If the Internet connection is not available, it is still possible to update the Wave. Simply
put the update file on a USB-C stick and reach the Software Update screen. From there,
click on the USB tab and the corresponding update file will be displayed. Then, just press
the Update button.

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16 Remote Connection and VNC

This section will explain how to set a remote connection to your Wave. This feature will
help technicians, professors, and service providers to share the screen of the instrument
while giving a presentation or discussion with a customer.

You must keep in mind that by setting up a remote connection with your Wave will not
allow you to “virtually” manipulate/operate the instrument from its own laptop. It means
that there will be no interaction with your instrument; it will remain as like as a screen-
sharing tool.

There are three ways to set a remote connection. They are detailed right below.

16.1 Connection to a Network

Make sure your laptop has a good network connection (stable and high-speed
connection). Once your laptop is connected to a network, you have two different ways to
connect your Wave: by cable or Wi-Fi (see Section 14.3 for more details). Once you are
connected to a network, an IP address will be automatically set to your instrument.

Sonatest suggests downloading and installing a VNC viewer on your laptop that allows
you to set a remote connection to your instrument. This will allow you to share your
screen on your laptop’s screen. For the majority of VNC viewer applications, you just need
to set the IP address from your instrument to get access to it.

For the majority of VNC viewers’ applications, you just need to set the IP address from
your instrument to get access to it.

16.2 Sharing your Internet Connection from your Laptop

Your laptop should be connected to a network (Wi-Fi or cable) before you can set up a
mobile hotspot.

To set a mobile hotspot from your laptop, go to the Start Menu (if your laptop is
Windows-based) and then Settings. In the Settings home page, go down to Mobile
Hotspot, which features the list of available options and click on it. Once you click in that
option, you will see the screen below.

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Figure 90 – Laptop hotspot

If your mobile hotspot option is set to off, set the option to ON. You must also set the
option Wi-Fi for Internet sharing. Once you have set the option to ON, the network name
and password will be available, as shown in the image above.

Launch your instrument and then, in the Home screen, click on the Settings button. In
Settings, click on the Network button. Once you are connected to the mobile hotspot
network, an IP address will be automatically set to your instrument.

Sonatest suggest downloading and installing a VNC viewer on your laptop that allows you
to set a remote connection to your instrument. This will allow you to share your screen
on your laptop’s screen.

For the majority of VNC viewers’ applications, you just need to set the IP address from
your instrument to get access to it.

16.3 Sharing your Internet Connection from your Mobile

Phone
Your mobile phone should be connected to a mobile network before you start to set up
a mobile hotspot.

To set a mobile hotspot from your mobile phone, go to Settings (if your mobile is
Android-based). In the Settings home page, go down to Portable Hotspot which features
the list of available. Activate the portable hotspot.

Launch your instrument and then, in the Home screen, click on the Settings button. In
Settings, click on the Network button. Once you are connected to the portable hotspot
network, an IP address will be automatically set to your instrument.

Sonatest suggest downloading and installing a VNC viewer on your laptop that allows you
to set a remote connection to your instrument. This will allow you to share your screen
on your laptop’s screen.

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17 Menus and Parameters Reference

Cal Signal Signal (continued)

● Velocity ● Rectification o 4.5 MHz narrow

○ Full
● Probe Zero o 4.5 MHz wide
○ +Half
● Range ○ -Half o 5 MHz narrow
● Delay ○ RF o 5 MHz wide
● Avg Factor
● Set Ref. Gain ○ Disable o 7.5 MHz narrow
● Ref. Amplitude ○ 2 o 7.5 MHz wide
○ 4
● Auto Cal ○ 8 o 10 MHz narrow
○ 16 o 10 MHz wide
○ 32
o 15 MHz narrow
● Filter
o 20 MHz narrow
o 0.5 MHz narrow
o 20 MHz wide
o 0.5 MHz wide
o Broadband low
o 1 MHz narrow
o Broadband high
o 1 MHz wide
• Reject Level
o 1.25 MHz narrow
• Reject Type
o 1.25 MHz wide
o None
o 2 MHz narrow
o Suppressive
o 2 MHz wide
o Linear
o 2.25 MHz narrow
• Ref. A-Scan
o 2.25 MHz wide
o Hold
o 3.5 MHz narrow
o Reset
o 3.5 MHz wide
• Envelope
o 4 MHz narrow
o Off
o 4 MHz wide
o Peak
o Trail
• Reset Envelope

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TX/RX Sizing Sizing (continued)

● RX Mode ● DAC ● TCG Visible

○ Pitch-Catch ● TCG ○ Yes
○ Pulse-Echo ● DGS ○ No
○ Through ● API ● AWS C Rounded
Transmission ○ 0.1
● AWS
● Voltage ○ 1
● DAC to TCG
○ 100 V ● ABCD Visible
● T-Log
○ 150 V ○ Yes
Sizing Options
○ No
○ 200 V
● Transfer Loss
● ERS
○ 250 V
● DAC Trigger
● Gain Mode
○ 300 V
○ DAC
○ Relative
○ 350 V
○ G1
○ Absolute
○ 400 V
○ 0 dB
● DGS Trigger
○ 450V
● Gain Mode ○ DGS
○ 500V
○ Relative ○ G1
● Pulse Type
○ Absolute ● DGS Sub curves
○ Spike Ref.
● Split DAC Enabled ○
○ Square ○ dB
○ Yes
● Frequency ○ ERS
○ No
● PRF ● Nb of DGS Curves
● DAC Sub curves
○ 0
○ DAC
○ 1
○ JIS ○ 2
○ -2/-6/-10 ○ 3
○ -6/-14 ● DGS Curve 1
○ Custom ● DGS Curve 2
● Nb of DAC Curves ● DGS Curve 3
○ 0 ● ERS Curve 1
○ 1
● ERS Curve 2
○ 2
● ERS Curve 3
○ 3
● DAC Curve 1
● DAC Curve 2
● DAC Curve 3

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Part Probe

Part menu is a wizard in fact. See Section 9 for ● Probe Model

more details.
○ Probe Selection

● Angle

● X-offset

● Wedge Velocity

● Probe Zero

● Frequency

● Probe Width

● Probe Height

● Probe Type

○ Mono Circular

○ Mono Rectangular

○ Dual Crystal

● Probe Serial Number

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Display Display (continued) Alarms

● Units ● Ruler Mode ● Alarm 1 Enabled

○ SI ○ Distance ○ Yes
○ Imperial ○ Time ○ No
● Line Appearance ● Overlay Mode ● Alarm 1 Source
○ Thin ○ None ○ G1
○ Thick ○ Line ○ G2
○ Filled ○ Band ○ G3
● Trail Speed ● Grid Type ○ G4
○ Slow ○ None ○ DAC
○ Medium ○ Plain ○ DGS
○ Fast ○ Dash ○ not G1
● Trail Duration ○ Dot ○ G1 and G2
● Rulers ○ Cross ○ G1 or G2
○ None ● Grid Alignment
○ Horizontal ○ Fixed
○ Vertical ○ Aligned
○ Both

Alarms (continued) Alarms (continued) Alarms (continued)

● Alarm 2 Enabled ● Alarm 3 Enabled ● Alarm 4 Enabled

○ Yes ○ Yes ○ Yes
○ No ○ No ○ No
● Alarm 2 Source ● Alarm 3 Source ● Alarm 4 Source
○ G1 ○ G1 ○ G1
○ G2 ○ G2 ○ G2
○ G3 ○ G3 ○ G3
○ G4 ○ G4 ○ G4
○ DAC ○ DAC ○ DAC
○ DGS ○ DGS ○ DGS
○ not G2 ○ not G3 ○ not G4
○ G1 and G2 ○ G3 and G4 ○ G3 and G4
○ G1 or G2 ○ G3 or G4 ○ G3 or G4

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Alarms (continued) Alarms (continued)

● Alarm 1 GPO ● Alarm 3 GPO

○ None ○ None
○ 0 ○ 0
○ 1 ○ 1
○ 2 ○ 2
○ 3 ○ 3
● Alarm 2 GPO ● Alarm 4 GPO
○ None ○ None
○ 0 ○ 0
○ 1 ○ 1
○ 2 ○ 2
○ 3 ○ 3

Gate 1 Gate 2 Gate 3

● G1 Enabled ● G2 Enabled ● G3 Enabled

○ Yes ○ Yes ○ Yes
○ No ○ No ○ No
● G1 Start ● G2 Start ● G3 Start
● G1 Width ● G2 Width ● G3 Width
● G1 Level ● G2 Level ● G3 Level
● G1 Polarity ● G2 Polarity ● G3 Polarity
○ Absolute ○ Absolute ○ Absolute
○ Positive ○ Positive ○ Positive
○ Negative ○ Negative ○ Negative
● G2 Adaptive Triggering
○ On
○ Off
● G2 Blanking

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Gate 4 Scan Plan

● G4 Enabled ● Beam Exit Point

○ Yes ● Probe Distance
○ No ● Rulers
● G4 Start ○ Both
● G4 Width ○ None
● G4 Level ● Grid Type
● G4 Polarity ○ None
○ Absolute ○ Plain
○ Positive ○ Cross
○ Negative ● Weld Visible
● G2 Adaptive Triggering ○ Yes
○ On ○ No
○ Off
● Signal Visible
● G2 Blanking
○ Yes
○ No
● Distance Visible
○ Yes
○ No

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18 Wave Companion
Wave Companion is the desktop application that accompanies Wave. It offers an
environment in which dedicated applications can be designed and uploaded to Wave
units as well as a way to download files.

NOTE: For more information about Wave Companion, please refer to

the Wave Companion User Guide.

18.1 Connect Wave to the Wave Companion

In order to take advantage of all the features available in Wave Companion, the unit and
application must be connected to the same network. Please refer to Section 14.3 to learn
how to connect Wave to a network.

18.2 Version Compatibility

Here is some important information regarding the compatibility between different
application versions, Wave and Wave Companion:

• Wave Companion can manage several applications that are based on the current
version or older versions. However, these applications should not be corrupted.
• Wave Companion will transfer an application if its version is not as recent as the
version of Wave. Once exception is version 1.0.X of Wave Companion.
• When an application based on an old version is transferred to Wave, a clock icon
will appear on the application. This helps you distinguish old from current
applications.

Figure 91 – Old application

• When Wave is updated, default applications (Default imperial, T-joint, Default,

DGS, DAC and DASH) are also updated. For all other applications, you must update
them in Wave Companion or leave them as is.

NOTE: The numbers of the application versions are accessible in

Wave Companion.

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19 Quality Assurance
Wave was designed to meet and to surpass several international standards. All Wave
units are tested for quality assurance before delivery to customers.

The following list shows the standards that Wave has been tested for:

• EN 12668
• EN 61326-1
• FCC Part 15
• ICES 003
• CISPR11
• IEC 61000-4

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20 Maintenance
Wave requires basically no maintenance, only a few procedures for cleaning.

Do not leave the equipment close to electromagnetic sources because it may lead to
electronic interference. Likewise, keep it away from carpets that can provide electrostatic
shocks.

To clean the instrument and its accessories use a soft cloth and ordinary liquid soap. Try
to clean Wave as often as possible to avoid any accumulation of dust, oil, grease, or
couplant. Special attention needs to be given to the battery door. Make sure the battery
door gasket is properly clean and free of particles.

IMPORTANT: Do not use any methyl alcohol or solvents for dye

penetrant to clean the equipment. It may damage some parts or
brittle plastic components.

20.1 Temperatures
Wave’s operating temperatures (when the fan is working) are from -10°C to 45°C (14°F to
113°F).

20.2 Screen
For the Wave screen, we recommend the following advice:

● Do not use an abrasive cloth or brush to clean the screen.

● Do not use a sharp object to point functions on the screens.
● Do not leave or store the unit where the screen will be directly exposed to sunlight
for a long period of time.

20.3 Connectors
We strongly recommend you to protect all connectors to avoid contact with dust, oil,
grease, and water. All connectors come with a rubber cover which just needs to be put
back in the right place when the connector is not in use.

This procedure will avoid major damages to connectors and further issues related to pin
corrosion.

20.4 Battery and Power Supply

Use and charge only the specified Sonatest battery pack with Wave. Using third-party or
counterfeit battery packs may cause fire, smoke, or make the battery burst.

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Do not use the battery if it has been severely impacted or dropped, or if the battery has
been exposed to heavy pressure. Some damage may not be visible on the outside of the
case, thus the cells inside the battery may rupture or catch fire.

Do not expose the battery to seawater, rain, snow, drop in water or any other liquids. Do
not charge or use a wet battery. If the battery gets wet, make sure to wipe it dry before
using.

If the equipment is going to be stored for more than 30 continuous days with no
utilisation, we recommend fully recharging the battery, no matter of the battery level.
This procedure will avoid premature mortality of the battery.

The approximate level of remaining battery life is shown on the top right corner display
by the battery icon and the percentage level. When the battery indicator is down to one-
quarter full, charge the battery as soon as possible.

NOTE: The instrument automatically shuts off when the battery is too weak
for reliable operations. However, current settings are saved and then
restored when the instrument is turned on. For long work journeys on
remote locations or if you are unable to have access to main power supply,
always carry a spare battery.

When the AC adapter is connected to the instrument, the battery icon indicates a
percentage of full charge of the battery. If the AC adapter is not connected to the
instrument when removing the battery to install a spare, the instrument will automatically
turn off. However, if the adapter is connected, the instrument will remain on.

20.5 USB-C Connector

You can recharge electronic devices with the USB-C connector available, but it may affect
the durability of the battery.

20.6 Travelling
When travelling, Wave should be placed in its transportation case to avoid any major
damages and mechanical impacts.

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21 Additional Resources
21.1 Probes
Before operating the Wave, connect it to a probe. Probes can be connected to sockets on
the top of the instrument. Make sure to use appropriate cables and to properly connect
them to the probes. Otherwise, it may lead to considerable power losses or to echo
waveform perturbation.

Wave can either work with single or double element probes. Single element probes need
to be connected to the proper socket as indicated on the following picture.

TX/RX

RX
Expansion

GPIO

Figure 92 – Connectors and the expansion

21.2 Accessories
IMPORTANT: It is recommended that the instrument should be switched
off, or at least the pulser stopped, for the probe installation. If the Wave is
not turned off, you may cause some damage to the electronic circuits.

For options availability and quotations, please contact with one of our distributors.

21.3 Sonatest Website

For further information and additional support, please visit the Sonatest website:
www.sonatest.com

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22 Warranty and Disclaimers

22.1 Warranty
Sonatest Limited guarantees your Sonatest Limited product to be free from defects in
materials and workmanship for 1 year.

The Sonatest warranty only covers equipment that has been used in a proper manner, as
described in this document and that has not been subjected to excessive abuse,
attempted unauthorised repairs, or modification.

Inspect materials thoroughly on reception for evidence of external or internal damage

that might have occurred during shipment. Immediately notify the carrier making the
delivery of any damage, since the carrier is normally liable for damage during shipment.
Retain packing materials, waybills, and other shipping documentation needed in order to
file a damage claim. After notifying the carrier, contact Sonatest Limited for assistance
with the damage claim and equipment replacement if necessary.

22.2 Disclaimer of Liability

All statements, technical information and recommendations contained in this manual or
any other information supplied by Sonatest Limited in connection with the use, features
and qualifications of the Wave are based on tests believed to be reliable, but the accuracy
or completeness thereof is not guaranteed. Before using the product, you should
determine its suitability for your intended use based on your knowledge of ultrasonic
testing and the characteristics of materials. You bear all risks in connection with the use
of the product. You are reminded that all warranties as to merchantability and fitness for
purpose are excluded from the contract under which the product and this manual have
been supplied to you. The Seller’s only obligation in this respect is to replace such quantity
of the product proved to be defective.

Neither the seller nor the manufacturer shall be liable either in contract or in tort for any
direct or indirect loss or damage (whether for loss of profit or otherwise), costs, expenses
or other claims for consequential or indirect compensation whatsoever (and whether
caused by the negligence of the company, its employees or agents or otherwise).

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23 Troubleshooting
23.1 Battery
Wave does not start when press I press the power-on button.

● Make sure the battery is fully charged and connected to the Wave.
● If the battery is flat or not fully charged, connect the charger which came with the
unit.
● Remove and reinsert the battery then try to turning Wave on again.
● If the above does not work send it back for repairs.

My battery life is very short despite having charged it for 3-4 hours.

● When you received the unit for the first time, it is strongly recommended to
complete a full charge and discharge cycle.
● If possible, try charging the battery with another certified charger.
● If you do not have a spare charger, try with another battery. If the battery life is
longer, the battery is faulty.

23.2 USB-C Connector

Which USB-C adapter should I use?

● Have a look at the Sonatest website (sonatest.com) to see all the adapters
compatible with Wave.

Can I use a USB-C adapter which is not in the adapter list?

● Yes. However Sonatest does not guarantee the compatibility of the adapter.

23.3 System Status

Where can I get access to the system status?

• By long pressing on the battery icon.

23.4 Hard Shutdown

Wave is not responding. Everything seems to be frozen.

• Make sure you did not click the Freeze button or double-clicked the power-on to
lock the screen.
• If nothing is working with Wave, you can do a hard shutdown by long pressing and
holding the power-on button for 10 seconds. This action should be considered as
a last resort.

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23.5 Application
I have transferred an application and it is not working.

• Make sure you have not transferred a corrupted application. A corrupted

application features a logo with a crossed-out circle. You cannot open this
application. You must replace the application with one that is not corrupted or
simply deleted the corrupted application.

Figure 93 – A corrupted application

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24 Glossary
α (degree): Bevel angle α

β (degree): Bevel angle β

Angle (degree): Angle of the ultrasound beam exiting the probe

API: American Petroleum Institute

AWS: American welding Society

DAC: Distance amplitude gain

Delay (mm or in): Offset of the left side of the A-scan.

DGS: Distance gain size. Also known as AVG in German

ERS (mm or in): Equivalent reflector size

f (mm or in): Root face

First peak: The highest value between the first two gates crossing (full positive flank and
full negative flank), the first gate crossing being the flank.

Flank: The first positive flank to cross the gate (the first value higher than the gate
threshold that crosses the gate).

L1 (mm or in): Length of the left-side fillet weld

L2 (mm or in): Length of the right-side fillet weld

Lw1 (mm or in): Effective throat of the left-side fillet weld

Lw2 (mm or in): Effective throat of the right-side fillet weld

Overlay mode: Skip overlay mode

Peak: The highest value inside the gate.

PED (mm or in): Probe effective diameter

PRF: Pulse repetition frequency

Probe zero (μs): Time which the sound spends in the wedge.

R (mm or in): Root opening

r1 (mm or in): Groove radius #1

r2 (mm or in): Groove radius #2

Reference amplitude (%FSH): Reference amplitude for sensitivity calibrations.

Reject type: Signal rejection criteria. It removes noise from the A-Scan.

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RX Mode: Pulsing Mode

S1 (mm or in): Weld depth of the bevel #1

S2 (mm or in): Weld depth of the bevel #2

TCG: Time corrected gain

Transfer loss (dB): dB loss due to surface conditions, poor coupling, etc.

X-Offset (mm or in): Distance between the front of the probe and the exit point.

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