Scribd
Upload
14 views4 pages

Grade 11 Math

Zgfrjbffk

Uploaded by

Jay-Ann Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views4 pages

Grade 11 Math

Zgfrjbffk

Uploaded by

Jay-Ann Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Great! Let's start with an introduction to functions.

Introduction to Functions
Definition of a Function: A function is a special type of relation where each input (often called
the independent variable or xxx) is related to exactly one output (often called the dependent
variable or yyy).
Function Notation: Functions are often written as f(x)f(x)f(x). Here, fff is the name of the
function, and xxx is the input value. The output is f(x)f(x)f(x).
For example, if we have a function defined by f(x)=2x+3f(x) = 2x + 3f(x)=2x+3, then:
 f(1)=2(1)+3=5f(1) = 2(1) + 3 = 5f(1)=2(1)+3=5
 f(2)=2(2)+3=7f(2) = 2(2) + 3 = 7f(2)=2(2)+3=7
Difference Between Functions and Relations:
 Relation: Any set of ordered pairs (x,y)(x, y)(x,y).
 Function: A relation where each input xxx has exactly one output yyy.
Examples of Functions and Non-Functions:
 Function: f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2f(x)=x2 (Each xxx maps to exactly one
yyy).
 Non-Function: The relation {(1,2),(1,3)}\{(1, 2), (1, 3)\}{(1,2),(1,3)}
(The input 1 maps to two different outputs, 2 and 3).
Types of Functions
1. Linear Functions:
o Form: f(x)=mx+bf(x) = mx + bf(x)=mx+b
o Graph: A straight line.
o Example: f(x)=2x+1f(x) = 2x + 1f(x)=2x+1
2. Quadratic Functions:
o Form: f(x)=ax2+bx+cf(x) = ax^2 + bx + cf(x)=ax2+bx+c
o Graph: A parabola.
o Example: f(x)=x2−4x+4f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 4f(x)=x2−4x+4
3. Polynomial Functions:
o Form: f(x)=anxn+an−1xn−1+…+a1x+a0f(x) = a_nx^n + a_{n-
1}x^{n-1} + \ldots + a_1x + a_0f(x)=anxn+an−1xn−1+…+a1
x+a0
o Graph: Varies based on the degree nnn.
o Example: f(x)=x3−3x2+2xf(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 +
2xf(x)=x3−3x2+2x
4. Exponential Functions:
o Form: f(x)=a⋅bxf(x) = a \cdot b^xf(x)=a⋅bx
o Graph: Rapidly increasing or decreasing curve.
o Example: f(x)=2xf(x) = 2^xf(x)=2x
5. Logarithmic Functions:
o Form: f(x)=log⁡b(x)f(x) = \log_b(x)f(x)=logb(x)
o Graph: Inverse of exponential functions.
o Example: f(x)=log⁡2(x)f(x) = \log_2(x)f(x)=log2(x)

Domain and Range


 Domain: The set of all possible input values (xxx) for the function.
 Range: The set of all possible output values (yyy) for the function.
Example: For the function f(x)=xf(x) = \sqrt{x}f(x)=x:
 Domain: x≥0x \geq 0x≥0 (since we can't take the square root of a
negative number).
 Range: y≥0y \geq 0y≥0 (since the square root function only gives non-
negative outputs).
Transformations of Functions
1. Translations: Shifting the graph horizontally or vertically.
o Horizontal: f(x−h)f(x - h)f(x−h)
o Vertical: f(x)+kf(x) + kf(x)+k
2. Reflections: Flipping the graph over the x-axis or y-axis.
o Over x-axis: −f(x)-f(x)−f(x)
o Over y-axis: f(−x)f(-x)f(−x)

o Vertical stretch/compression: af(x)af(x)af(x) (if ∣a∣>1|a| > 1∣a∣>1,


3. Stretches and Compressions:

o Horizontal stretch/compression: f(bx)f(bx)f(bx) (if ∣b∣>1|b| >


it's a stretch; if 0<∣a∣<10 < |a| < 10<∣a∣<1, it's a compression).

1∣b∣>1, it's a compression; if 0<∣b∣<10 < |b| < 10<∣b∣<1, it's a


stretch).
Let's go over an example involving a quadratic function and its transformations.
Example: Quadratic Function and Transformations
Basic Quadratic Function: The standard form of a quadratic function is f(x)=ax2+bx+cf(x) =
ax^2 + bx + cf(x)=ax2+bx+c.
Let's start with a simple quadratic function: f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2f(x)=x2
Graph of f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2f(x)=x2:
 The graph is a parabola opening upwards.
 The vertex (lowest point) is at (0, 0).

Transformations
1. Vertical Translation:
o Move the graph up or down.
o Example: g(x)=x2+3g(x) = x^2 + 3g(x)=x2+3
o The graph of g(x)g(x)g(x) is the same parabola shifted 3 units up.
2. Horizontal Translation:
o Move the graph left or right.
o Example: h(x)=(x−2)2h(x) = (x - 2)^2h(x)=(x−2)2
o The graph of h(x)h(x)h(x) is the same parabola shifted 2 units to
the right.
3. Vertical Stretch/Compression:
o Stretch or compress the graph vertically.
o Example: j(x)=2x2j(x) = 2x^2j(x)=2x2
o The graph of j(x)j(x)j(x) is the same parabola but stretched
vertically by a factor of 2 (it becomes narrower).
4. Horizontal Stretch/Compression:
o Stretch or compress the graph horizontally.
o Example: k(x)=(0.5x)2k(x) = (0.5x)^2k(x)=(0.5x)2
o The graph of k(x)k(x)k(x) is the same parabola but stretched
horizontally by a factor of 2 (it becomes wider).
5. Reflection:
o Flip the graph over the x-axis or y-axis.
o Example: m(x)=−x2m(x) = -x^2m(x)=−x2
o The graph of m(x)m(x)m(x) is the same parabola flipped over the
x-axis (it opens downwards).
Combining Transformations
Transformations can be combined to modify the graph in multiple ways. For example:
n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3n(x) = -2(x - 1)^2 + 3n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3
This function involves several transformations:
1. Horizontal Translation: Shift 1 unit to the right (because of (x−1)(x -
1)(x−1)).
2. Vertical Stretch: Stretch by a factor of 2 (because of the 2 in front of
the x2x^2x2).
3. Reflection: Reflect over the x-axis (because of the negative sign).
4. Vertical Translation: Shift 3 units up (because of the +3).
Vertex Form of a Quadratic Function: A useful form for understanding transformations is the
vertex form: f(x)=a(x−h)2+kf(x) = a(x - h)^2 + kf(x)=a(x−h)2+k where (h,k)(h, k)(h,k) is the
vertex of the parabola.
Example: For n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3n(x) = -2(x - 1)^2 + 3n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3:
 Vertex: (1, 3)
 The parabola opens downwards (negative aaa value).
 It's vertically stretched by a factor of 2.
 It's shifted 1 unit to the right and 3 units up.
Would you like to see how these transformations are applied on a graph or need help with
another specific type of function?
4o

Yes

ChatGPT

Let's graph the transformations of the quadratic function step by step.


Step-by-Step Graphing of n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3n(x) = -2(x - 1)^2 +
3n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3
1. Start with the basic quadratic function f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2f(x)=x2:
o This is a parabola with its vertex at (0, 0), opening upwards.
2. Horizontal Translation (x−1)2(x - 1)^2(x−1)2:
o Shift the graph 1 unit to the right.
o The new vertex is at (1, 0).
3. Vertical Stretch by a factor of 2: 2(x−1)22(x - 1)^22(x−1)2:
o Stretch the graph vertically.
o The parabola becomes narrower, but the vertex remains at (1, 0).
4. Reflection over the x-axis: −2(x−1)2-2(x - 1)^2−2(x−1)2:
o Reflect the graph across the x-axis.
o The parabola now opens downwards, with the vertex still at (1,
0).
5. Vertical Translation +3+3+3:
o Shift the graph 3 units up.
o The new vertex is at (1, 3).
I will graph these transformations for clarity.

Here's the graph showing the transformations of the quadratic function:


1. f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2f(x)=x2 (dashed line) - The basic quadratic
function.
2. g(x)=(x−1)2g(x) = (x - 1)^2g(x)=(x−1)2 (dashed line) - Shifted 1
unit to the right.
3. h(x)=2(x−1)2h(x) = 2(x - 1)^2h(x)=2(x−1)2 (dashed line) -
Vertically stretched by a factor of 2.
4. j(x)=−2(x−1)2j(x) = -2(x - 1)^2j(x)=−2(x−1)2 (dashed line) -
Reflected over the x-axis.
5. n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3n(x) = -2(x - 1)^2 + 3n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3 (solid
black line) - Shifted 3 units up, resulting in the final transformed
function.
The red dot at (1, 3) marks the vertex of the final function n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3n(x) = -2(x - 1)^2 +
3n(x)=−2(x−1)2+3.
Feel free to ask if you need further explanations or if you want to explore other examples or
types of functions!

You might also like