Introduction to LabVIEW

Objective
The experimental objective of this lab is to use LabVIEW to design a heating and cooling system and
a lighting system and to test both systems. Building these systems will demonstrate the potential for
using simulated instruments in a laboratory. These programs will also obtain data from outside the
computer and incorporate it into a program design.

Overview
The Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a development
environment designed by National Instruments that creates graphic-based programs called virtual
instruments (VIs) that simulate actual laboratory instruments. A VI consists of two parts: a front panel
and a back panel (Figure 1). The front panel allows the user to interact with the VI by displaying
outputs and allowing the user to supply the program with inputs. The back panel consists of the
code used by the VI to obtain inputs from the front panel, operate on the inputs, and display the
results.

Figure 1: Front Panel (Left) and Back Panel (Right)

The front panel is built using controls and indicators. Controls are inputs that allow a user to supply
information to the VI. Indicators are outputs that display the results based on the inputs given to the
VI. Controls can be switches, knobs, dials, and buttons. Indicators can be meters, gauges, LEDs,
and displays. These are located on the Controls palette and are placed on the front panel (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Controls Palette
The back panel, which is also known as the block diagram, contains the graphic-based source code.
The environment of the back panel is navigated using the Tools palette (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Tools Palette

In Figure 3, only the icons in colored boxed will be used in this experiment. The operating
tool changes the value of a control (such as a switch or LED). The positioning tool positions,
resizes, and selects objects. The labeling tool is used to create and edit all labels in the VI, such as
the name of a Boolean control. The wiring tool wires objects together on the back panel.
The scrolling tool allows scrolling the window by clicking and dragging.
All of the objects placed on the front panel will appear on the back panel as terminals. Terminals are
the ports that exchange information between the front panel and back panel, and appear with small
triangles in the icons to indicate that they can be used to process information (Figure 4). A control
terminal has the triangle to the right to indicate that it sends data to be processed. An indicator
terminal has the triangle to the left to indicate that it receives data.

Figure 4: Control and Indicator Terminals

The back panel also contains structures and functions that perform operations on controls and
supply data to indicators. Structures and functions are found on the Functions palette and are placed
on the back panel (Figure 5).
Figure 5: Functions Palette
Structures are process control elements, such as while loops and for loops. The structure to be
used in this experiment is the case structure (Figure 6), which is essentially multiple if-statements.
A case structure contains multiple subdiagrams (or cases), and a case will be executed depending
on the input to the case structure.
Figure 6: Case Structure
In Figure 6, Item 1 is the selector label, which displays the input value for which the associated case
will execute. The black arrows on the side of the selector label toggle between the different cases.
Item 2 is the area for the code that executes for the specific input in the selector label. When the
selector label is toggled, the code in this area will also change. Item 3 is the case selector, which
gives the input value to the case structure. The data type that is wired to the case selector will
determine the possible cases. For example, if a Boolean data type is wired to the case selector, the
possible cases will only be true and false.
Functions are the fundamental operating elements of LabVIEW, and have input and output
terminals to pass data in and out. They are indicated by a pale yellow background in the icon (Figure
7).

Figure 7: Examples of Functions

Functions have a certain number of inputs and outputs, depending on the type of function. For
example, the addition function (leftmost icon in Figure 7) has two inputs as it will add the two inputs
together, and it will have one output, which is the sum of the inputs. The inputs are wired to the left
side of the function, and the outputs are wired to the right side of the function. The number of inputs
and outputs of a function can be observed by hovering over the icon with the wiring tool and
observing the terminals that appear (Figure 8).

Figure 8: Function Terminals

Collectively, controls, indicators, structures, and functions are referred to as nodes. Nodes are
connected to one another using the wiring tool. For example, two controls and an indicator can be
wired to the addition function so that the indicator displays the sum of the two controls (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Wiring Nodes

The toolbar at the top of the front panel is used to execute and stop the program (Figure 10). The
run tool (white arrow) runs the program once. The run continuously tool (two white arrows in a circle)
keeps the program running continuously until the program is paused or stopped. This tool should be
used when executing programs in this experiment. The abort execution tool (red stop sign) stops the
VI immediately. The pause button (two vertical black rectangles) pauses the program, and can be
clicked again to continue the program.

Figure 10: Toolbar

National Instruments' Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite (NI ELVIS)
board (Figure 11) is one solution LabVIEW can utilize to physically interface with external devices. It
is a modular engineering device that includes a breadboard, power supply, ground, thermocouple,
oscilloscope, function analyzer, and other common lab instruments. In this experiment, an NI ELVIS
board will be used to provide inputs and display outputs for the VIs that will be created.

Figure 11: NI ELVIS II+ Board

Materials and Equipment

 Lab PC
 LabVIEW 2019 software
 NI ELVIS II+ prototyping board
 Wires
 Two 100 kΩ resistors (brown, black, yellow)

Procedure
Note: Some tasks will be repeated and the same icons will be used. A LabVIEW digest of common
tasks at the bottom of the page contains references for faster navigation.

Setting up a Blank VI
1. Open LabVIEW and select Blank VI under Create Project.
2. Click Window > Tile Left and Right to display the front panel (left window) and back panel
(right window) side by side. This will make them visible at the same time, making it easier to
work.
3. With the back panel selected, click View > Tools Palette to open the Tools palette.
4. With the front panel selected, click View > Controls Palette. The workspace should look like
Figure 12. To open the Controls palette in the future, simply right click in the front panel.
Similarly, to open the Functions palette, simply right click in the back panel.

Figure 12: LabVIEW Workspace

For help with the operation of any LabVIEW icon, select Help > Show Context Help > click the icon
for the operation that is unclear. It will be explained in the Context Help window.

1. Heating and Cooling System

Build a VI that simulates a heating and cooling system. The system must be able to be controlled
manually or automatically. The VI’s specifications are listed below.

 Must be able to be controlled automatically or manually

 In manual mode, the heater and air conditioning (AC) can be switched on/off by the user
 In automatic mode, the heater and AC turn on/off based on the following conditions:
o The air conditioner is turned on when the temperature is above 80°F
o The heater is turned on when the temperature is below 60°F
o The heater and the air conditioner are turned off when the temperature is between 60°F and
80°F

1. In the front panel, drag and drop three Round LEDs and three Slide Switches by going to the
Controls palette > Modern tab > Boolean (Figure 13). Each round LED and each slide switch
will represent the AC, heater, and manual mode. The round LEDs will indicate if the item is
on, and the slide switches will toggle the items on/off.

Figure 13: Slide Switches and Round LEDs in the Controls Palette
2. Rename the LEDs and their corresponding switches "Manual," "AC," and "Heater" to make
building the system clearer (Figure 14). This can be done by using the editing text tool in the
Tools palette.
 Figure 14: Named Switches and LEDs in the Front Panel
3. Drag and drop a thermometer (Figure 15) into the front panel (Controls palette > Modern tab
> Numeric > Thermometer).

Figure 15: Thermometer Control

4. In the back panel, right click the thermometer terminal and select Change to Control, and
observe how the arrow switches from the left side to the right side (Figure 16). This makes
the thermometer a control that will give an input to the program, which in this case is
temperature.
 Figure 16: Indicator (Left) vs Control (Right)
5. In the back panel, insert a case structure to control the manual and automatic operation of
the heating and cooling system (Functions palette > Structures > Case Structure). To place
the case structure, click once to place one corner of the case structure, and once more to
place the other corner of the case structure (Figure 17).

Figure 17: Case Structure

6. Wire the slide switch designated as Manual to the case selector on the case structure
(Figure 18). This should automatically change the selector label values to True and False, if
they were not already, because the slide switch is a Boolean data type. The true value
corresponds to manual mode being on (where the user can directly toggle the heater and
AC), while the false value corresponds to manual mode being off (where the heater and AC
are automatically toggled by the system).
 Figure 18: Manual Switch as Case Selector
7. Because the temperature of the room is input into the system only when the system is not in
manual mode (the false case), the thermometer terminal should be moved into the false
subdiagram (Figure 19).

Figure 19: Thermometer in the False Subdiagram

8. In the true subdiagram, wire the AC and heater switches directly to their corresponding LEDs
(Figure 20). This allows the switches to directly toggle their corresponding LEDs.
 Figure 20: Wiring the Switches to the LEDs
9. Staying in the true subdiagram, insert a True Constant (Functions palette > Programming tab
> Boolean > True Constant). Wire the true constant to the manual LED to turn the manual
LED on and indicate that the system is in manual mode (Figure 21).

Figure 21: Subdiagram for True Case

10.In the false subdiagram, insert two Numeric Constants (Functions palette > Programming >
Numeric > Numeric Constant), one Greater? function and one Less? function (Functions
palette > Programming > Comparison). These will be used to build the program for the
heating and cooling system in automatic mode (Figure 22).
 Figure 22: Terminals for False Subdiagram
11.The less and greater functions compare what is wired to the upper input terminal to what is
wired to the lower input terminal. Wire the thermometer to the upper input terminals of the
less and greater functions. Set a numeric constant to 60 and the other to 80. Wire the 60
numeric constant to the lower input terminal of the less function and the 80 numeric constant
to the lower input terminal of the greater function. Wire the output terminal of the greater
function to the AC LED and wire the output of the less function to the heater LED (Figure
23).

Figure 23: Wiring to Heater and AC LEDs

12.In the false subdiagram, Insert a False Constant (Functions palette > Programming >
Boolean > False Constant) and wire it to the manual LED (Figure 24). This is to turn off the
manual LED and indicate that the system is in automatic mode.
 Figure 24: Subdiagram for False Case
13.The system is now complete. Click the continuously run button to control and test the VI. If
the continuously run button is faded out, that means the system is wired completely. When
successfully running the system, the gridlines in the background of the front panel should
disappear (Figure 25). Click the switches and thermometer on the front panel to test the
system.

Figure 25: Running Heating and Cooling System

14.Have a TA check the VI. Once testing is complete, take a screenshot of the VI. Save the
heating and cooling system as a VI file (saving the file will save both the front panel and
back panel in one file). Send the VI file to you and your teammates via email.

Interfacing with a Heat Cube

The VI will now be altered to interact with a heat cube, which is a physical device that houses a
heating element, a fan, and a thermocouple, and LEDs located on an NI ELVIS board. The heat
cube will take the ambient temperature of the room and input it into the heating and cooling system.
The fan (i.e. the AC) and heater in the heat cube can be turned on/off manually or automatically
using the heating and cooling VI that was just created. This will be done by uploading pre-written
sub-VIs that will interface the heating and cooling VI with the circuit on the NI ELVIS board.
1. Download the sub-VIs onto the desktop. Unzip the folder. There should be three sub-VIs –
Cooling Control.vi, Heat Control.vi, and Temp Reading.vi.
2. Insert the sub-VIs into the back panel by right-clicking on the back panel > Select a VI… >
click the sub-VI. Click on the back panel outside of the case structure to place the sub-VIs.
They should appear as small boxes with text and an icon (Figure 26).

Figure 26: Sub-VI Terminals

3. In the automatic subdiagram, wire the output tunnel (green box along the border of the case
structure) of the less function to the input terminal of the Heat Control sub-VI labeled Heat.
Wire the output tunnel of the greater function to the input terminal of the Cool Control sub-VI
labeled Cooling.
4. Delete the orange wiring from the thermometer terminal to the upper input terminals of the
less and greater comparison functions. Wire the output terminal of the Temp Reading sub-VI
labeled Result to the upper input terminals of the comparison functions. The Temp Reading
sub-VI will effectively replace the thermometer control terminal.
5. Change the thermometer node to an indicator similarly to how it was earlier changed to a
control.
6. Wire the Result output terminal on the Temp Reading sub-VI to the thermometer indicator
terminal. The thermometer indicator terminal will be used to display the temperature being
read by the thermocouple in the heat cube.
7. A device constant must be defined for each of the pre-written sub-VIs. The device constant
selects the external device the sub-VIs transmit data to and receive data from, similar to
selecting a port for an Arduino program.
8. With the wiring tool selected, right click on the input terminal of the sub-VIs labeled Device
Name > Create > Constant.
9. Verify that all three device constants are equivalent. The device constant can be changed
using the operating tool in the Tools palette.
10.Ask the TA to check over the modifications to the VI. If correct, the TA will supply an NI
ELVIS board, a heat cube, two 100 kΩ resistors, and electrical wires.
11.Using two 100 kΩ resistors (Brown, Black, Yellow), insert one end of each resistor into
AIGND (row 18) of the NI ELVIS board.
12.Insert the other end of one of the resistors into the AI 7+ (row 15), and the end of the other
resistor into AI 7- (row 16).
13.Using a wire, connect the AI 7+ port (row 15) to the screw terminal 1 port (row 46).
14.Using a wire, connect the AI 7- port (row 16) to the screw terminal 2 port (row 47).
15.Insert the positive and negative wires from the fan into Variable Power Supplies SUPPLY+
(row 48) and Variable Power Supplies GROUND (row 49), respectively, at the lower-left-
hand corner of the NI ELVIS board.
16.Connect the positive wire from the heater to DC +5V (row 54) on the lower-right-hand corner
of the NI ELVIS board.
17.Connect the source of the MOSFET from the heat cube circuit to DC ground (row 53) on the
lower-right-hand corner of the NI ELVIS board.
18.Connect the gate of the MOSFET from the heat cube circuit to DIO 19 (row 20) on the upper-
right-hand corner of the NI ELVIS board.
19.Power the NI ELVIS board with the power cable and also connect it to the PC with the USB
cable. The device constants on the back panel of the VI should update to reference the NI
ELVIS board.
 20.Run the VI. Observe how the fan and heater in the heat cube can be turned on manually and
automatically. Observe how the thermometer indicator in the front panel displays the actual
temperature of the room.

2. Lighting System
Build a VI that simulates a lighting system in a house with four rooms. The design must use four
lights (LEDs) and at least five switches — one switch per light and one master switch that will turn all
of the lights off simultaneously (think of this as a circuit breaker). The program should also interact
with real LEDs located on the NI ELVIS board.

1. The front panel of the program should use five switches and four LEDs.
2. The back panel requires a case structure for the master switch to turn off all the lights. Think
of the cases that will be required for the function of the master switch.
3. Create the program in the case structure using the appropriate functions and wiring. Use
knowledge acquired from creating the heating and cooling system, information from the
Overview, and the LabVIEW Digest at the bottom of the page.
4. After completing the program, the VI must be interfaced to the physical NI ELVIS board. The
VI is interfaced to the NI ELVIS board using a function called the Digital Writer, which writes
data to the DIO (Digital Input and Output) pins on the board, and can display outputs on the
board’s built-in LEDs from the VI. To access the Digital Writer node, go to the Functions
palette > Measurement I/O tab > NI ELVISmx > Digital Writer (Figure 27). Place the Digital
Writer node on the back panel.

Figure 27: NI ELVISmx Digital Writer

5. Hover over the blue square at the bottom of the Digital Writer node, click, and drag down. Six
colored lines should appear (Figure 28). If this cannot be performed, double click on the
Digital Writer node and click OK in the NI ELVISmx dialog that pops up. Try to expand the
node again.

Figure 28: NI ELVISmx Digital Writer Node

6. Only two of the lines in the Digital Writer node will be used in this experiment. The Lines to
Write determine which group of eight DIO pins will be used in the VI. The Lines to Write
come in groups of eight (starting at 0) because the program works in 8-bit. The DO (Digital
Output) Lines input the Boolean values into the DIO pins.
7. For the purposes of this lab, DIO lines 0–7 will be utilized (Figure 29). To establish this
setting, right-click Lines to Write on the Digital Writer node > Create > Constant. By default,
the constant is set to 0–7. The operating tool in the Tools palette can be used to change this
value.

Figure 29: Lines to Write

8. The DO Lines require an input for each of the eight DIO lines, indicating whether each one is
true or false (on or off), but the Digital Writer can only receive one input for the DO Lines (as
observed by the one input terminal for the DO Lines on the Digital Writer node). Therefore,
the eight Boolean values will be placed in an array, and the array will be input to the DO
Lines.
9. A Build Array function will be used by going to the Functions palette > Programming > Build
Array (Figure 30). The array should be eight indices long to represent each DIO line. When
first placing the array, it only appears as one index. Hover over the bottom of the array until
a two-sided arrow appears, then click and drag down until the array is eight indices long.
 Figure 30: Array Function

10.Each LED should be wired to an individual index in the array, at the element terminal on the
left side of the array node. The remaining four indices in the array should be wired to false
constants, as those DIO lines should remain false at all times as they are not in use.
11.The resulting array should be wired to the Lines to Write of the Digital Writer node, from the
appended array terminal on the right side of the array node (Figure 31).
 Figure 31: Completed Digital Writer Node

12.For the LEDs on the NI ELVIS board to light up, wires must be used to connect the DIO lines
(rows 0–7) directly to the LEDs on the NI ELVIS board (rows 35–42).
13.Test the VI. Double click the Digital Writer node. Ensure the correct Device and Lines to
Write are selected under Configuration of the NI ELVISmx dialog. Click OK. Run the VI in
LabVIEW. Ask a TA to check the program.
14.Take screenshots of the lighting system. Save the lighting system as a VI file.
15.Submit a ZIP file of both the heating and cooling system and the lighting system to the
EG1004 website before 11:59PM the night before the next lab.

The lab work is now complete. Please clean up the workstation. Return all unused materials to the
TA. Refer to the Assignment section for the instructions needed to prepare the lab report.

Assignment
A ZIP folder containing both LabVIEW programs (in VI format) must be submitted to
the EG1004 Website by 11:59PM the night before the next lab. There is no Team PowerPoint
Presentation for this lab.

Team Lab Report

Follow the lab report guidelines laid out in the EG1004 Writing Style Guide in the Technical
Writing section of the manual. Use the outline below to write this report.

 How is LabVIEW important today?

 Explain what LabVIEW is and describe how it helps engineers and scientists with their work
 Explain what a VI is
 What are controls and indicators?
 What are structures and functions?
 What is the front panel used for? The back panel?
 Discuss what an NI ELVIS board is
 State whether the VIs were successful or not. If not, explain why.
 State whether interfacing the VIs with the NI ELVIS board was successful or not
 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using LabVIEW
 Suggest some improvements for the lab procedure
 Suggest improvements for each VI
 Because the procedural elements in this lab are extensive, please include only the procedures
employed to build the lighting system in the lab report. Do not document the procedures followed
to build the heating and cooling system
 Though the Procedure section is limited to the lighting system, discuss both of the designs in the
Data/Observations and Conclusion sections of the lab report
 Please consider the value of LabVIEW as a substitute for actual instruments and systems. The
Data/Observations section should include information on ease of use, the LabVIEW user
interface, and the available help options
 In describing the design of all the systems, present screenshots in the lab reports showing the
VIs that were designed

Remember: Lab notes must be taken. Experimental details are easily forgotten unless written down.
EG1004 Lab Notes paper can be downloaded and printed from the EG1004 Website. Use the lab
notes to write the Procedure section of the lab report. At the end of each lab, a TA will scan the lab
notes and upload them to the Lab Documents section of the EG1004 Website. One point of extra
credit is awarded if the lab notes are attached at the end of the lab report. Keeping careful notes is
an essential component of all scientific practice.

LabVIEW Digest of Common Tasks

Front Panel
 How to get a slide control:

o Controls palette > Modern tab > Numeric

o Select Horizontal Pointer Slide

o Click on the front panel to place the slide at a specific location

 How to get an LED indicator:

o Controls palette > Modern tab > Boolean

o Select the Round LED or Square LED

o Click on the front panel to place the LED at a specific location

 How to get a numeric control:

o Controls palette > Modern tab > Numeric

 o Click on Numeric Control
o Click on the front panel to place the numeric control at a specific location

 How to get a numeric indicator:

o Controls palette > Modern tab > Numeric

o Click on Numeric Indicator

o Click on the front panel to place the numeric indicator at a specific location

Back Panel
 How to define an arithmetic operation:

o Functions palette > Programming tab > Numeric

o Click on the function of the desired arithmetic

operation
o Click on the back panel to place the arithmetic function at a specific location

 How to define Boolean constants (usually used to turn on/off LEDs):

o Functions palette > Programming tab > Boolean

o Click on the True Constant or False Constant

o Click on the back panel to place the Boolean constant at a specific location

 How to wire:
o Tools palette > Wiring tool
o Click the desired object output terminal (on the left side) to wire from
o Click the desired object input terminal (on the right side) to wire to

References
Introduction to LabVIEW, Six-Hour Course [Courseware]. (June 2003) Austin, TX: Worldwide
Technical Support and Product Information, National Instruments Corporation.
“LabVIEW Block Diagram Explained.” National Instruments, National Instruments, 4 Feb. 2020,
www.ni.com/en-us/support/documentation/supplemental/08/labview-block-diagram-explained.html.
“Case Structure.” National Instruments, National Instruments, 4 Feb. 2020,
www.zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/371361R-01/glang/case_structure/.
“LabVIEW Front Panel Explained.” National Instruments, National Instruments, 4 Feb. 2020,
www.ni.com/en-us/support/documentation/supplemental/08/labview-front-panel-explained.html.