Matrix and Determinants

NOTE:
In the context of a 4x4 matrix (or any square matrix), a determinant of zero has several significant i

1. Non-Invertibility: The matrix is singular, meaning it does not have an inverse. A matrix is inverti
 2. Linearly Dependent Rows/Columns: The rows and columns of the matrix are linearly depende

3. No Unique Solution to Linear Systems: If the matrix is used as the coefficient matrix in a system

4. Zero Eigenvalues: At least one of the eigenvalues of the matrix is zero. The determinant of a m

These properties are crucial in various fields, such as linear algebra, engineering, computer graph
more, as they influence the behavior and characteristics of the system described by the matrix.
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Steps to find the determinants of 4x4 matrix

Step 1: Write down the 4x4 matrix.
Let's say we have a 4x4 matrix A:

| a11 a12 a13 a14 | | a21 a22 a23 a24 | | a31 a32 a33 a34 | | a41 a42 a43 a44 |

Step 2: Identify the three 3x3 submatrices.

To find the determinant of a 4x4 matrix, we'll first need to identify three 3x3 submatrices. We can choose any
row or column to remove. For illustration, let's choose the first row.

Submatrix 1 (S1):

| a22 a23 a24 | | a32 a33 a34 | | a42 a43 a44 |

Submatrix 2 (S2):
| a21 a23 a24 | | a31 a33 a34 | | a41 a43 a44 |
Submatrix 3 (S3):

| a21 a22 a24 | | a31 a32 a34 | | a41 a42 a44 |

Step 3: Calculate the determinants of the three 3x3 submatrices.

Use any suitable method for calculating the determinant of a 3x3 matrix (e.g., expansion by
minors, Cramer's rule, etc.) to find the determinants of S1, S2, and S3.

Let's say the determinants are: det(S1), det(S2), and det(S3).

 the dete

Step 4: Apply the cofactor expansion.

Now, we can find the determinant of the original 4x4 matrix A using the cofactor expansion
along the first row:

det(A) = a11 * det(S1) - a12 * det(S2) + a13 * det(S3) - a14 * det(S4)

Step 5: Calculate the final determinant.

Substitute the values of det(S1), det(S2), and det(S3) from Step 3 into the cofactor expansion
equation and perform the calculations to find the determinant of the 4x4 matrix A.

The value obtained will be the determinant of the 4x4 matrix A. Remember that this process can
be applied to any 4x4 matrix to find its determinant. However, it can be computationally
intensive, so using software or calculators that can handle matrix calculations is recommended
for larger matrices.

implications:

tible (non-singular) if and only if its determinant is non-zero.

ent. This means that at least one row (or column) can be expressed as a linear combination of the others.

m of linear equations, the system either has no solutions or has infinitely many solutions. It does not have a

matrix is the product of its eigenvalues, so if the determinant is zero, at least one eigenvalue must be zero.
 set A a11 a12 a13 a14
a21 a22 a23 a24
a31 a32 a33 a34
a41 a42 a43 a44

a11 a12 a13 a14 a11 a12 a13 a14

a21 a22 a23 a24 a21 a22 a23 a24
a31 a32 a33 a34 a31 a32 a33 a34
a41 a42 a43 a44 a41 a42 a43 a44
set 1 set 2
a22 a23 a24 a21 a23 a24
a32 a33 a34 a31 a33 a34
a42 a43 a44 a41 a43 a44

set 1 set 2
a22 a23 a24 a22 a23 a21
a32 a33 a34 a32 a33 a31
a42 a43 a44 a42 a43 a41
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d1 d2
mation of each rows, then the Det of set 1, is the difference of two rows
the determinants of set 1 = ( d1+d2+d3) - (d4+d5+d6) the determinants of set 1 = ( d1+d2+d3) - (d4

det A = a11 * det set 1 - a12* det set 2 + a13* det set 3 - a14* det s

Given a set of 4x4 matreices, determine the determinants

1 2 8 8
set A 2 4 1 1
-2 4 -3 4
2 -6 2 2

4 1 1 2 1
4 -3 4 -2 -3
-6 2 2 2 2
18 32 8 -24 -24 8 -6 16 -4
det set-1 98 det set2 14

Det of set A = -1050

t have a unique solution.

4x4 Determinants in excel

45 2 8 8
(B) = 15 4 1 1
5 4 -3 4
0 -6 2 2

4 1 1 15 1 1
Det (B)= 45 4 -3 4 -2 5 -3 4
-6 2 2 0 2 2

Det (B)= 45 18 32 8 minus -24 -24 8 4410

-2 0 120 10

Det of set(B)= -1050 answer

a11 a12 a13 a14 a11 a12 a13 a14
a21 a22 a23 a24 a21 a22 a23 a24
a31 a32 a33 a34 a31 a32 a33 a34
a41 a42 a43 a44 a41 a42 a43 a44
set 3 set 4
a21 a22 a24 a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a34 a31 a32 a33
a41 a42 a44 a41 a42 a43

set 3
a23 a24 a21 a23 a21 a22 a24
a33 a34 a31 a33 a31 a32 a34
a43 a44 a41 a43 a41 a42 a44
d3 d4 d5 d6 d1 d2 d3
f set 1 = ( d1+d2+d3) - (d4+d5+d6) the determinants of set 1 = ( d1+d2+d3) - (d4+d5

det set 3 - a14* det set 4

1 2 4 1
4 -2 4 4
2 2 -6 2
-12 8 -4 8 -48 -16 16 32
det set3 -116
 15 4 1 15 4 1
8 5 4 4 -8 5 4 -3
0 -6 2 0 -6 2

minus -90 0 10 -420

8 0 -360 40 minus 120 0 -30 -3280
-8 0 270 40 minus
 set 4
a21 a22 a21 a22 a23 a21
a31 a32 a31 a32 a33 a31
a41 a42 a41 a42 a43 a41
d4 d5 d6 d1 d2 d3 d4
ts of set 1 = ( d1+d2+d3) - (d4+d5+d6) the determinants of set 1 = ( d1+d2+d3) - (d4+d5+d6)

2 4 1
-2 4 -3
2 -6 2
12 8 36 -16 16 -24 12
det set4 24
120 0 -30 -1760
 Sample calculator of 3x3 determinants
2
3
4
a22 8 -52
a32
a42 The Det (A) is equal to the difference of
d5 d6 Det(A) = 99
= ( d1+d2+d3) - (d4+d5+d6)
or of 3x3 determinants
1 1 2 1
2 13 3 2
-2 9 4 -2
27 36 52 -6

equal to the difference of two rows above.