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Page 36 From Str. Dyn & EQ Eng. - Lecture Notes - Week 1 To Week 12

Lecture Notes - Week 1 to Week 12

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Page 36 From Str. Dyn & EQ Eng. - Lecture Notes - Week 1 To Week 12

Lecture Notes - Week 1 to Week 12

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Earthquake Engineering

The ground acceleration varies with time in a highly irregular manner. It is defined by numerical
values at discrete time instants. Typically the time interval is chosen to be 1/50 to 1/100 of a
second. The top curve shows the variation of El Centro ground acceleration with time. The peak
ground acceleration u&&go = 0.319 g . The second curve is the ground velocity, obtained by
integrating the acceleration with respect to time. The third curve represents the ground
displacement, which is obtained by integrating the velocity with respect to time.

2 - Response history

A SDOF system with known mass m, stiffness k and damping c and subjected to a ground motion
with acceleration u&&g (t ) is shown is Figure 2. The equation governing its motion is given by

2
u&& + 2ςωn u& + ωn u = −u&&g (t ) (1)

where ω n is the undamped natural frequency and ς the damping ratio. Equation (1) can be
integrated to give the motion of the SDOF system, that is u (t ) . For a given acceleration, the
response of the system depends only on its natural frequency ωn and damping ratio ς ; writing
formally u = u (t , ω n , ς ) . Therefore, any two systems having the same natural frequency and the
same damping ratio will have the same response even though they may have different mass or
different stiffness. Various methods are used for the solution of equation (1). Clough and Penzien
[1] used Duhamel integrals, and Newmark and Rosenblueth [2] used a numerical method. There
are many numerical approaches available for the solution of such equations, see for example [3].

m u(t)

k
c

ug(t)
Figure 2 - SDOF model subjected to ground motion.

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