ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Name: Date Given: 08-15-2023

Amoy, Earl Jerome
Burdeos, Anne Girlie
Millanes, Angel Joy
Morales, Christine Agnes
Villajos, Cherryl Ann
Lecture Instructor: Engr. Almira M. Jinayon Date Due: 08-27-2023

Laboratory Exercise No. 4

Design of Fishpond

I. Introduction

Aquaculture in the Philippines has a long history and encompasses a wide variety of species
and farming techniques in a variety of ecosystems. In aquaculture, fishpond design is important
for numerous reasons. It has a direct effect on the success and longevity of fish farming
operations. A well-designed pond enables efficient water quality management, ensuring optimal
oxygenation, waste removal, and nutrient cycling. It promotes fish health and welfare by
preventing disease transmission and overpopulation. Moreover, proper design minimizes
environmental impacts and preserves the integrity of water resources. Efficient pond design
increases operational effectiveness, decreases expenses, and promotes long-term sustainability.
A well-designed fishpond that maximizes productivity while minimizing environmental risks
requires specialized knowledge and adherence to best practices.

Tilapia farming is crucial to the Philippines' aquaculture industry. Due to its adaptability, rapid
growth, and market demand, this species of fish is widely cultivated. Various production systems,
including ponds, cages, and tanks, are utilized throughout the nation for tilapia farming.
Commonly, Nile tilapia and hybridized strains are bred for their enhanced growth rates and
disease resistance. The predominant method is pond culture, which involves the construction of
earthen ponds for the controlled growth of tilapia. Integration with other species and polyculture
systems are frequently utilized to optimize resources. The domestic market values tilapia for its
accessibility, mild flavor, and culinary versatility. Continuous research and development efforts
focusing on breeding, disease management, and sustainable practices are advantageous to the
industry. Tilapia farming contributes to rural development, income generation, food security, and
the overall expansion of the aquaculture industry in the Philippines (Rowena, 2020).

In this laboratory we students are required to design a fishpond based on the chosen fish
species and make a bill of materials of the intended design.

II. Objectives
At the end of the activity, the students must be able to
1. Design a fishpond.
2. Make a Bill of materials of the designed fishpond.

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ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

III. Materials and Methods

Materials

AutoCAD

Procedure

A. Design Process

1. Specify what species to culture.

2. Specify the no. of fish to raise.
3. Draw a layout of your proposed fishpond (this will include the floor plan, Isometric
view, and architectural design) specify the measurement.

B. Prepare a Cost Analysis of the Proposed Fishpond

1. Prepare a bill of materials (estimated cost of the fishpond, you may refer to
Estimates by Fajardo)
2. Indicate what type of material used (example: concrete mixture, AAA mixture).

IV. Results and/or Discussion

A. Design Process

General Assumptions
Type of Species Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus)
Type of Aquaculture System Semi-Intensive Farming
Size and Shape Rectangular
Water Source Stream
Type of Construction Materials Earthen Pond
Pond Layout Parallel
Construction Method Dug-out
Location Dahilayan (Bukidnon)
Technical Assumptions
Area (ha) 1
Stocking Density ( pcs /m2) 10
Cost of Fingerlings (PhP) 2
Total Initial Number of Fish Stocks 10,000
Project Duration (years) 5
Average Weight at Harvest (kg/pcs) 0.5
Recovery at Harvest (%) 80
Total Number of Harvested Fish 8,500
Stock/Cropping (pcs)
Feed Conversion Ratio 1.3
Number of Crops per year 4
Total Number of Harvested Fish Stock Per 30,000
Year (pcs)
Total Amount of Feeds Used (kg/cropping) 600
Total Amount of Feeds Per Cropping (bags) 24
Total Cost of Feeds (PhP/year) 144,000
Price of Feed (PhP/kg) 60
Total Weight of Fish at Harvest/crop (kg) 5,000
Farm Gate Selling Price (PhP/kg) 100
Gross Sales After Harvest/Crop (PhP) 400,000

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ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Figure 1. Shows the area and topography of the proposed fishpond design in
Dahilayan, Bukidnon.

Figure 2. Shows the pond design.

Figure 3. Shows the site design.

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ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Figure 4. Shows the top view of the fishpond.

Figure 5. Shows the front view of the fishpond.

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ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Figure 6. Shows the back view of the fishpond.

Figure 7. Shows the left side view of the fishpond facing the water stream.

Figure 8. Shows the right-side view of the fishpond.

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 ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Figure 9. Shows some remarkable details of the fishpond.

Figure 10. Shows the isometric view of the fishpond.

B. Cost Analysis of the Proposed Fishpond

Table 2. Cost of Construction Estimates

ITEM UNIT COST QUANTITY TOTAL (Php) Depreciation
Cost/Cropping
Earthworks
Clearing and
90,846.53/ha 0.003 272.540 -
Grubbing
Structural Excavation 151.73/cu. m
100 15,173.00 -
and Backfill
Embankment 186.41/cu. m 100 18,641.00 -
Carpentry and Joinery Works
SG net #14 (harvest 6,000.00/roll 2 5,000.00 5
net)
Pond Development 300,000.00/ha 1 30,000.00 5
Silt Trap 108,700.00/ha 2 2,174.00 2.5
4" x 10ft PVC Pipe 380.00/pcs 9 3,420.00 3
1 x 1.5m/ 1 X 1.2M 634.00/pcs 5 3,215.00 5
HTDB15 Digging Bar
Rubber Handled High 541.75/pcs 5 2,708.75 5
Quality Bolo Knife
(Molye)
Falcon FRS-4001 939.00 5 4,695 5
Premium Garden
Shovel
Supplies
Feeds (bags per 1500.00/kg 24 36,000 -
cropping)
Fingerlings 2.70/kg 10,000 27,000 -
Varnishing and Other Related Works
Paint Thinner 562.00 3 1,686.00 -
Mustang Plastic/Wood 230.00 3 690.00 -
Varnish Natural 250ml
2B ¾ ‘’ Size flat Size 60.00 3 180.00 -

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 ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Utility Paint Brush

6’’ Wide Bristle Hair 105.44 10 1,054.4 -
Wooden Handle Paint
Brush with Roller Pan
9’’ Hitech Corrugated 236.00 3 789.00 -
Roof Paint Brush with
Roller Pan
Roof
25 meter Bambusa 1,766.47/pcs 1 1,766.47 0.5
polymorpha for roofing
30 pcs
Umbrella Twisted Nail 30 64.00 320.00 0.5
“2 1/2” size
Fences
1,20m x 1,20m x 25mm 333.89/kg 625 208,681.25 2.5
Bamboo Fences
Walls
Giant Bamboo Posts 333.89/kg 1 333.89 2.5
3.048m x 1.57m
Floor
25 meter Bambusa 1,766.47/pcs 1 1,766.47 2
polymorpha for flooring
30 pcs
Lumber Coco, 4 x 4 x 8, 310.00/pcs 10 3,100.00 2
¼kg 250g Common 70.00/kg 5 350.00 -
Nails

TOTAL 372,015.15 35.5

Table 3. Revenue, Variable and Fixed Cost

Revenue
Php/Cropping Php/Year
Gross Sales Assuming Sold-out Product 500,000 2,000,000
5,000 kg/crop at 100/kg selling price
Total 500,000 2,000,000
Costs
A. Variable Cost
Tilapia Fingerlings (PhP 2/pc 20,000 80,000
Fuel 196.35 785.4
Wages, 3 workers, PhP 4,000/month 36,000 144,000
Incentives for staff at 3% of the net income 3839.5 15358.2
Feeds (bags) Php 1,500/bag 36,000 144,000
Transport Cost 15,000 60,000
Total Variable Costs 111,036 444,144
B. Fixed Costs
Maintenance, repairs (2% of investment cost) 7,440.3 2,9761.2
Operator’s management fees, part-time 21,000 84,000
Total Fixed Costs 28,440.3 113,761.2

TOTAL COSTS 139476.3 557,905.2

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ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Based on the tabulated data, the assumptions are for a 5-year farm operation. In addition,
there will be four cycles of production lasting three months each. Since the system of culture is
semi-intensive, ten thousand fingerlings are stocked. Aside from natural food from the pond,
artificial feed was given. The expected survival would be at least 85 percent with a farm selling
price of one hundred pesos per kilogram, and the gross sales per harvest would be four hundred
thousand pesos.

C. Guide Questions
1. How does the volume of the pond affect the population of the fish raised?

The pond volume has several effects on the population of tilapia fish cultured.
The pond volume determines the amount of available living space for the fish. A
larger pond provides more room for tilapia fish to swim and explore, creating a
healthier and less stressful environment. A larger pond typically has a greater
surface area, which allows for better oxygen exchange with the atmosphere.
Oxygen is crucial for the survival and growth of fish as inadequate oxygen leads to
stress, reduced rates, and even fish kills. There is generally a wide ranged amount
of water available in a larger pond to dilute waste products such as excess
nutrients, sediments, and organic matter. In this way, it helps in maintaining better
water quality and can support a more stable and sustainable fish population.

2. How does the wind speed or wind direction affect the orientation of the longer side
of the pond?

The wind speed or direction influences the orientation of the pond's longer
side. First, the wave action, the wind blowing across the surface causes waves,
and their size and direction are affected by it. The waves tend to line with the wind,
creating water movement and possibly pond erosion. This can have a significant
impact on the pond's form and orientation. Wind can also alter the movement of
sediments in a pond by transporting them in the direction of the wind. The
movement of sediment can produce deposition on one side and erosion on the
other. Strong winds can induce surface currents, which can force water to move
in any pattern depending on the wind direction. This can cause the pond's
nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and temperature to be redistributed. Topography and
pond form are two characteristics that can influence the direction of the longer side
of the pond.

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ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

3. What kind of fish is suitable to raise in the designed pond?

The presented designed pond is suitable for tilapia as it was designed

specifically for tilapia. Tilapia fish are an excellent option for earthen fishponds due
to their adaptability and resilience. As omnivores, they can thrive on a diverse diet,
including algae, plankton, and commercial fish feeds, making them well-suited for
pond environments with various food resources. Their rapid growth rate enables
rapid harvesting, which is attractive to fish farmers who seek to maximize yields
within a specific time frame. In addition, their high reproductive capacity enables a
self-sustaining pond population, which reduces the need for restocking and
operational expenses. Even though their disease resistance is not absolute, it is
generally superior to many other fish species, reducing the risk of outbreaks and
expensive treatments. Tilapias contribute to the control of algae and pests within
pond ecosystems. With a high market demand and widespread appeal, tilapia
farming in earthen fishponds can be profitable if proper management practices are
in place to ensure responsible and sustainable aquaculture.

Conclusion

As a result of this laboratory experiment, we can conclude that the design of

fishponds is of utmost importance to agricultural and biosystems engineers due to its
numerous effects on fish farming. After reading some research to improve our design, we
discovered that maintaining fish health and preventing disease requires effective water
quality management. In addition to ensuring environmental sustainability, disease
prevention, and regulatory compliance, well-thought-out fishpond designs offer additional
advantages. By customizing designs to local conditions, considering topography, climate,
and available resources, we aspiring engineers can create economically viable and
resilient fish farming operations that adhere to ecological principles.

Citation

FOOD CULTIVATION. (2015). Tilapia Fish Farming Information Guide | Agri

Farming. Retrieved from https://www.agrifarming.in/tilapia-fish-farming

FAO. (2023). FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture.

https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/countrysector/naso_philippines

ROWENA, M. et. al (2020). AQUACULTURE EXTENSION MANUAL NO. 66

TILAPIA CULTURE THE BASICS Aquaculture Department Southeast

Instructor: ENGR. ALMIRA JOYCE M. JINAYON MIDYEAR 2022-2023 - Page 9

ABE 65A – Aquaculture Engineering, Laboratory Laboratory Report 4

Asian Fisheries Development Center Iloilo, Philippines. Retrieved from

https://repository.seafdec.org.ph/bitstream/handle/10862/5842/5842

Romana-EguiaMRR2020-AEM66.pdf

Further Reading

Fish Farming Handbook 1980

Simplified Construction Estimates by Max Fajardo
https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/
FAO_Training/General/x6708e/x6708e06.htm

DOCUMENTATION

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