Programming
Program
• List of instructions written in programming language that is
used to control the behavior of a machine.
Ex: java
Programming Languages
• Artificial language
• Designed to communicate instructions to machine.
• Used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine.
Type of Programming Languages
Programmer
Object oriented
High level Procedural
Assembly language
Low level
Machine language
Hardware
Machine Language
• Machine Language is a language which can directly run on
CPU.
• Machines follow the language of binary system, means 0 and
1.
• Machine language is specific to particular type of machine
only ultimately all languages need to be translated machine
language.
Assembly Language
• Assembly language is a way of writing computer programs
that are very close to how the computer works.
• It is way higher level language then machine language so its
more faster and but still its hard to write and read.
ex: x86 assembly language - used in Intel and AMD processors
High Level Language
• High level languages are programming languages which are
used for writing programs or software which could be
understood by the humans and computer.
• High level languages are easier to understand for humans
because it uses lot of symbols letters phrases to represent
logic and instructions in a program.
Ex: C++, Java, Python, Ruby, JavaScript etc.
Procedural Language
• A procedure, set of commands or guidelines that must be
followed for smooth execution of the program.
• It works on step by step basis.
• It follows a top-down approach - It is carried out in a fixed
sequence with a start and end point.
• Data is not secure - There are no data-hiding features
Object Oriented/ Non-Procedural Language
• Non-procedural language which means that the programmer
defines what has to be done instead of how the task is to be
completed.
• make programming easier, more efficient, and more effective
for users with less programming skills.
• It reduces programming costs and time.
Procedural Language Object oriented
• Program is written as sequence • Program is written an the
of instructions/steps. interaction of functions between
Ex: Recipes participating objects.
Morning steps
• Top down approach. • Bottom up approach.
• Data is not secure. • Helps building secure programs.
Compiler Interpreter
• Translate high level instruction • Translate high level instruction
into machine language into an intermediate code.
• Generates an executable file like • Each and every line executed
.exe individually.
• Faster execution. • Slow execution.
Ex: C, C++ Ex: PHP, Python
