CLASS XI Maths EXEMPLAR SOLUTION Chapter - 1 Sets 2024-25

Artham
Resource Material
For Revised Syllabus Session 2024-25
EXEMPLAR
SOLUTIONS
MATHS
Class
11
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Chapter 1-
Sets
Exercise
Short Answer Type
1. Write the following sets in the roaster form:
(i) A = {x : x ∈ R, 2x + 11 = 15}
(ii) B = {x | x2 = x, x ∈ R}
(iii) C = {x | x is a positive factor of a prime number p}
Solution:
(i) According to the question,
A = {x : x ∈ R, 2x + 11 = 15}
Roster form,
2x + 11 = 15
⇒ 2x = 15 – 11
⇒ 2x = 4
⇒x=2
Hence, A = {2}
(ii) According to the question,

B = {x | x2 = x, x ∈ R}
Roster form,
x2 = x
⇒ x2 – x = 0
⇒ x(x – 1) = 0
⇒ x = 0 or 1
Hence, B = {0, 1}
(iii) According to the question,

C = {x | x is a positive factor of a prime number p}
Roster form,
Only possible positive factors of a prime number p = 1 and p itself.
Therefore,
x = 1 or p
Hence, C = {1, p}
2. Write the following sets in the roaster form:
Solution:
D = {t | t3 = t, t ∈ R}
Roster form,
t3 = t
⇒ t3 – t = 0
⇒ t(t2 – 1) = 0
⇒ t(t – 1)(t + 1) = 0
⇒ t = 0, -1 or 1
Hence, D = {-1, 0, 1}
Roster form,
((W – 2)/(W + 3))=3
⇒ w – 2 = 3(w + 3)
⇒ w – 2 = 3w + 9
⇒ 3w – w = - 9 – 2
⇒ 2w = –11
⇒ w = –11/2
Hence, E = {– 11/2}

F = {x | x4 – 5x2 + 6 = 0, x ∈ R}
Roster form,
x4 – 5x2 + 6 = 0
⇒ x4 – 3x2 – 2x2 + 6 = 0
⇒ x2(x2 – 3) – 2(x2 – 3) = 0
⇒ (x2 – 3) (x2 – 2) = 0
⇒ x2 = 3 or 2
⇒ x = ±√3 or ±√2
⇒ x = √3, –√3, √2 or –√2
Hence, F = {–√3, –√2, √2, √3}
3. If Y = {x | x is a positive factor of the number 2p – 1 (2p – 1), where 2p – 1 is a prime number}.

Write Y in the roaster form.
Solution:
According to the question,
Y = {x | x is a positive factor of the number 2p – 1(2p – 1), where 2p – 1 is a prime number}.
Roster form of given set,
Only possible positive factors of a prime number p are 1 and p itself.
Possible factors of 2p – 1 (2p – 1) are all possible factors of 2p – 1 and 2p – 1 individually.
Possible factors of 2p – 1 are 20, 21… 2p – 1 and that of 2p – 1 are 1 and 2p – 1 {∵ 2p – 1 is prime
number}
Therefore,
x = 1, 21… 2p – 1, 2p – 1
Hence, Y = {1, 21… 2p – 1, 2p – 1}
4. State which of the following statements are true and which are false. Justify your answer.
(i) 35 ∈ {x | x has exactly four positive factors}.
(ii) 128 ∈ {y | the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}
(iii) 3 ∉ {x | x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – 112x + 6 = 0}
(iv) 496 ∉ {y | the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}.
Solution:
(i) True
35 ∈ {x | x has exactly four positive factors}
The possible positive factors of 35 = 1, 5, 7, 35
35 belongs to given set
Since, 35 has exactly four positive factors
⇒ The given statement 35 ∈ {x | x has exactly four positive factors} is true.
(ii) False
128 ∈ {y | the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}
The possible positive factors of 128 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
The sum of them
= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128
= 255
2y = 2 × 128 = 256
Since, the sum of all the positive factors of y is not equal to 2y
128 does not belong to given set
⇒ The given statement 128 ∈ {y | the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y} is false.
(iii) True
3 ∉ {x | x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – 112x + 6 = 0}
x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – 112x + 6 = 0
On putting x = 3 in LHS:
(3)4 – 5(3)3 + 2(3)2 – 112(3) + 6
= 81 – 135 + 18 – 336 + 6
= –366
≠0
So, 3 does not belong to given set
⇒ The given statement 3 ∉ {x | x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – 112x + 6 = 0} is true.
(iv) False
496 ∉ {y | the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}
The possible positive factors of 496 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 62, 124, 248, 496
The sum of them
= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 31 + 62 + 124 + 248 + 496
= 996
2y = 2 × 496 = 992
Since, the sum of all the positive factors of y is equal to 2y
496 belongs to given set
⇒ The given statement 496 ∉ {y | the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y} is false.
5. Given L = {1, 2, 3, 4}, M = {3, 4, 5, 6} and N = {1, 3, 5}. Verify that L–(M∪N) = (L–M)∩(L–N).
Solution:
L = {1, 2, 3, 4}, M = {3, 4, 5, 6} and N = {1, 3, 5}
To verify:
L – (M ∪ N) = (L – M) ∩ (L – N)
M = {3, 4, 5, 6}, N = {1, 3, 5} ⇒ M ∪ N = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6}
L = {1, 2, 3, 4} and M ∪ N = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6}
⇒ L – (M ∪ N) = {2}………………(i)
L = {1, 2, 3, 4} and M = {3, 4, 5, 6} ⇒ L – M = {1, 2}
L = {1, 2, 3, 4} and N = {1, 3, 5} ⇒ L – N = {2, 4}
L – M = {1, 2} and L – N = {2, 4}
⇒ (L – M) ∩ (L – N) = {2}………………(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),
We have,
L – (M ∪ N) = (L – M) ∩ (L – N)
Hence verified
6. If A and B are subsets of the universal set U, then show that

(i) A ⊂ A ∪ B
(ii) A ⊂ B ⇔ A ∪ B = B
(iii) (A ∩ B) ⊂ A
Solution:
A and B are two subsets
To prove: A ⊂ A ∪ B
Proof:
Let x ∈ A
⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ B
⇒x∈A∪B
⇒A⊂A∪B
Hence Proved

To prove: A ⊂ B ⇔ A ∪ B = B
Proof:
Let x ∈ A ∪ B
⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ B
Since, A ⊂ B, we get,
⇒x∈B
⇒ A ∪ B ⊂ B …(i)
We know that,
B⊂A∪B …(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),
We get,
A∪B=B
Now,
Let y ∈ A
⇒y∈A∪B
Since, A ∪ B = B, we get,
⇒y∈B}
⇒A⊂B
So,
A⊂B⇔A∪B=B
Hence Proved

To prove: (A ∩ B) ⊂ A
Proof:
Let x ∈ A ∩ B
⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ B
⇒x∈A
⇒A∩B⊂A
Hence Proved
7. Given that N = {1, 2, 3,..., 100}. Then write

(i) the subset of N whose elements are even numbers.
(ii) the subset of N whose element are perfect square numbers.
Solution:
We know that,
A set ‘A’ is a subset of a set ‘B’, if ‘A’ is "contained" inside ‘B’. Hence, all elements of ‘A’ are
also elements of ‘B’.
N = {1, 2, 3 ,..., 100}
Hence, subset of N whose elements are even numbers
= {2, 4, 6, 8,………,100}

N = {1, 2, 3 ,..., 100}
Hence, subset of N whose elements are perfect square numbers
= {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}
8. If X = {1, 2, 3}, if n represents any member of X, write the following sets containing all numbers
represented by:
(i) 4n
(ii) n + 6
(iii) n/2
(iv) n – 1
Solution:
X = {1, 2, 3} where n represents any member of X
X = {1, 2, 3}
{4n | n ∈ x}
= {4×1, 4×2, 4×3}
= {4, 8, 12}

X = {1, 2, 3}
{n + 6 | n ∈ x}
= {1 + 6, 2 + 6, 3 + 6}
= {7, 8, 9}

X = {1, 2, 3}
= { ½, 1, 3/2}
(iv) According to the question,

X = {1, 2, 3}
{n – 1 | n ∈ x}
= {1 – 1, 2 – 1, 3 – 1}
= {0, 1, 2}
9. If Y = {1, 2, 3,..., 10}, and a represents any element of Y, write the following sets, containing all
the elements satisfying the given conditions.
(i) a ∈ Y but a2∉ Y
(ii) a + 1 = 6, a ∈ Y
(iii) a is less than 6 and a ∈ Y
Solution:
Y = {1, 2, 3,..., 10} where a represents any element of Y
Y = {1, 2, 3,..., 10}
12 = 1, 22 = 4, 32 = 9
1, 4, 9 ∈ Y ⇒ 1, 2, 3 do not satisfy given condition
Hence,
{a: a ∈ Y and a2∉ Y} = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

Y = {1, 2, 3,..., 10}
a+1=6⇒a=5
⇒ 5 satisfies the given condition
Hence,
{a: a + 1 = 6, a ∈ Y } = {5}

Y = {1, 2, 3,..., 10}
a is less than 6 ⇒ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 satisfy the given condition
Hence,
{a: a is less than 6, a ∈ Y } = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
10. A, B and C are subsets of Universal Set U. If A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}, B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}, C = {5,
10, 15, 20} and U is the set of all whole numbers, draw a Venn diagram showing the relation of U,
A, B and C.
Solution:
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}, B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}, C = {5, 10, 15, 20}
Here, U is a universal set
Therefore,
⇒ A ∩ B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}∩{3, 6, 9, 12, 15}
= {6, 12},
⇒ B ∩ C = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}∩{5, 10, 15, 20}
= {15},
⇒ A ∩ C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}∩{5, 10, 15, 20}
= {20},
⇒ A ∩ B ∩ C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}∩{3, 6, 9, 12, 15}∩{5, 10, 15, 20}
= {}
Hence, the Venn diagram showing relation of given sets is:
11. Let U be the set of all boys and girls in a school, G be the set of all girls in the school, B be the
set of all boys in the school, and S be the set of all students in the school who take swimming.
Some, but not all, students in the school take swimming. Draw a Venn diagram showing one of the
possible interrelationship among sets U, G, B and S.
Solution:
There are four sets U, G, B, S
Here,
U = a universal set containing set of all boys and girls in a school
G = set of all girls in the school
B = set of all boys in the school
S = set of all students in the school who take swimming
The Venn diagram showing relation of given sets is:
12. For all sets A, B and C, show that (A – B) ∩ (A – C) = A – (B ∪ C)

Solution:
There are three sets A, B and C
To show:
(A – B) ∩ (A – C) = A – (B ∪ C)
Let x ∈ (A – B) ∩ (A – C)
⇒ x ∈ (A – B) and x ∈ (A – C)
⇒ (x ∈ A and x ∉ B) and (x ∈ A and x ∉ C)
⇒ x ∈ A and (x ∉ B and x ∉ C)
⇒ x ∈ A and x ∉ (B ∪ C)
⇒ x ∈ A – (B ∪ C)
⇒ (A – B) ∩ (A – C) ⊂ A – (B ∪ C) …(i)
Let y ∈ A – (B ∪ C)
⇒ y ∈ A and y ∉ (B ∪ C)
⇒ y ∈ A and (y ∉ B and y ∉ C)
⇒ (y ∈ A and y ∉ B) and (y ∈ A and y ∉ C)
⇒ y ∈ (A – B) and y ∈ (A – C)
⇒ y ∈ (A – B) ∩ (A – C)
⇒ A – (B ∪ C) ⊂ (A – B) ∩ (A – C) …(ii)
We know that,
If P ⊂ Q and Q ⊂ P
Then, P = Q
Therefore, from equations (i) and (ii),
A – (B ∪ C) = (A – B) ∩ (A – C)
Determine whether each of the statement in Exercises 13 – 17 is true or false. Justify your answer.
13. For all sets A and B, (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A

Solution:
True
There are two sets A and B
To check: (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A is true or false
L.H.S = (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B)
Since, A – B = A ∩ B’,
We get,
= (A ∩ B’) ∪ (A ∩ B)
Using distributive property of set:
We get,
(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = A ∩ (B ∪ C)
= A ∩ (B’ ∪ B)
=A∩U
=A
= R.H.S
Hence, the given statement “for all sets A and B, (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A” is true
14. For all sets A, B and C, A – (B – C) = (A – B) – C
Solution:
False
To check: A – (B – C) = (A – B) – C is true or false
Step 1:
B–C
Step 2:
A – (B – C)
Step 3:
A–B
Step 4:
(A – B) – C
Now, from the Venn diagrams, we get,
Step 2 and Step 4 are not equal
Therefore, A – (B – C) ≠ (A – B) – C
Hence, the given statement “for all sets A, B and C, A – (B – C) = (A – B) – C” is false.
15. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ B, then A ∩ C ⊂ B ∩ C

Solution:
True
To check: if A ⊂ B, then A ∩ C ⊂ B ∩ C is true or false
Let x ∈ A ∩ C
⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ C
⇒ x ∈ B and x ∈ C {∵ A ⊂ B}
⇒x∈B∩C
⇒A∩C⊂B∩C
Hence, the given statement “for all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ B, then A ∩ C ⊂ B ∩ C” is true.
16. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ B, then A ∪ C ⊂ B ∪ C

Solution:
True
To check: if A ⊂ B, then A ∪ C ⊂ B ∪ C is true or false
Let x ∈ A ∪ C
⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ C
⇒ x ∈ B or x ∈ C {∵ A ⊂ B}
⇒x∈B∪C
⇒A∪C⊂B∪C
Hence, the given statement “for all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ B, then A ∪ C ⊂ B ∪ C” is true
17. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C, then A ∪ B ⊂ C

Solution:
True
To check: if A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C, then A ∪ B ⊂ C is true or false
Let x ∈ A ∪ B
⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ C
⇒ x ∈ C or x ∈ C {∵ A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C}
⇒x∈C
⇒A∪B⊂C
Hence, the given statement “for all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C, then A ∪ B ⊂ C” is
true
Using properties of sets prove the statements given in Exercises 18 to 22
18. For all sets A and B, A ∪ (B – A) = A ∪ B

Solution:
To prove: A ∪ (B – A) = A ∪ B
L.H.S = A ∪ (B – A)
Since, A – B = A ∩ B’, we get,
= A ∪ (B ∩ A’)
Since, distributive property of set ⇒ (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C) = A ∪ (B ∩ C), we get,
= (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ A’)
Since, A ∪ A’ = U, we get,
= (A ∪ B) ∩ U
=A∪B
= R.H.S
Hence Proved
19. For all sets A and B, A – (A – B) = A ∩ B

Solution:
To prove: A – (A – B) = A ∩ B
L.H.S = A – (A – B)
= A – (A ∩ B’)
= A ∩ (A ∩ B’)’
Since, (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’, we get,
= A ∩ [A’ ∪ (B’)’]
Since, (B’)’ = B, we get,
= A ∩ (A’ ∪ B)
Since, distributive property of set ⇒ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = A ∩ (B ∪ C), we get,
= (A ∩ A’) ∪ (A ∩ B)
Since, A ∩ A’ = Φ, we get,
= Φ ∪ (A ∩ B)
=A∩B
= R.H.S
Hence Proved
20. For all sets A and B, A – (A ∩ B) = A – B

Solution:
To prove: A – (A ∩ B) = A – B
L.H.S = A – (A ∩ B)
= A ∩ (A ∩ B)’
= A ∩ (A ∩ B’)’
Since, (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’, we get,
= A ∩ (A’ ∪ B’)
Since, Distributive property of set ⇒ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = A ∩ (B ∪ C), we get,
= (A ∩ A’) ∪ (A ∩ B’)
= Φ ∪ (A ∩ B’)
= A ∩ B’
=A–B
= R.H.S
Hence Proved
21. For all sets A and B, (A ∪ B) – B = A – B

Solution:
To prove: (A ∪ B) – B = A – B
L.H.S = (A ∪ B) – B
= (A ∪ B) ∩ B’
Since, Distributive property of set: (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = A ∩ (B ∪ C), we get,
= (A ∩ B’) ∪ (B ∩ B’)
= (A ∩ B’) ∪ Φ
= A ∩ B’
=A–B
= R.H.S
Hence Proved
22. Let,
Is T an empty set? Justify your answer.

Solution:
To check whether T is an empty set or not,

We solve,
⇒ -(4x – 40)(13 – x) = (4x – 40)(x – 7)
⇒ (4x – 40)(x – 7) + (4x – 40)(13 – x) = 0
⇒ (4x – 40)(x – 7 + 13 – x) = 0
⇒ 6(4x – 40) = 0
⇒ 24(x – 10) = 0
⇒ x – 10 = 0
⇒ x = 10
So, T = {10}
⇒ T is not an empty set
Long Answer Type
23. Let A, B and C be sets. Then show that A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

Solution:
A, B and C are three given sets
To prove: A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
Let x ∈ A ∩ (B ∪ C)
⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ (B ∪ C)
⇒ x ∈ A and (x ∈ B or x ∈ C)
⇒ (x ∈ A and x ∈ B) or (x ∈ A and x ∈ C)
⇒ x ∈ A ∩ B or x ∈ A ∩ C
⇒ x ∈ (A ∩ B) ∪ ( A ∩ C)
⇒ A ∩ (B ∪ C) ⊂ (A ∩ B) ∪ ( A ∩ C) …(i)
Let y ∈ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
⇒ y ∈ A ∩ B or x ∈ A ∩ C
⇒ (y ∈ A and y ∈ B) or (y ∈ A and y ∈ C)
⇒ y ∈ A and (y ∈ B or y ∈ C)
⇒ y ∈ A and y ∈ (B ∪ C)
⇒ y ∈ A ∩ (B ∪ C)
⇒ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) ⊂ A ∩ (B ∪ C) …(ii)
We know that:
P ⊂ Q and Q ⊂ P ⇒ P = Q
From equations (i) and (ii), we have,
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
Hence Proved
24. Out of 100 students; 15 passed in English, 12 passed in Mathematics, 8 in Science, 6 in English
and Mathematics, 7 in Mathematics and Science; 4 in English and Science; 4 in all the three. Find
how many passed
(i) in English and Mathematics but not in Science
(ii) in Mathematics and Science but not in English
(iii) in Mathematics only
(iv) in more than one subject only
Solution:
Total number of students = 100
Number of students who passed in English = 15
Number of students who passed in Mathematics = 12
Number of students who passed in Science = 8
Number of students who passed in English and Mathematics = 6
Number of students who passed in Mathematics and Science = 7
Number of students who passed in English and Science = 4
Number of students who passed in all three = 4
Let the total number of students = U
Let the number of students passed in English = E
Let the number of students passed in Mathematics = M
Let the number of students passed in Science = S
n(M ∩ S ∩ E) = a = 4
n(M ∩ S) = a + d = 7
⇒4+d=7
⇒d=3
n(M ∩ E) = a + b = 6
⇒4+b=6
⇒b=2
n(S ∩ E) = a + c = 4
⇒4+c=4
⇒c=0
n(M) = e + d + a + b = 12
⇒ e + 4 + 3 + 2 = 12
⇒ e + 9 = 12
⇒e=3
n(E) = g + c + a + b = 15
⇒ g + 0 + 4 + 2 = 15
⇒ g + 6 = 15
⇒g=9
n(S) = f + c + a + d = 8
⇒f+0+4+3=8
⇒f+7=8
⇒f=1
Therefore, from the above equations, we get that,
(i) Number of students passed in English and Mathematics but not in Science = b = 2
(ii) Number of students in Mathematics and Science but not in English = d = 3
(iii) Number of students in Mathematics only = e = 3
(iv) Number of students in more than one subject only = a + b + c + d = 4 + 3 + 2 + 0 = 9
25. In a class of 60 students, 25 students play cricket and 20 students play tennis, and 10 students
play both the games. Find the number of students who play neither?
Solution:
Students who play cricket = 25
Students who play tennis = 20
Students who play both the games = 10
To find: number of students who play neither
Let the total number of students = S
Let the number of students who play cricket = C
Let the number of students who play tennis = T
n(S) = 60, n(C) = 25, n(T) = 20, n(C ∩ T) = 10
So, Number of students who play either of them,
n(C ∪ T) = n(C) + n(T) – n(C ∩ T)
= 25 + 20 – 10
= 35
Hence, Number of student who play neither = Total – n(C ∪ T)
= 60 – 35
= 25
Therefore, there are 25 students who play neither cricket nor tennis.
26. In a survey of 200 students of a school, it was found that 120 study Mathematics, 90 study
Physics and 70 study Chemistry, 40 study Mathematics and Physics, 30 study Physics and
Chemistry, 50 study Chemistry and Mathematics and 20 none of these subjects. Find the number
of students who study all the three subjects.
Solution:
Total number of students = n(U) = 200
Number of students who study Mathematics = n(M) = 120
Number of students who study Physics = n(P) = 90
Number of students who study Chemistry = n(C) = 70
Number of students who study Mathematics and Physics = n(M ∩ P) = 40
Number of students who study Mathematics and Chemistry = n(M ∩ C) = 50
Number of students who study Physics and Chemistry = n(P ∩ C) = 30
Number of students who study none of them = 20
Let the number of students who study Mathematics = M
Let the number of students who study Physics = P
Let the number of students who study Chemistry = C
number of students who study all the three subjects n(M ∩ P ∩ C)
Number of students who play either of them = n(P ∪ M ∪ C)
n(P ∪ M ∪ C) = Total – none of them
= 200 – 20
= 180 …(i)
Number of students who play either of them = n(P ∪ M ∪ C)
n(P ∪ M ∪ C) = n(C) + n(P) + n(M) – n(M ∩ P) – n(M ∩ C) – n(P ∩ C) + n(P ∩ M ∩ C)
= 120 + 90 + 70 – 40 – 30 – 50 + n(P ∩ M ∩ C)
= 160 + n(P ∩ M ∩ C) …(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we get,
160 + n(P ∩ M ∩ C) = 180
⇒ n(P ∩ M ∩ C) = 180 – 160
⇒ n(P ∩ M ∩ C) = 20
Therefore, there are 20 students who study all the three subjects.
27. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families
buy newspaper B, 10% families buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3% buy B and C and
4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the three newspapers. Find
(a) The number of families which buy newspaper A only.
(b) The number of families which buy none of A, B and C
Solution:
Total number of families = 10,000
Number of families buying newspaper A = n(A) = 40%
Number of families buying newspaper B = n(B) = 20%
Number of families buying newspaper C = n(C) = 10%
Number of families buying newspaper A and B = n(A ∩ B) = 5%
Number of families buying newspaper B and C = n(B ∩ C) = 3%
Number of families buying newspaper A and C = n(A ∩ C) = 4%
Number of families buying all three newspapers = n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 2%
Let the total number of families = U
Let the number of families buying newspaper A = A
Let the number of families buying newspaper B = B
Let the number of families buying newspaper C = C
(a) Number of families which buy newspaper A only
Percentage of families which buy newspaper A only
= n(A) – n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 40 – 5 – 4 + 2
= 33%
Number of families which buy newspaper A only
= ((33/100)×10000)
= 3300
Hence, there are 3300 families which buy newspaper A only
(b) Number of families which buy none of A, B and C

Percentage of families which buy either of A, B and C
= n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 40 + 20 + 10 – 5 – 3 – 4 + 2
= 60%
Percentage of families which buy none of A, B and C
= Total percentage – Number of students who play either
= 100% – 60%
= 40%
Number of families which buy none of A, B and C
= ((40/100)×10000)
= 4000
Hence, there are 4000 families which buy none of A, B and C
28. In a group of 50 students, the number of students studying French, English, Sanskrit were
found to be as follows:
French = 17, English = 13, Sanskrit = 15
French and English = 09, English and Sanskrit = 4
French and Sanskrit = 5, English, French and Sanskrit = 3. Find the number of students who
study
(i) French only
(ii) English only
(iii) Sanskrit only
(iv) English and Sanskrit but not French
(v) French and Sanskrit but not English
(vi) French and English but not Sanskrit
(vii) at least one of the three languages
(viii) none of the three languages
Solution:
Number of students studying English = 13
Number of students studying French = 17
Number of students studying Sanskrit = 15
Number of students studying English and French = 9
Number of students studying French and Sanskrit = 5
Number of students studying English and Sanskrit = 4
Number of students studying all three subjects = 3
Let the number of students studying English = E
Let the number of students studying French = F
Let the number of students studying Sanskrit = S
n(F ∩ S ∩ E) = a = 3
n(F ∩ S) = a + d = 5
⇒3+d=5
⇒d=2
n(F ∩ E) = a + b = 9
⇒3+b=9
⇒b=6
n(S ∩ E) = a + c = 4
⇒3+c=4
⇒c=1
n(F) = e + d + a + b = 17⇒ e + 2 + 3 + 6 = 17
⇒ e + 11 = 17
⇒e=6
n(E) = g + c + a + b = 13
⇒ g + 1 + 3 + 6 = 13
⇒ g + 10 = 13
⇒g=3
n(S) = f + c + a + d = 15
⇒ f + 1 + 3 + 2 = 15
⇒ f + 6 = 15
⇒f=9
Therefore, from the above equations, we get that,
(i) Number of students studying French only = e = 6
(ii) Number of students studying English only = g = 3
(iii) Number of students studying Sanskrit only = f = 9
(iv) Number of students studying English and Sanskrit but not French = c = 1
(v) Number of students studying French and Sanskrit but not English = d = 2
(vi) Number of students studying French and English but not Sanskrit = b = 6
(vii) Number of students studying at least one of the three languages = a + b + c + d + e + f + g
=3+6+1+2+6+9+3
= 30
(viii) Number of students studying none of the three languages = Total – (a+b+c+d+e+f+g)
= 50 – (3 + 6 + 1 + 2 + 6 + 9 + 3)
= 50 – 30
= 20
29. Suppose A1, A2, ..., A30 are thirty sets each having 5 elements and B1, B2, ..., Bn are n sets each
with 3 elements, let
and each element of S belongs to exactly 10 of the Ai’s and exactly 9 of the B,’S. then n is equal to
A. 15
B. 3
C. 45
D. 35
Solution:
Since elements are not repeating, number of elements in A1∪ A2∪ A3∪ ………∪ A30 = 30 × 5
Now, since each element is used 10 times
We get,
10 × S = 30 × 5
⇒ 10 × S = 150
⇒ S = 15
Since elements are not repeating, number of elements in B1∪ B2∪ B3∪ ………∪ Bn = 3 × n
Now, since each element is used 9 times
We get,
9×S=3×n
⇒ 9 × S = 3n
⇒ S = n/3
⇒ n/3 = 15
⇒ n = 45
Therefore, the value of n is 45
Hence, Option (C) 45, is the correct answer.
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Artham

(ii) According to the question,

(iii) According to the question,

2. Write the following sets in the roaster form:

(ii) According to the question,

(iii) According to the question,

3. If Y = {x | x is a positive factor of the number 2p – 1 (2p – 1), where 2p – 1 is a prime number}.

6. If A and B are subsets of the universal set U, then show that

(ii) According to the question,

(iii) According to the question,

7. Given that N = {1, 2, 3,..., 100}. Then write

(ii) According to the question,

(ii) According to the question,

(iii) According to the question,

(iv) According to the question,

(ii) According to the question,

(iii) According to the question,

12. For all sets A, B and C, show that (A – B) ∩ (A – C) = A – (B ∪ C)

13. For all sets A and B, (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A

15. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ B, then A ∩ C ⊂ B ∩ C

16. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ B, then A ∪ C ⊂ B ∪ C

17. For all sets A, B and C, if A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C, then A ∪ B ⊂ C

Using properties of sets prove the statements given in Exercises 18 to 22

18. For all sets A and B, A ∪ (B – A) = A ∪ B

19. For all sets A and B, A – (A – B) = A ∩ B

20. For all sets A and B, A – (A ∩ B) = A – B

21. For all sets A and B, (A ∪ B) – B = A – B

Is T an empty set? Justify your answer.

To check whether T is an empty set or not,

Long Answer Type

23. Let A, B and C be sets. Then show that A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

(b) Number of families which buy none of A, B and C

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