International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)

Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 49~61

ISSN: 2252-8792, DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v12.i1.pp49-61  49

Realtime hybrid offline-online power loss analysis-based

Simulink simulation

Riny Sulistyowati, Ganesha Fikri Prawidya, Hari Agus Sujono

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,
Adhi Tama Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: The power distribution system applied in Indonesia is the radial system. The
system is considered to be the simplest and most economical. The bad or
Received Sep 8, 2022 good distribution of electrical power can be observed from the quality of the
Revised Nov 21, 2022 distribution of power supplied. Voltage has to be monitored and kept
Accepted Dec 1, 2022 constant. An analysis was conducted at Bendul Merisi Feeder which has
11 buses, to find the value of supplied power also the value of voltage drop
of each bus. The Simulink method is used to simulate and analyze active and
Keywords: reactive power at each cluster. Based on the result of the simulation analysis,
the average was obtained by adding up electrical power received every hour,
Arduino then dividing by 10, the number of buses connected to the load. The smallest
Distribution average of active power supplied to each bus happened at 09.00 a.m., i.e.
Electrical energy 112137.94 VA. The biggest value of active power supplied to each bus
Electrical power happened at 1.00 p.m., i.e. 115129.05 VA. The total voltage drop that
MATLAB occurred in the distribution supply was 224 volts or 1.12% out of 20 kV
Simulink supplied, indicating that the supply of voltage was according to the
standardized rule implemented by PLN (State Electricity Company), i.e. the
voltage drop should not exceed the maximum of 10%.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Riny Sulistyowati
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
Adhi Tama Institute of Technology
Arief Rahman Hakim 100, Sukolilo 60117, Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
Electrical energy is a form of energy that has a vital role in human daily activities. The rate of
population growth that continues to increase is directly proportional to the increase in the need for energy
capacity every year. This raises new problems for electricity providers who are required to continue to
improve the continuity of good electrical power supply services. As a provider of electricity, it is not only
generated but must be distributed to consumers. The distribution of electrical energy that starts from the
electricity provider or generator and then continues with the transmission system and ends with the usage by
consumers must be efficient, effective, and reliable [1].
The trend of the current power generation system is the formation of an interconnection system
between one power plant and another to increase the reliability of the electric power system. The reliability of
a power plant or electricity provider can be easily determined, namely by whether there are frequent
blackouts or power outages around the power plant or substation. The way to prevent blackouts or voltage
drops is to monitor every point of the power transmission line, of course, this supervision must be in real-
time or every time and every second. In line with technological advances, equipment in the distribution and
transmission network undergoes modernization and automation. There is a tool that can monitor and monitor

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every second accurately, namely the phasor measurement unit (PMU). This PMU will be able to monitor the
power, current, and voltage flowing in the distribution system [2], [3].
In this study, an online and offline monitoring system simulation was designed with the data
generated after determining the number of PMUs needed. Which will be simulated using the MATLAB
Simulink program and using Arduino. So, it is expected to show the value of voltage, power, and the current
flowing in the system. The location object that will be used in Bendul Merisi Feeder consists of 11 buses and
contributed to supplying electric power to South Surabaya Zone. The power distribution flow will be
analyzed and the result of the analysis will be concluded and explained.

2. THE COMPREHENSIVE THEORETICAL BASIS

2.1. Predeceased research
This paper provides an experiment of watt meter simulation to measure electrical parameters such as
active power, reactive power, power factor, and consumed energy [4], [5]. A watt meter is an essential device
to measure the energy consumption of each consumer house [6]–[8]. Therefore, the purpose of this research
is to design and analyze watt meter performance using three-phase system modelling. Many types of load
including resistive load (R load), resistive inductive (RL load), and resistive capacitive (RC load) have been
studied to analyze energy measurement performance [9]–[12]. In this research, energy meter modelling is
designed using Simulink MATLAB [13]–[15]. The watt meter model consists of a voltage block, current
block, load block, power factor block, and energy measurement block. Results received from the simulation
can be precisely visible in this paper. Results between simulation and calculated load show that watt meter
can receive high accuracy and efficiency [16].
In this study, an analysis of electrical power distribution will be carried out on Bendul Merisi
Feeder. This analysis was carried out on every bus in Bendul Merisi Feeder which has given phasor
measurement units (PMU) to observe voltage and current in each every bus by grouping into several clusters
which will be analyzed by using Simulink to achieve active and reactive power value in each bus. Electrical
power analysis is also carried out by using ETAP so that the results of the analysis can be compared between
mathematical calculation analysis, ETAP analysis, and also simulation analysis [17], [18]. The Analysis
results from ETAP then can be observed through other platform of device using internet of things [19]–[23].

2.2. Energy loss in distribution network

The distribution system is the system in which the power flow is connected directly to the load or
directly to the customers. The distribution system transmits power from the main transmission directly to
each consumer point. The voltage drop flows distribution system is shown in Figure 1.

2.3. Voltage drop

Voltage drop is the amount of voltage that is lost during the distribution process through a
conductor. Voltage drop V will be greater if the current flowing in the conductor is getting bigger. Voltage
drop can be analyzed by (1).

𝛥𝑉 = |𝑉𝑆 | − |𝑉𝑟 | (1)

Δ𝑉 is the difference between the voltage at sending end and the voltage at receiving end. Following
the voltage standard determined by PLN, network designs were made so that the drop voltage at the receiving
end is 10%. With voltage at sending end (𝑉𝑘 ) and voltage at receiving end (𝑉𝑇 ), voltage drop redefined by (2).

𝛥𝑉 = (𝑉𝑘 ) − (𝑉𝑇 ) (2)

Due to conductor resistance, the voltage at receiving end (𝑉𝑟 = 𝑉𝑇 ) will be smaller than the voltage
at sending end (𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑘 ), so voltage drop is also the difference between voltage at sending end and voltage at
receiving end. Voltage drop relatively called voltage regulation 𝑉𝑅 and defined by (3).
𝑉𝑆 −𝑉𝑟
𝑉𝑅 = × 100% (3)
𝑉𝑟

With 𝑉𝑠 as voltage at sending end and 𝑉𝑟 as the voltage at receiving end.

Bus injection to branch current (BIBC) and branch current to bus voltage (BCBV) matrixes formed
based on the distribution system topology structure below 2. BIBC matrix defines a relation between bus
injection current and branch current. BCBV matrix defines a relation between branch current and bus
voltage. Figure 2 shows the single line diagram example of the branched bus.

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Figure 1. Flow chart of voltage drop flow [24]

Figure 2. Single line diagram example [25]

From the displayed single line diagram then get an equation to form a BIBC matrix, by using the
Kirchoff Law of current (Kirchoff Current Law).

𝐵1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 (4)

𝐵2 = 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 + 𝐼6 (5)

𝐵3 = 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 (6)

𝐵4 = 𝐼5 (7)

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𝐵5 = 𝐼6 (8)

By equations, concluded following BIBC matrix form (9).

𝐵1 1 1 1 1 1 𝐼2
𝐵2 0 1 1 1 1 𝐼3
𝐵3 = 0 0 1 1 0 𝐼4 (9)
𝐵4 0 0 0 1 0 𝐼5
[𝐵5 ] [0 0 0 0 1] [𝐼6 ]

Number 1 expresses the relation between the current and channel while number 0 express no
relation between both. By simplification will be received (14).

[𝐵] = [𝐵𝐼𝐵𝐶][𝐼] (10)

Then the equation of voltage drop in each bus:

𝑉2 = 𝑉1 − 𝐵1 × 𝑍12 (11)

𝑉3 = 𝑉1 − 𝐵1 × 𝑍12 − 𝐵2 × 𝑍23 (12)

𝑉4 = 𝑉1 − 𝐵1 × 𝑍12 − 𝐵2 × 𝑍23 − 𝐵3 × 𝑍34 (13)

𝑉5 = 𝑉1 − 𝐵1 × 𝑍12 − 𝐵2 × 𝑍23 − 𝐵3 × 𝑍34 − 𝐵4 × 𝑍45 (14)

𝑉6 = 𝑉1 − 𝐵1 × 𝑍12 − 𝐵2 × 𝑍23 − 𝐵5 × 𝑍36 (15)

By equations, concluded following BCBV matrix form:

𝑉1 − 𝑉2 𝑍12 0 0 0 0 𝐵1
𝑉1 − 𝑉3 𝑍12 𝑍23 0 0 0 𝐵2
𝑉1 − 𝑉4 = 𝑍12 𝑍23 𝑍34 0 0 𝐵3 (16)
𝑉1 − 𝑉5 𝑍12 𝑍23 𝑍34 𝑍45 0 𝐵4
[𝑉1 − 𝑉6 ] [𝑍12 𝑍23 0 0 𝑍36 ] [𝐵5 ]

By simplification will be received the (17).

[Δ𝑉] = [𝐵𝐶𝐵𝑉][𝐵] (17)

Then equation to determine Δ𝑉 as (18).

[Δ𝑉] = [𝐵𝐶𝐵𝑉][𝐵𝐼𝐵𝐶][𝐼]

[Δ𝑉] = [𝐷𝐿𝐹][𝐼] (18)

Matrix [Δ𝑉] is to determine the voltage drop from the source bus to the load bus in the system. By
receiving the BIBC matrix, the BCBV matrix and Δ𝑉 will be able to calculate the voltage value in each bus.
The equation to calculate the voltage value in each bus is as (19).

[𝑉𝑖 ] = [𝑉1 ] − [Δ𝑉] (19)

3. RESEARCH METHOD
3.1. System block diagram
Block diagram describing the operation of the monitoring system and online-offline system using
Simulink and Arduino. Figure 3 shows the system block diagram. Hybrid online-offline system in Bendul
Merisi Feeder distribution network consists of five main blocks, such as feeder data which is received voltage
and current. Analog signal input is used to represent the current and voltage value of data. Arduino is utilized
to read analog signals resulting from 5 V voltage input which will be input in the designed simulation.
Simulink simulation, result, feeder data sample received after detecting PMU used will be simulated in
Simulink. Offline data is received from feeder data previously designed and simulated with ETAP, then the
next data, online data, is received by sensor input of hardware. Both data will be simulated with Simulink.

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Figure 3. System block diagram

3.2. Feeder data

Processed data of research comes from one of the Bendul Merisi Feeders. The feeder is concentrated
in Wonokromo main substation with radial distribution system. Utilization of the radial system dated back to
the first distribution network system in Indonesia. Bendul Merisi Feeder consists of 11 buses with 1 main bus
directly supplied by the main substation. Figure 4 shows the single line diagram of the feeder.

Figure 4. Single line diagram of Bendul Merisi Feeder

3.3. Online offline hybrid system flowchart

Hybrid online offline system process flow is separated into two scenarios, which are: data and
designing and testing on ETAP and hardware, then hybrid system designing in Simulink into hybrid system
testing of system software and hardware in Simulink. The received database is data from ETAP design so the
value of power, voltage, and current in each chosen bus is compatible with the single line diagram of the
Bendul Merisi Feeder. Later, designed hardware referred to values displayed by PMU in each bus.
Realtime hybrid offline-online power loss analysis-based Simulink simulation (Riny Sulistyowati)
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Data will be processed by ETAP to receive values of system power flow. With ETAP design also to be
received values of current, voltage, active power, and reactive power detected in each bus are adjusted to single
line diagram. The values will become the database source of the simulation. Figure 5 shows the test flowchart.

Figure 5. Data designing and testing also hardware designing flowchart

3.3.1. Hardware designing and testing

Potentiometer utilized to detect 5 V voltage input which will be converted into an analog signal where
0 at 0 V and 1023 at 5 V. Analog signal transmitted to ADC port of Arduino connected to personal computer.
ADC signal processed with Simulink to receive voltage and current value compatible or close to data from
Bendul Merisi Feeder to find active power, and reactive power in each bus of each chosen cluster. Ten
potentiometer to receive 5 V input supply from Arduino utilized to detect voltage input from Arduino.
Analog signal utilized as input value to be processed in Simulink software so voltage and current value are
received and compatible to values of data from Bendul Merisi Feeder.

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3.4. Calculation analysis procedure

The calculation analysis procedure: i) Step 1: Construct a single line diagram in ETAP complete with
line impedance and load; ii) Step 2: Record voltage, current active power, and reactive power data received
from the ETAP simulation run; iii) Step 3: Calculate with power formula to find active power (P) and reactive
power (Q) using data from steps 1 and 2; iv) Step 4: Calculate the total power received from step 3 with the total
power calculation of each cluster; v) Step 5: Calculate the voltage drop of the feeder distribution system with
load data and impedance value; and vi) Step 6: Design estimation simulation using Simulink with calculated
data. Figure 6 shows the Simulink software design.

Figure 6. Overall Simulink software design part 1

Figure 7. Overall Simulink software design part 2

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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Load flow analysis using ETAP
According to the [25] research analysis from simulation started with using ETAP to analyze the load
flow of the Bendul Merisi Feeder. Load flow results from initial data received with the condition where
voltage assumed in balance with no load so the voltage used are 20 kV. Peak load data with line impedance
according to the research of Mochamad Ali Fichan Baihaqi, the following Table 1 shows load data and line
impedance that will be analyzed and simulated to find active power (P) and reactive power (Q) in each bus.
There is sin 𝜑 value of 0.6, which was received by the following calculation:

cos 𝜑 = 0.8 (20)

𝜑 = arccos 0.8 = 36.87° (21)

sin 𝜑 = sin 36.87° = 0.6 (22)

Table 1. Peak load value based on measurement from Bendul Merisi Feeder
Bus Line Impedance Bus S (kW) V (Volt) I (Ampere) cos 𝜑 sin 𝜑
Z12 0.07861+0.02931i 2 745 19913 21.4 0.8 0.6
Z23 0.05553+0.02071i 3 208 19910 6 0.8 0.6
Z24 0.19424+0.07244i 4 496 19869 14.2 0.8 0.6
Z45 0.09788+0.03650i 5 483 19832 13.8 0.8 0.6
Z56 0.23836+0.08889i 6 319 19801 9.1 0.8 0.6
Z67 0.39681+0.14724i 7 689 19793 19.7 0.8 0.6
Z68 0.2776+0.10355i 8 290 19783 8.3 0.8 0.6
Z89 0.04869+0.01816i 9 455 19768 13 0.8 0.6
Z910 0.13845+0.05163 10 350 19760 10 0.8 0.6
Z1011 0.27005+0.10071i 11 363 19755 10.4 0.8 0.6

4.2. Calculation analysis with power triangle

The next step is to find active power and reactive power value by using mathematical calculation
using the power triangle method described with the formula:

𝑃 = √3 𝑉𝐼 cos 𝜑 (23)

𝑄 = √3 𝑉𝐼 sin 𝜑 (24)

By the rules of PLN, it is not allowed to connect the load to bus 1, since bus 1 becomes the
connector between Line from the main substation to the load feeder. Therefore, loads started and connected
to bus 2, so the load calculation started from bus 2 to bus 11 on Bendul Merisi Feeder transmission system.
From the described formula above, here is the calculation result of active power and reactive power.
Example: bus 2

𝑃 = √3 × 19913 × 21,4 × 0.8 = 589.775 𝑘𝑊

𝑄 = √3 × 19913 × 21.4 × 0.6 = 442.331 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅

Bus 3 𝑃 = √3 × 19910 × 6 × 0.8 = 165.333 𝑘𝑊

𝑄 = √3 × 19910 × 6 × 0.6 = 123.999 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅

Voltage value can be changed to pu unit by knowing the measured percentage value (%volt) and then divided
by 100%, as the following formula:

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (%)

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑝. 𝑢. ) =
100%

and with the formula above, the voltage data is calculated in Table 2.

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The next step is Table 2 to enable ETAP simulation to get voltage and current values that flow in
each bus of Bendul Merisi Feeder and also active power (P) and reactive power (Q). The simulation result of
ETAP will be utilized to calculate total active power and reactive power in each cluster. Table 3 shows the
ETAP simulation running result of voltage and current also active and reactive power from received data
after load value input in each bus.
From Table 3 is the bus member data of each cluster with the calculation of total active power (P)
and reactive power (Q) on each cluster. P and Q value data is shown in the following Table 4 of bus member
data in each cluster:
− Cluster 1
On first cluster, bus members including bus 2, bus 3, and bus 4. Here is the calculation:

𝑃𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟1 = 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠2 + 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠3 + 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = 591 𝑘𝑊 + 165 𝑘𝑊 + 392 𝑘𝑊 = 1148 𝑘𝑊

𝑄𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟1 = 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠2 + 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠3 + 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠4 = 443 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 + 124 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 + 294 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 = 851 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟

− Cluster 2
On second cluster, bus members include bus 5, bus 6, bus 7, and bus 8. Here is the calculation:

𝑃𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟2 = 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠5 + 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠6 + 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠7 + 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠8 = 380 𝑘𝑊 + 250 𝑘𝑊 + 540 𝑘𝑊 + 227 𝑘𝑊 = 1137 𝑘𝑊

𝑄𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟2 = 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠5 + 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠6 + 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠7 + 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠8 = 285 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 + 188 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 + 405 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 + 170 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟
= 1048 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟

− Cluster 3
On third cluster, bus members including bus 9, bus 10, and bus 11. Here is the calculation:

𝑃𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟3 = 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠9 + 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠10 + 𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑠11 = 356 𝑘𝑊 + 273 𝑘𝑊 + 283 𝑘𝑊 = 912 𝑘𝑊

𝑄𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟3 = 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠9 + 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠10 + 𝑄𝑏𝑢𝑠11 = 267 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 + 205 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 + 213 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟 = 685 𝑘𝑉𝑎𝑟

Table 2. Voltage Data in p.u. unit

Bus Load V Measured Voltage
(kVA) (Volt) voltage (%) (p.u.)
2 745 19913 99.57% 0.9957
3 208 19910 99.55% 0.9955
4 496 19869 99.35% 0.9935
5 483 19832 99.16% 0.9916
6 319 19801 99.01% 0.9901
7 689 19793 98.97% 0.9897
8 290 19783 98.92% 0.9892
9 455 19768 98.84% 0.9848
10 350 19760 98.80% 0.9880
11 363 19755 98.78% 0.9878

Table 3. ETAP Simulation running result data

Bus Load (kVA) Voltage (V) Current (A) Active power (P) Reactive power (Q)
1 0 19968 125.8 3486 2606
2 745 19913 21.4 591 443
3 208 19910 6 165 124
4 496 19869 14.2 392 294
5 483 19832 13.8 380 285
6 319 19801 9.1 250 188
7 689 19793 19.7 540 405
8 290 19783 8.3 227 170
9 455 19768 13 356 267
10 350 19760 10 273 205
11 363 19755 10.4 283 213

Table 4. Bus member data in each cluster

Cluster Bus member Total bus PMU
1 Bus 2, bus 3, and bus 4 3 Bus 2
2 Bus 5, bus 6, bus 7, and bus 8 4 Bus 6
3 Bus 9, bus 10, and bus 11 3 Bus 10

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4.3. System simulation test

The next step after active power and reactive power calculation in each cluster is to apply the designed
simulation system to Simulink to calculate active power and reactive power in each bus and the total active
power and reactive power in each cluster. Simulation result of cluster 1: Figure 7 shows the simulation result for
cluster 1 at bus 2 and bus 3. Analog input and analog input1 represent the voltage value and current value of
bus 2. Analog input2 and analog input3 represent voltage value and current from bus 3. Table 5 shows the
simulation result with each data of voltage, current, active power, and reactive power of each bus.

Figure 8. Simulation result for cluster 1 at bus 2 and bus 3

Table 5. Simulation results

Bus Load (kVA) Voltage (V) Current (A) Active power (P) Reactive power (Q)
2 745 19916.96 21.41 590102.187 442576.66
3 208 19843.646 6.183 169801.703 127351.281
4 496 19868.084 14.174 389748.125 292311.094
5 483 19819.21 13.81 378734.47 284050.844
6 319 19794.77 9.091 249053.984 186790.484
7 689 19745.894 19.721 538952.437 404214.344
8 290 19770.332 8.235 225342.922 169007.203
9 455 19770.33 13.009 355734.219 266800.687
10 350 19745.894 10.019 273817.219 205362.906
11 363 19745.894 10.41 284502.75 213377.078

4.4. Simulation accuracy analysis

The accuracy analysis purpose is to determine the error level in percentage from the designed
simulation and as success determination of the designed simulation. Table 6 is error results received in
percentage between the calculation of with the power triangle method and simulation. It is concluded that
from Table 6, the average error between mathematical calculation with power triangle method and simulation
for active power is 0.435% and for reactive power is 0.426%. Then average error between ETAP running and
simulation result is 0.618% for active power and 0.556% for reactive power. This shows that the designed
simulation system enables one to do a simulation to find active power value and reactive power in each bus
on Bendul Merisi Feeder.

4.5. Voltage drop calculation analysis

After determining the total active power (P) and total reactive power (Q) of each cluster then
calculate the voltage drop that occurred while the transmission process with data from Table 3. Drop voltage

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calculation was utilized to determine loss voltage while the transmission process happened. Here is the drop
voltage calculation, voltage relative fall, and voltage phasor fall of each bus:

𝑉𝑆 − 𝑉𝑟 𝑋
𝑉𝑘 = 𝑉𝑆 ; 𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉𝑟 ; Δ𝑉 = 𝑉𝑘 − 𝑉𝑟 ; 𝑉𝑅 = × 100%; 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠 = tan−1 ; 𝑉𝑑 = 𝐼11 (𝑅 cos 𝜃 + 𝑋 sin 𝜃)
𝑉𝑟 𝑅

From calculation based on the formula above, the voltage drop value determined in the following Table 7.

Table 6. Error result of accuracy comparison between power triangle calculation with simulation
Bus Load (kVA) Power triangle calculation
Active power %Error Reactive power %Error
Calculation Simulation Calculation Simulation
2 745 589775 590102.187 0.055 442331 442576.66 0.056
3 208 165333 169801.703 2.703 123999 127351.281 2.703
4 496 390841 389748.125 0.280 292861 292311.094 0.188
5 483 378775 378734.47 0.011 284082 284050.844 0.011
6 319 249382 249053.984 0.132 187036 186790.484 0.131
7 689 539652 538952.437 0.130 404739 404214.344 0.130
8 290 227251 225342.922 0.840 170438 169007.203 0.839
9 455 355666 355734.219 0.019 266749 266800.687 0.019
10 350 273478 273817.219 0.124 205109 205362.906 0.124
11 363 284346 284502.75 0.055 213259 213377.078 0.055
Average %Error 0.435 Average %Error 0.426

Table 7. Voltage drop, regulation of voltage drop, and phasor voltage drop data
Bus Load Voltage Voltage drop Voltage drop regulation Voltage drop phasor
(kVA) (V) (V) (%) (V)
2 745 19913 55 0.276 1.793
3 208 19910 3 0.0151 0.35562
4 496 19869 44 0.2214 2.94366
5 483 19832 37 0.1866 1.441
6 319 19801 31 0.1565 2.3147
7 689 19793 8 0.0404 8.34
8 290 19783 18 0.09098 2.46
9 455 19768 15 0.076 0.6747
10 350 19760 8 0.04047 1.477
11 363 19755 5 0.0253 2.997

4.6. System simulation testing

To configure whether the simulation system working or not, the system will be tested to determine
active power (P) and reactive power (Q) on Bendul Merisi Feeder distribution system. The testing will be
done by calculating the active power and reactive power value from data received which is voltage and
current data every 6 hours, and the role of this simulation is to calculate the active power and reactive power
value of each hour from received data. The following Table 8 are voltage and current data that will be tested.
Table 8 contain Voltage and Current also load will be calculated as active power and reactive power
value using a designed simulation. The result of the simulation contains calculation results using a simulation
that displays active power (P) and reactive power (Q) on each bus of each cluster.

Table 8. Voltage and current data in 8.00–10.00 (GMT+7)

Bus 1 1 1
8.00 10.00 13.00
kVA V I kVA V I kVA V I
2 762 19898 21.9 766 19897 22 770 19896 22.1
3 208 19895 6 209 19895 6 213 19894 6.1
4 539 19845 15.4 541 19844 15.5 545 19843 15.6
5 539 19799 15.4 540 19798 15.4 545 19797 15.6
6 375 19760 10.7 377 19759 10.8 379 19757 10.8
7 834 19750 23.8 836 19748 23.8 842 19746 24
8 349 19736 9.9 353 19734 10.1 355 19733 10.1
9 549 19716 15.6 554 19715 15.8 565 19713 16.1
10 558 19704 15.9 567 19702 16.1 565 19700 16.1
11 458 19698 13 457 19696 13 460 19694 13.1

Realtime hybrid offline-online power loss analysis-based Simulink simulation (Riny Sulistyowati)
60  ISSN: 2252-8792

5. CONCLUSION
From the system designing that has already been done, obtained a few conclusions average results of
analysis result difference for active power simulation between calculation with simulation is 0.435%, while
for reactive power between calculation with simulation is 0.426%. For average analysis, the result is different
from the comparison of ETAP result with simulation result for active power received value of 0.618% while
for reactive power 0.556%.
Voltage drops occurred in the distribution line of Bendul Merisi Feeder have a 224 volt total value.
Following the PLN voltage standard, voltage drops have a maximum of 10% and at the Bendul Merisi Feeder
distribution system, a 20 kV voltage drop recorded with a 1.12% value so the voltage drop is still fulfilled the
criteria. At active power and reactive power data retrieval time separated from each bus to 6 hours, where the
average power received by all buss minimum is 112137.94 VA at 9.00 AM (GMT+7) and the average power
received by all bus maximum is 115129.05 VA at 13.00 (GMT+07).

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Riny Sulistyowati currently working as Head of Department in the Electrical

Engineering Department of Adhi Tama Institute of Technology, Surabaya. She received a
Bachelor's Degree with Honours in 1995 in Electrical Engineering from Adhi Tama Institute
of Technology, Surabaya. In 2009 she received an M.T (Master of Engineering) and Doctor of
Engineering in 2021 from Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya. Her main
research directions include renewable energy, power quality, and artificial intelligence. She
can be contacted at email: [email protected].

Ganesha Fikri Prawidya has been at Adhi Tama Institute of Technology, Surabaya
since 2014. He received his S.T (Bachelor of Engineering) from Adhi Tama Institute of
Technology in 2017. He has contributed to research along with a few people and published a few
publications on his area of expertise. He can be contacted at email: [email protected].

Hari Agus Sujono currently working as Head of the Faculty of Electrical

Engineering and Information Technology of Adhi Tama Institute of Technology, Surabaya. In
1986 he received the Bachelor's Degree in Electrical Engineering from Sepuluh November
Institute of Surabaya. He received a Master of Science in 1991 from Institut Teknologi
Bandung and a Doctor from Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya. His
research interest is in power electronics, power engineering computing, and power engineering
computing. He can be contacted at email: [email protected].

Realtime hybrid offline-online power loss analysis-based Simulink simulation (Riny Sulistyowati)