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Experiment 3 - Three Phase Induction Motor

MOTOR

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zelalemb2119
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57 views6 pages

Experiment 3 - Three Phase Induction Motor

MOTOR

Uploaded by

zelalemb2119
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 3

Test on three phase induction motor

I. Objective
 To determine the equivalent circuit parameters of an induction motor.
 To determine the rotational losses of the motor

II. Apparatus required

III. Theory
1. DC resistance test: is used to determine the stator resistance (R1) using voltmeter ammeter
method.
V dc 3V dc
R1=
2 I dc
, for star-stator winding, and R1=
2 I dc
,for delta-stator winding.
2. No load test:The no load test is similar to the open circuit test on a transformer. It is
performed to obtain the magnetizing branch parameters (shunt parameters) in the induction
machine equivalent circuit. In this test, the motor is allowed to run with no-load at the rated
voltage of rated frequency across its terminals. Machine will rotate at almost synchronous
speed, which makes slip nearly equal to zero. This causes the equivalent rotor impedance to
be very large (theoretically infinite neglecting the frictional and rotational losses).
Therefore, the rotor equivalent impedance can be considered to be an open circuit which
reduces the equivalent circuit diagram of the induction machine (Fig. 1) to the circuit as
shown in Fig. 2.

Figure 1: The per-phase equivalent circuit of an induction motor

Figure 2: Equivalent circuit for no-load test

Hence, the data obtained from this test will give information on the stator and the
magnetizing branch. The no load parameters can be found from the voltmeter, ammeter,
and wattmeter readings obtained when the machine is run at no load.

The stator copper losses are given by PSCL = 3I12R1


So the input power must equalPin, nl= PSCL + Pcore + PF&W + Pmisc
= 3 I 12, nlR1 + Prot
Where Protis the rotational losses of the motor:
Prot = Pcore + PF&W + Pmisc
The per phase equivalent input impedance is given by
V ɸ, nl
Znl = ≈ X1 + X m
I 1 ,nl

WhereVɸ,nl = per phase voltage, Iɸ,nl = per phase current, R1 = per phase stator resistance,

X1 = per phase stator reactance and Xm = per phase magnetizing reactance.

3. Blocked rotor test: Blocked rotor test is similar to the short circuit test on a transformer. It
is performed to calculate the series parameters of the induction machine i.e., its leakage
impedances. The rotor is blocked to prevent rotation and balanced voltages are applied to
the stator terminals at a frequency of 25 percent of the rated frequency at a voltage where
the rated current is achieved. Under the reduced voltage condition and rated current, core
loss and magnetizing component of the current are quite small percent of the total current,
equivalent circuit reduces to the form shown in Fig. 3.

Figure 3. Equivalent Circuit for Blocked Rotor Test

The slip for the blocked rotor test is unity since the rotor is stationary and the resistance of the
rotor branch of the equivalent circuit becomes very small (i.e. R2/sis just equal to R2). Thus,
the rotor current is much larger than current in the excitation branch of the circuit such that the
excitation branch can be neglected. Voltage and power are measured at the motor input.
The per phase equivalent impedance of the motor is given by

V ɸ, br
Zbr = = Rbr + Xbr
I 1 ,br

The per phase equivalent blocked rotor resistance is given by

P br
Rbr = 2 = R 1 + R2
I 1 , br

The per phase equivalent blocked rotor reactance is given by

X br
Xbr = √ Z br −¿ R ¿ = X1 + X2 , for wound rotor X1 = X2 =
2 2
br
2

P ¿, br
Where, Pbr = per phase power (i.e. Pbr= )
3

R2 = per phase rotor resistance and X2 = per phase rotor reactance

IV. Procedure
No load test
1. Determine the meters and their ratings based on the name plate readings of the machine
and requirement.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure below.
3. Set the variac to be at zero output.
4. Switch on the 3ф supply and gradually increase the voltage applied to the machine to the
rated voltage. Motor runs at a speed quite close to its synchronous speed.
5. Take the reading of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on that particular voltage on the
variac and make a table.
Blocked rotor test
1. Determine the meters and their ratings based on the name plate readings of the machine
and requirement.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure below.

3. Set the variac to be at zero output.


4. Now, keeping the rotor still (block the rotor from running), slowly increase the
autotransformer output until rated current flows (Typically, this happens at 25% of the
rated voltage).
5. Take the ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeter readings and tabulate.
V. Observation table
No Load Test Blocked Rotor Test
Voltage Vnl Current Inl Power Pin.nl VoltageVbr Current Ibr Power Pin,br
(Volt) (Amp) (watt) (Volt) (Amp) (watt)
DC Test
Voltage Vdc (volt) Current Idc (amp)

VI. Result
Per phase stator resistance, R1 = _________ ohm
Per phase stator reactance, X1 = _________ ohm
Per phase rotor resistance, R2 = _________ ohm
Per phase rotor reactance, X2 = _________ ohm
Per phase magnetizing reactance, Xm = _________ ohm
The rotational losses of the motor, Prot = _________ watt

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