IMPACT OF LIMITED COMPUTER ENGINEERING RESOURCES ON

HANDS-ON LEARNING AND RETENTION RATES IN THE COMPUTER

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT AT CSU-CARIG

___________________________

Presented to the
Faculty of
College of Engineering and Architecture
Cagayan State University, Carig Campus
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

____________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for
The subject Science, Technology and Society

By

Maniago, Raiyyan Casibang

Corpuz, James Allistaire
Capule, Christian James
Corpuz, Angelo John G.
Teppang, Mark Timothy
Ulangco, Aiven Klyde

Submitted to:

Mr. Mark Christian T. Ventura, LPT

Subject Teacher

January 2024
 Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of limited

computer engineering resources on hands-on learning and

retention rates in the computer engineering department at

Cagayan State University – Carig Campus. With increasing

demand for practical skills in the engineering sector,

this research addresses a critical gap by evaluating how

resource constraints impact student outcomes. The

proposed research will employ a mixed-methods approach,

combining data from surveys, questionnaires, and

university records. The researchers hypothesize that

insufficient access to up-to-date equipment negatively

impact hands-on learning opportunities, leading to

decreased retention rates and student satisfaction. By

identifying these challenges, the study aims to enhance

learning environments and retention strategies in the

Computer Engineering Department. The detailed report

resulting from this study will be presented to university

stakeholders, along with recommendations for

improvements, based on reliable and useful data.

Keywords:

Academic difficulties – a challenges and barriers a

students

Inadequately Equipped - lack of essential tools,

equipment, resources, or skills needed to effectively

perform a specific task.

 Hands-on-Learning - an educational method where

students learn by actively engaging in practical

activities and real-world experiences.

Modem - any of a class of electronic devices that

convert digital data signals into modulated analog

signals suitable for transmission over analog

telecommunications circuits.

Retention rates - refer to the percentage of

students who remain enrolled in their educational program

over a specific period of time despite facing challenges

such as limited learning resources.

Router - a device that connects two or more packet-

switched networks or subnetworks.

Servers – a computer or system that provides

resources, data, services, or programs to other

computers, known as clients, over a network.

 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Technology had a significant impact in our

daily lives, fundamentally changing the way we live,

work, and interact. From communication to transportation,

healthcare, and education, technological advancements

have revolutionized everyday processes, making them more

efficient, accessible, and effective. In the context of

education, technology's impact is profound. It not only

enhances learning experiences but also equips students

with the skills necessary to thrive in a technologically

driven world.

A 2022 study conducted by Bay Atlantic University

(BAU) stated that one of the most significant benefits of

using technology in education is putting students’

knowledge and skills into action. Thus, hands-on learning

through the use of modern equipment and tools is

essential for students in disciplines such as computer

engineering, where practical application of theoretical

knowledge is needed. Without sufficient access to modern

and functional equipment, students are limited in their

opportunities to learn through experience, rather

than being limited to what is only in the textbooks and

modules taught in the university.

Furthermore, the inability to gain hands-on

experience makes it difficult for students to see the

relevance and applicability of their studies, leading to

a lack of motivation to continue in the field. This often

leads to increased dropout rates as students seek

alternative programs or institutions that can offer a

more comprehensive and practical education.

Globally, the lack of adequate educational

technology and equipment is a pressing issue that affects

many institutions. In developing countries, such as the

Philippines, educational facilities often struggle to

keep up with technological advancements due to limited

funding and resources. This shortfall hinders students'

ability to engage in practical, hands-on learning, which

is crucial for fields like computer engineering.

This global issue resonates locally at Cagayan State

University-Carig Campus. The Computer Engineering

Department has some of the fundamental equipment needed

for teaching, but it is insufficient to meet

the full educational needs of the students. For example,

the computer laboratories are inadequately equipped,

often lacking enough computers for all students to use

simultaneously.
 For instance, there has been a shortage of servers

and routers provided by the university, which are

essential for simulating and executing electronic

projects. The lack of equipment makes students take the

initiative to buy and provide their materials, which the

school is unable to supplement, placing an additional

financial burden on them. Addressing the equipment

shortage would bring numerous benefits to students in the

Computer Engineering Department at CSU-Carig.

Enhanced access to up-to-date equipment would

significantly improve the quality of hands-on learning,

allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge in

practical settings. Improved practical skills and

familiarity with industry-standard tools would help

the University achieve its goal of creating globally

competitive learners in their chosen field. Students who

are engaged and see the value in their education are more

likely to continue their studies and complete their

degrees.

Moreover, when students have access to the necessary

tools and resources, they are more likely to feel

supported and valued, leading to higher levels of

satisfaction with their educational experience. The lack

of adequate computer engineering equipment at CSU-Carig

is a pressing issue that is negatively impacting

students' hands-on learning, retention, and satisfaction.

This study aims to investigate the impact of limited

computer engineering resources on hands-on learning and

retention rates within the Computer Engineering

Department at CSU-Carig. By understanding these impacts,

the research will provide a foundation for developing

targeted interventions to enhance educational outcomes

and student satisfaction.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to quantitatively assess the impact

of these limitations on students' hands-on learning

experiences and retention rates with the program.

Specifically, the research seeks to address the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of

a.Age;

b.Sex; and

c. Year level?

2. What is the impact of limited computer engineering

resources in terms of hands on learning?

3. What is the retention rate of computer engineering

students?
4. Is there a significant relationship between limited

resources and retention rate of computer engineering

students?

5. Is there a significant difference on impact of limited

computer engineering resources when grouped according to

profile variables?

6. What intervention plan can be proposed to increase the

hands-on learning and retention rate of the engineering

students?

Objectives of the Study

 Evaluate Impact:

a) Assess how limited resources affect hands-on

learning in the Computer Engineering Department at

CSU-Carig.

b) Measure changes in student performance,

participation, and satisfaction with practical

classes.

 Identify Challenges:

a) Identify specific challenges and barriers faced by

students and faculty due to resource shortages.

 Develop Recommendations:

Suggest ways to improve resource availability and

educational outcomes.

Provide interventions to support hands-on learning and

increase retention rates within the department.

Hypothesis (Ho)

There is no significant relationship of limited

computer engineering resources on hands-on learning on

the retention rate of computer engineering students

there is no significant difference on the impact of

limited computer engineering resources when grouped

according to profile variables.

Conceptual Framework
This section of the paper presents the research

paradigm of the study, detailing the input, process, and

output. The researchers aim to investigate the impact of

limited computer engineering resources on hands-on

learning and retention rates among computer engineering

students at CSU-Carig, and to analyze the influence of

various profile variables during the academic year 2023-

2024.
 Input Process Output

1. Profile of
the respondents
Proposed
2. Impact of
intervention
Analysis and plans to
the limited interpretation
computer improve hands-
of data gathered
engineering on learning
resources. and retention
rates
3. Retention
Data

Feedback

Figure 1. IPO

Significance of the Study

The outcome of this study will be a valuable source

of knowledge that can be utilized as a reference for

educational and service purposes. Students, faculty and

administrators, researchers, and future researchers will

all benefit from the findings.

Students: This study aims to enhance the learning

experiences of students by addressing equipment

shortages. By improving curriculum design and teaching

methodologies, students will experience increased

satisfaction with their education and improved academic

performance through hands-on learning.

Faculty and Administrators: The findings of this study

can inform decision-making processes related to

curriculum development, resource allocation, and program

improvement. Administrators and faculty members can use

these insights to create a more effective and resourceful

educational environment, ultimately enhancing the quality

of education provided.

Researchers: The study will provide a detailed analysis

of the impact of limited resources on hands-on learning,

retention, and satisfaction. Researchers can use this

data to further understand the challenges and

opportunities in educational resource management. The

findings can also stimulate new research questions and

inform subsequent studies in related fields.

Future Researchers: This study can serve as a foundation

for future research on similar topics. Future researchers

can build upon our findings, addressing any potential

gaps and exploring new dimensions of this subject. The

insights gained from this study will provide a solid

reference point for continued investigation and

development in the field of educational resource

management.
Scope and Delimitation:

This research investigates the effects of

insufficient computer engineering resources on hands-on

learning and retention rates among students in the

Computer Engineering Department of Cagayan State

University-Carig Campus during the 2023-2024 school year.

This study only concentrates on the Computer

Engineering Department in CSU-Carig and does not touch on

other departments or institutions. Specifically, critical

equipment includes servers, routers, and computers,

applying quantitative methods such as surveying and

retention rate analysis.

The study will explore the possible influence of

differences based on student profiles, which, for

example, includes year level and socio-economic status,

but it is not going to account for all possible factors.

It tests the hypothesis that limited resources

significantly affect learning and retention without

addressing other possible hypotheses. The findings will

be context-specific to CSU-Carig, which cannot be

generalized to other settings.

Definition of Terms:

Academic difficulties – a challenges and barriers a

students’ facing during their educational journey.

Inadequately Equipped - lack of essential tools,

equipment, resources, or skills needed to effectively

perform a specific task.

Hands-on-Learning - an educational method where

students learn by actively engaging in practical

activities and real-world experiences.

Modem - any of a class of electronic devices that

convert digital data signals into modulated analog

signals suitable for transmission over analog

telecommunications circuits.

Retention rates - refer to the percentage of

students who remain enrolled in their educational program

over a specific period of time despite facing challenges

such as limited learning resources.

Router - a device that connects two or more packet-

switched networks or subnetworks.

Servers – a computer or system that provides

resources, data, services, or programs to other

computers, known as clients, over a network.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign:

According to Islam, et. al (2021), on their research

titled “PROBLEMS OF INSUFFICIENT PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT: A STUDY

THROUGH TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN BANGLADESH,”

teachers feel that students will not be benefited in their

working life if they are not given practical classes along

with theoretical lessons. The lack of required practical

equipment hinders their teachers in conducting their practical

classes. This is why students do not show response and active

participation in their classes. Most of the teachers of the

study area think that the environment of practical classes is

very poor. In this study, students believe that practical

equipment is very essential for hands-on learning but, in

contrast, their teachers do not take practical classes

regularly. Many institutes are not able to complete the

practical courses in time due to lack of practical equipment

so that teachers cannot take the practical tests after the

various examinations of the institute.

The findings from the 2021 study in Bangladesh reflect

similar challenges in the Computer Engineering Department at

CSU-Carig, where limited practical resources negatively impact

hands-on learning and retention rates. Both contexts show that

the lack of necessary equipment prevents effective practical

instruction, leading to decreased student engagement and

responsiveness. This deficiency not only hampers the

development of essential technical skills but also lowers

student satisfaction and retention, highlighting the critical

need for adequate practical resources to ensure a high-quality

educational experience.

According to Orleans, et. al (2016), Philippine secondary

schools face significant challenges in teaching physics due to

the lack of equipment and resources. Many schools are unable

to provide effective instruction and suffer from poor learning

outcomes due to limited financial resources and a shortage of

basic instructional materials. Possible solutions include

equipping schools with simple yet useful instructional devices

made from locally available materials, increasing the number

of Mobile Information Technology Classrooms, resource sharing

among schools, soliciting reading material donations,

developing detailed lesson plans, and conducting demonstration

classes with post-demonstration conferences. Addressing the

equipment and resource shortage is essential for enhancing the

quality of physics education in the country.

The study by Orleans highlighted the significant

challenges faced by Philippine secondary schools in teaching

physics due to the lack of equipment and resources, which in

return, resulted in poor learning of students. This situation

is mirrored in the Computer Engineering Department at CSU-

Carig where limited resources similarly hinder hands-on

learning and retention rates. Just as Orleans suggested,

solutions like resource sharing, locally made instructional

devices, enhanced lesson plans to address physics education

issues, and other similar approaches can be applied to improve

the quality of computer engineering education. Ensuring

adequate resources and innovative teaching methods is crucial

for enhancing educational outcomes in both fields.

According to Kerby M. B., et. al (2015), as governments

strive for performance-based accountability in public

agencies, funding for higher education becomes directly tied

to academic outcomes. Critics argue that these funding

structures undermine the core purpose of universities and

negatively impact student retention. The American college

system is far more complex than the simple concept of supply-

side economics. Moreover, the shift from labor-intensive and

information-age economies to a knowledge-based economy, driven

by globalization and advancements in technology, has created

new challenges. Higher education fosters progressive social

change, not only through the dissemination of knowledge but

also through the interconnected experiences of campus life,

socialization, and self-discovery. To accommodate this

knowledge-based economy, a new conceptual model rooted in

classical sociological theory is necessary. Universities must

incorporate protective factors that cultivate a resilient

environment for student learning, adaptation, and retention.

According to the study by Kerby et. al, the shift towards

performance-based accountability in public higher education

funding has led to criticisms that it undermines the core

mission of universities and negatively impacts student

retention. This issue is pertinent to the Computer Engineering

Department at CSU-Carig, where limited resources affect hands-

on learning and retention rates.

As Kerby suggests, higher education must adapt to the

knowledge-based economy by fostering a resilient learning

environment through innovative and supportive measures.

Addressing these resource constraints is crucial for enhancing

student learning, adaptation, and retention, paralleling the

broader challenges in higher education highlighted by Kerby.

According to Bowles and Brindle, et. al (2017), given the

scarcity of existing research, the investigation broadened to

explore factors influencing students in higher education. A

comprehensive review was conducted, utilizing databases like

'Ebscohost', 'PsycARTICLES', 'Academic One File', as well as

the University of Melbourne's 'Discovery Search', leading to

the identification of 34 eligible studies. The factors

discovered were then categorized into three groups previously

recognized as significant for student retention: situational,

dispositional, and institutional influences.

Bowles and Brindle pointed out that 3 significant factors

were affecting student retention: situational, dispositional,

and institutional, as they have led into the identification of

the 34 eligible studies. This can be reflected in some of the

students of computer engineering at CSU-Carig in such ways

that even in the first year, there were students who dropped

out due to some reasons as what is stated in the 3 types of

factors.
 According to Giannakos, et.al (2016), numerous

individuals are eager to pursue careers in computer science,

yet little is known about the factors that influence their

decision to complete their studies in this field. Their

research aims to uncover the key drivers that shape students'

intention to persist in their computer science education. They

have identified four crucial elements: the perceived benefits

of studying computer science, the learning environment, the

perceived usefulness of the degree, and the barriers

encountered. By analyzing responses from 344 computer science

students, they have developed an eight-factor model that

explains 39% of the variance in student retention. The

findings suggest that a high level of perceived usefulness of

the degree has a positive impact on retention. Additionally,

cognitive gains and a supportive learning environment

positively influences the perceived usefulness of the degree,

while non-cognitive gains can hinder it. Lastly, negative

personal values are found to be detrimental to student

retention.

Giannakos found that the perceived usefulness of a degree

has a significant positive impact on student retention. In the

context of this research, this suggests that students in the

computer engineering department at CSU-Carig may be less

likely to persist in their studies if they do not perceive

their degree as useful or relevant. This is particularly

concerning given the limited computer engineering resources

available to students, which may hinder their ability to gain

practical experience and develop problem-solving skills.

Synthesis:

Numerous studies across different contexts consistently

highlight the detrimental impacts of lacking sufficient

practical equipment and resources for effective hands-on

learning in technical/vocational subjects. The main issues

identified include lack of practical equipment preventing

hands-on sessions, resource constraints restricting curricula

to theoretical lessons rather than interactive activities,

deficient laboratory facilities and materials hampering

inquiry-based learning, shortage of instructional aids forcing

reliance on traditional teaching methods, and a gap between

teacher training and actual practice challenging creation of

engaging environments. The consequences are far-reaching:

decreased student engagement and enjoyment, hampered skills

and critical thinking development, lower performance and

learning outcomes, student demotivation and high attrition

rates, and misalignment between educational goals and

implementation. Studies consistently recommend investing in

educational resources, equipment, and infrastructure as vital

for improving technical/vocational education quality and

fostering effective skill development. Addressing these

deficiencies is positioned as a necessity and moral imperative

to provide every student access to quality education, enhance

learning outcomes, especially in critical technical fields

essential for national development.

Local:

According to Curbano and Hernandez, et. al (2020), their

study that was conducted at the LPU Laguna and LPU-St. Cabrini

indicated that teacher care for student development and

teaching, peer group contact, interaction with faculty, and

institutional and goal dedication were found to be key factors

influencing students' retention decisions. The approach

recognized that factors outside the institution can have a

significant impact on student decisions. Individual higher

education student attrition is attributed to the following

factors: student background, organizational variables,

academic integration, social integration, environmental

variables, attitudes, grade point average (GPA), institutional

fit, institutional commitments/loyalty, and intention to leave

or persist. As a result, it is necessary to ask for comments

from students to determine retention factors about specific

areas of the institution such as importance, resources,

academics, teachers, advisory / support services, social life,

extracurricular activities, educational objectives, and

preparation for the future.

This study by Curbano and Hernandez identified key

factors influencing student retention, including teacher

care for student development, peer group contact, faculty

interaction, and institutional dedication. They also

noted that external factors such as student background,

academic and social integration, GPA, and institutional

fit play a role in student attrition. Gathering student

feedback on resources, academics, support services,

social life, extracurricular activities, and preparation

for the future is crucial for improving retention.

Similarly, in the Computer Engineering Department at CSU-

Carig, understanding and addressing these factors can

help enhance student persistence and success,

particularly by improving resources and support

mechanisms tailored to student needs.

According to Ohia, A. N. (2018). Having complete

resources in schools and universities are vital in learning.

It is the foundation of competent students, as studies proved

that lack of equipment in academe leads to declining

enrollment, decreased enjoyment, and lower performance in

subjects which could lead to lower test scores and increased

stress levels among students

This is true in the Philippines as it shows that in 2018,

15-year-old Filipino students ranked last in reading

comprehension out of 79 countries (Child Hope Philippines,

2021, August 5). The 2018 results weren’t even that far from

the recent one in 2022 (OECD, 2023, December 5). The

aforementioned statistics only proved that there are certain

factors that continuously affects the children such as

poverty, ongoing armed conflicts, and the lack of classrooms

and other infrastructures (Bai, N., 2023, August 5).

Addressing these issues requires a concerted effort from

the government, educators, and the community to ensure that

every child has access to the quality education they deserve.

Investing in educational resources and infrastructure is not

just a necessity but a moral imperative to foster a brighter

future for the next generation.

According to Collantes, et. al (2021), student teachers

face significant challenges due to a lack of instructional

materials and financial constraints, which limit their ability

to purchase necessary teaching aids. This forces them to rely

on traditional, time-consuming methods instead of modern tools

like LCDs and computers, affecting lesson effectiveness and

student engagement. The gap between university training and

actual practice further hinders their ability to create

interactive learning environments. Providing adequate

instructional materials and financial support would enhance

the quality of practice teaching and the development of

student teachers.

Collantes claims that student teachers face challenges

due to the lack of instructional materials and financial

constraints, impacting their ability to use modern teaching

aids and affecting lesson effectiveness and student

engagement. This situation is analogous to the issues in the

Computer Engineering Department at CSU-Carig, where limited

resources hinder hands-on learning and retention rates. Just

as Collantes advocates for adequate instructional materials

and financial support to improve practice teaching, addressing

resource limitations in computer engineering education is

essential for creating interactive and effective learning

environments that enhance student retention and success.

According to Zerna, et.al (2017), the key elements

that can sway student departure and persistence rates,

including the initial adjustment to university life,

academic guidance, career preparation and job placement,

learning resources and academic support, mentorship

programs, faculty training, financial assistance,

extracurricular activities, and other support services,

require sufficient focus and attention. Achieving higher

retention levels depends on the coordinated efforts of

academic and administrative departments, as well as

individual faculty and academic support teams.

Zerna (2017) stated the key factors influencing

student departure and persistence rates- this includes

the student-teachers’ initial adjustment to university

life, academic guidance, career preparation, learning

resources, academic support, mentorship programs, faculty

training, financial assistance, extracurricular

activities, and other support services. This

comprehensive approach is also relevant to the Computer

Engineering Department at CSU-Carig, where limited

resources impact hands-on learning and retention rates.

Addressing these limitations through coordinated efforts

from academic and administrative departments, along with

individual faculty and support teams, is essential for

enhancing student retention and success in the

department.

According to an article gathered from Philstar.com,

(2023), the 2023 Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report by

UNESCO highlights significant disparities in digital access

and skills among students in the Philippines. Despite positive

attitudes towards technology adoption in education by school

administrators, the lack of computers for students remains a

critical issue. The report underscores that disadvantaged

groups, particularly in rural areas, have fewer resources and

limited internet connectivity, exacerbating the digital

divide. This lack of access hampers the ability of students to

engage in learning activities that require digital devices. A

survey of Grade 10 students revealed that those in private and

urban schools possessed significantly higher digital skills

compared to their counterparts in public and rural schools.

Such disparities not only affect students' current educational

experiences but also their future opportunities in a

technology-driven world.

The report also points out the challenges faced by

teachers in integrating technology into their teaching due to

insufficient digital infrastructure. Despite the fact that

over 80 percent of teachers in the Philippines are confident

in using technology for teaching, the lack of adequate devices

severely limits their capacity to do so effectively. This gap

is particularly pronounced in public primary schools in the

southern regions, which face more obstacles in accessing and

benefiting from the national education monitoring system. The

2019 Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics (SEA-PLM) survey

revealed that while a majority of primary schools had

computers, only a small fraction of children were in

classrooms where teachers could access these devices to

support their teaching. This situation calls for urgent

measures to provide equitable access to technology in

education, a priority underscored by Vice President and

Education Secretary Sara Duterte, to bridge the digital divide

and ensure that all children in the Philippines can benefit

from the opportunities that technology offers.

Synthesis:

These studies emphasize the multifaceted nature of

student retention, which encompasses academic, social,

institutional, and societal factors. Enhancing student

retention requires a comprehensive approach that addresses

both internal dynamics within the institution and external

pressures from the larger socio-economic environment. By

prioritizing support services, fostering a supportive campus

culture, and reimagining the role of higher education in a

changing world, institutions can better serve their students

and improve retention rates.

 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides a detailed account of the

methods and steps taken regarding how this study was

conducted. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the

design of the study, sampling methods, instrument

construction, and data collection procedures.

Research Design

This study will utilized descriptive correlational

approach. Descriptive method will be used to determine

the impact of limited computer engineering resources to

the hands on learning of the students, as well as the

retention rate of the students and the significant

difference on the impact of limited computer engineering

resources when grouped according to profile variables.

Correlational method will be used to determine the

significant relationship between the impact of limited

computer engineering resources to the retention rate of

the students.

Survey technique will be employed to determine the

profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex and year

level.
Reseach Locale

This study will be conducted at the Cagayan State

University – Carig Campus, specifically within the

College of Engineering and Architecture. This location

was selected because it serves as a central hub for

Engineering and Architecture students at CSU – Carig

Campus, especially those enrolled in Computer

Engineering, who will be the respondents for this study.

The analysis will be based on quantitative data collected

from these students. However, the actual number of

respondents may vary depending on their availability

outside of regular classroom activities.

Research Respondents

The respondents for this study will be students of

Cagayan State University - Carig Campus, which will

consist of students ranging from 2nd to 4th year, who are

taking the program Computer Engineering. Due to their

direct involvement for this field of study.

The chosen respondents will comprise (40) students

for each year level (20 per section) starting from 2nd

year to 4th year, which will garner a total of (120)

respondents for the study thus utilizing quota sampling

to determine the number of respondents. The participants

will be selected through utilizing random sampling

particularly lottery method to ensure that any member of

the population will have an equal chance to be part of a

sample.

Research Instruments

To investigate the impact of limited technology on

student retention and satisfaction in the Computer

Engineering Department at Cagayan State University-Carig

Campus, an adapted questionnaire from the study of

Curbano and Hernandez (2020) was utilize to gather data.

The questionnaire was modified by the researcher to

ensure that the questionnaire is align with the research

objective,

The questionnaire was design using a 4 point likert

scale scale. Part 1 consist of the profile of the

respondents in terms of age, sex and year level. Part 2

consist of statement about the impact of limited computer

engineering resources on hands on learning.

Scale composition of the questionnaire in terms of

the impact of limited computer engineering resources on

hands on learning.

Scale Descriptive rating Range Interval

4 Strongly agree 3.25 – 4.00
3 Agree 2.50 – 3.24
2 Disagree 1.75 – 2.49
1 Strongly disagree 1.00 – 1.74
Retention rates of the students will be base on

university records.

Data Gathering Procedure

This study uses a step by step approach and will

provide valuable insights into how limited computer

engineering resources impact hands-on learning, student

retention, and satisfaction at CSU-Carig. By combining

data from surveys, questionnaires, and university

records, the study aims to enhance learning environments

and retention strategies in the Computer Engineering

Department. The detailed report resulting from this study

will be presented to university stakeholders, along with

recommendations for improvements, based on reliable and

useful data.

The researchers constructed questions comprehensively

by adapting from existing surveys and questionnaires
(Curbano and Hernandez (2020)found on reputable academic
sources.

The researchers distribute adapted surveys and questionnaires

to current Computer Engineering students at CSU-Carig and
collect responses. Also obtain secondary data from university
records, including retention rates, student profiles, and an
inventory of available learning resources.
 The researchers analyze survey and questionnaire
responses using appropriate statistical methods, and
organize secondary data for analysis.

The information collected were tallied, analyzed, and

interpreted thereafter.

Figure 2. Data Gathering procedure

Questionnaire
Directions: Please indicate your honest and complete
answers by indicating in the space given the information
asked for.
I. Profile of the Respondents
Name(Optional) ____________________
Sex: _______________ Age: ________ Grade level : ________

II. Impact of limited computer engineering resources on

hands on learning.
Directions: Check the columns which indicate your
assessment towards impact of limited computer engineering
resources on hands on learning.
4 - Strongly agree 2 – disagree

3 – Agree 1 – strongly disagre

Resource availability & 4 3 2 1

Education quality
The availability of computer
engineering resources (e.g.,
equipment, facilities) meets my
academic needs.
The limitations in computer
engineering resources affect my
decision to continue in the
program.
The limited resources in the
department hinder my ability to
perform well academically.
I believe additional resources
would significantly improve the
quality of education in the
department.
The department provides
sufficient support and guidance
to help students cope with
limited resources.
The department's efforts to
improve resource availability
are evident and effective.
The department provides
opportunities for students to
voice their concerns about
resource limitations.
I believe the department values
student feedback regarding
resource availability
I am aware of the resources
available to help me succeed
academically in the department.
I feel confident that the
department will address resource
limitations to improve student
retention.

Practical Application and Skill 4 3 2

Development 1
I am able to apply theoretical
knowledge gained in classes to
practical activities with the
available resources
The computer engineering
resources available have helped
me develop practical skills
relevant to the field.
I feel motivated to learn and
engage in hands-on activities
with the current resources.
The department's emphasis on
practical learning aligns well
with industry demands.
The department's limited
resources have positively
influenced my problem-solving
skills

Overall Satisfaction and Career 4 3 2 1

Preparation
Overall, I am satisfied with the
quality of my education in the
Computer Engineering Department.
feel adequately prepared for
future career opportunities
based on my education in the
department.
I would recommend the Computer
Engineering Department to others
based on my experience with
available resources.
Overall, I feel optimistic
about the future of the Computer
Engineering Department despite
resource limitations

Student Support and Retention 4 3 2 1

The department's efforts to
retain students, despite
resource limitations, are
effective.
I feel supported by the
department in my decision to
stay in the program.
The department encourages a sense
of belonging and community among
students, which contributes to
retention.
The department provides adequate
academic and career counseling
to help students navigate
 challenges related to limited
resources
I am satisfied with the efforts
the department is making to
retain students despite resource
challenges.

Figure 3. Survey Questionnaire

Treatment of Data

Frequency counts and percentages will be used to

determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age,

sex, and year level. Mean and standard deviation will be

utilized to determine the impact of limited computer

engineering resources on the hands-on learning of the

students. The mean will also be used to determine the

retention rate of the students.

A t-test or Mann-Whitney U test will be used to

determine the significant difference in the impact of

limited computer engineering resources on hands-on

learning when grouped according to sex.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal-Wallis H

test will be utilized to determine the impact of limited

computer engineering resources when grouped according to

age and year level.

Pearson's product-moment correlation or Spearman's

rho will be used to determine the relationship between

the impact of limited computer engineering resources and

the retention rate of the students.

 The appropriate statistical tool will be determined

based on the normality of the data, which will be

assessed upon computation.

Appendices

A. BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Foreign:

Kerby, M. B. (2015). Toward a new predictive model of student

retention in higher education. Journal of College Student
Retention, 17(2), 138–161.
International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education
Research. (2021). International Journal of Vocational and
Technical Education Research, 43–68.
Orleans, A. V. (2016). The condition of secondary school
physics education in the Philippines: Recent developments and
remaining challenges for substantive improvements. Australian
Educational Researcher, 34(1), 33–54.
Local:
Segimundo, M. (2016). Program Resources, Overall Students’
Educational Experience, and Retention: An Assessment of La
Consolacion University Philippines’ Holding Power Author.
International Journal of Education and Research, 4(8).
Curbano, R. J., & Hernandez, N. (2020). Modeling the Factors
Influencing the Retention Decision of the Students of LPU-
Laguna and LPU-St. Cabrini using Students Integration Theory.
LPU-Laguna Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol.
4(No.1).
PISA 2022 Results Factsheets Philippines. (2023). In
https://www.oecd.org. PISA. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from How
does a lack of resources in schools affect students’ academic
performance? | 5 Answers from Research papers. (n.d.).
SciSpace - Question.
Staff, C., & Staff, C. (2021, September 1). Education Issues
in the Philippines: The Ongoing Struggle. ChildHope
Philippines.
Collantes, L. (2021). Unveiling the Problems of Student
Teachers during Practice Teaching in Nueva Ecija, Region III,
Philippines. IRJE (Indonesian Research Journal in Education),
5(1), 45–62.
UNESCO: Philippines still lacking in computers for students’
learning. (2023, December 14). Philstar.com. Retrieved June 4,
2024.
Zerna,Sr., Cruz, R., & Niqui, A. (2017, April). Factors
Affecting Retention and Attrition Rates of La Consolacion
University Philippines: Examining Students’
Experiences (Sr. E. Zerna, R. Cruz, & A. Nuqui, Eds.)
[Review of Factors Affecting Retention and Attrition
Rates of La Consolacion University Philippines: Examining
Students’ Experiences]. IJTEMT.
B. Sample questionnaire
Directions: Please indicate your honest and complete
answers by indicating in the space given the information
asked for.
I. Profile of the Respondents
Name(Optional) ____________________
Sex: _______________ Age: ________ Grade level : ________

II. Impact of limited computer engineering resources on

hands on learning.
Directions: Check the columns which indicate your
assessment towards impact of limited computer engineering
resources on hands on learning.
4 - Strongly agree 2 – disagree

3 – Agree 1 – strongly disagre

Resource availability & 4 3 2 1

Education quality
The availability of computer
engineering resources (e.g.,
equipment, facilities) meets my
academic needs.
The limitations in computer
engineering resources affect my
decision to continue in the
program.
The limited resources in the
department hinder my ability to
perform well academically.
I believe additional resources
would significantly improve the
quality of education in the
department.
The department provides
sufficient support and guidance
to help students cope with
limited resources.
The department's efforts to
improve resource availability
are evident and effective.
The department provides
opportunities for students to
voice their concerns about
resource limitations.
I believe the department values
student feedback regarding
resource availability
I am aware of the resources
available to help me succeed
academically in the department.
I feel confident that the
department will address resource
limitations to improve student
retention.

Practical Application and Skill 4 3 2

Development 1
I am able to apply theoretical
knowledge gained in classes to
practical activities with the
available resources
The computer engineering
resources available have helped
me develop practical skills
relevant to the field.
I feel motivated to learn and
engage in hands-on activities
with the current resources.
The department's emphasis on
practical learning aligns well
with industry demands.
The department's limited
resources have positively
influenced my problem-solving
skills

Overall Satisfaction and Career 4 3 2 1

Preparation
Overall, I am satisfied with the
quality of my education in the
Computer Engineering Department.
feel adequately prepared for
future career opportunities
based on my education in the
department.
I would recommend the Computer
Engineering Department to others
based on my experience with
available resources.
Overall, I feel optimistic
about the future of the Computer
Engineering Department despite
resource limitations

Student Support and Retention 4 3 2 1

The department's efforts to
retain students, despite
resource limitations, are
effective.
I feel supported by the
department in my decision to
stay in the program.
The department encourages a sense
of belonging and community among
students, which contributes to
retention.
The department provides adequate
academic and career counseling
to help students navigate
challenges related to limited
resources
I am satisfied with the efforts
the department is making to
retain students despite resource
challenges.