IZINKONDLO

UKUBUMBEKA KWENKONDLO/ISAKHIWO SENKONDLO

• Usithola ngokuyibuka nje ngamehlo inkondlo.
• Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sangaphandle kubhekwa lokhu okulandelayo.

AMABINZA/IZINDIMA/IZITANZA
Kubhekwa ukuthi inkondlo ihlukaniswe ngamabinza nokuthi mangaki amabinza aleyo
nkondlo.

IMIGQA
• Inani lemigqa
• Imigqa emide nemifishane
• Ukuvuleka kwemigqa ( uma lungekho uphawu lokukhanyisa ekugcineni)
• Ukuvaleka kwemigqa( Ilapho kunophawu lokukhanyisa ekugcineni)
• I-enjambament (Uma kungekho uphawu emigqeni ongenhla bese luba khona
emigqeni elandelayo (Ukungabibikho kophawu kukhombisa ukuthi umqondo
ogcizelelwa imbongi uphelela emigqeni elandelayo)
• Isikhawu/Isizura (Yilapho kutholakala uphawu lokukhanyisa phakathi nomugqa
ngezizathu ezahlukene.
Inhloso yokusetshenziswa kwemigqa kungaba ukudala isigqi(umgqumo womculo
omnnandi) esinensayo noma esisheshaya kanye nomoya wenkondlo.

IMVUMELWANO
Lokhu kusho amalunga afanayo emigqeni elandelayo.
Imvumelwano ihlukaniswe kathathu.
Imvumelwano siqalo
• Lawa amalunga afanayo ekuqaleni kwemigqa elandelanayo.
• Unkamisa uyaba ilunga eliphelele uma esekuqaleni egameni.
Imvumelawano maphakathi
• Lawa ngamalunga afanayo emagameni amaphakathi emigqeni elandelanayo.
Imvumelano sigcino
• Lawa amalunga afanayo emagameni asekugcineni emigqeni elandelanayo.

UKUXHUMANA

Kusho amagama afanayo emigqeni elandelayo. Ukuxhumana kuhlukaaniswe kanje:

Ukuxhumana okusekuqaleni/okuqondile
Lapha kubhekwa amagama afanayo ekuqaleni kwemigqa elandelanayo.
Ukuxhumana okumaphakathi
Lapha kubhekwa amagama afanayo maphakathi neigqa elandelanayo.
Ukuxhumana okusekugcineni
Lapha kubhekwa amagama afanayo ekugcineni kwemigqa elandelanayo.

OKUSHIWO YINKONDLO/UMQONDO WENKONDLO

Yilokho okuqondwe yimbongi enkondlweni isebenizisa ulimi olucebile ukukhethwa
kwamagma, imifanekisomqondo,izifengqo Kanye nezisho nezaga.

UMOYA WENKONDLO
Isimo imbongi esuke ikuso uma ibhala inkondlo.
Le simo singavela ngezindlela eziningi kanje: umuzwa wothando / wokukhathazeka/
wokubalisa njll.

INDIKIMBA
Umongo wenkondlo yonke. okubhaliwe kungaqukatha izindikimba ezahlukene
ezingajwayelekile
izindikimba eziphathelene nothando, ukufa, izimpi,ukuhlukunyezwa,ubugebengu ,uxolo
,ukholo,imfundo,ubuqhawe njll.

IMIFANEKISOMQONDO/IZITHOMBEMAGAMA

Amagama, isigejana samazwi, kanye nemisho eletha ukubona ngeso lengqondo

emicabangweni yethu, njengezifaniso, izingathekiso kanye nokwenzasamuntu:
Okuphinyiswa ngomlomo kuvela emcabangweni kanje: ukubona, umsindo-inzwa
ebonakalayo, inzwa ehogelekayo, inzwa yokuthintekayo, inzwa yokunambithekayo
nenzwa yokulalelekayo.

IZIFENGQO

Igama, isigejana samazwi noma umusho: (1) letha isithombe emqondweni

womfundi, (2) oletha ukubona ngeso lengqondo okungafundeki kanye
nokusetshenziswa kwamagama okungajwayelekile, noma (3)ukuhleleka kwamagama
okukhethekile kuveze okungajwayelekile. Ulimi oluqukethe zifengqo ubizwa
ngokuthiwa ulimi olunezifengqo bese isithombe sokubuka ngengqondo.

Izifengqo zinemisebenzi emine ebalulekile:

1. Ziyafanisa
2. Ziyaqhathanisa
3. Ziyathintanisa/ziveza ubudlelwane
4. Ziyateketisa

IZIBONELO ZEZIFENGQO KUNGABA YILEZI:

Isifenyiso, isifaniso, ihaba, ukubhuqa, ukwenzasamuntu, ukubhinqa, isathaya, indida,
upholavuthondaba, uphawu, umbuzombumbulu, isingathekiso, uvuthondaba nelithosisi.
1.Isifenyiso:( Understatement)
Lokhu ukuchaza into enkulu uyenze sengathi yinto encane.
Izibonelo:
Leyo ndoda iyahambahamba ebusuku.
Sathi ukuhamba ibangana elicishe ukuthatha usuku lonke

2.Isifaniso: (Simile)
Lapha kusuke kuqhathaniswa izinto ezimbili ezingafani, kusetshenziswa izakhi
zokufanisa ezilandelayo: njenga-, fana, kuhle, okwa-, nganga-
Izibonelo:
Lo mfana uthothobele kuhle
Le ntaba isandlu
Intombi yakhe injengelanga liphuma

3.Ihaba: (Hyperbole)
Lokhu ukuchaza into uyndise kakhulu kunento eyikho.
Izibonelo:
Libalele likhipha inhlanzi emanzini
Wayengasagijimi wayendiza
Usakhala izinyembezi zaba yimifula

4.Ukubhuqa: (Sarcasm)
Uma umuntu ebhuqa usho lokho akushoyo kusalele udosi isibuqo siyahlaba siyalumela
kasithandeki
Izibonelo:
Ungaba umfundi ohlakaniphile uma ungase uyeke imbuzi.
Ungazenzela umathanda kodwa kowakho umuzi
Baningi bamenyiwe kodwa bambalwa abayobona umbuso weZulu

5.Inhlwayizane/uhlwayizane (innuendo)
Inhlwayizane ifuze umbhuqo ngokuba nohlwayana oluhlabayo kodwa yona
iyagwegwesa ayibeki ngembaba.
Izibonelo:
Ubengazange abuthi mbibi namuhla uSigubhu kungakho ebenolaka nje
Kukhona oboleke ipeni lami ngisaphumile, bengicela alibuyise
Inkulumo yakhe ende yaphetha ngehlombe elaphaphamisa wonke umuntu

6.Ukwenzasamuntu: (Personification)
Lapha into engaphili inikwa izimpawu noma izenzo zomuntu.
Izibonelo:
Ukufa kuyisela
Umhlaba kawunoni
Intaba Umhlabashane wazi lukhulu

7.Isingathekiso (Metaphor)
Nalapha kusuke kufaniswa izinto ezimbili ezingefani umehluko ukuthi lokho
okufaniswayo sivele sikugagule ngalokho esikufanisa nako.
Izibonelo:
Intombi kamalume yilanga liphuma
Akeve eyinkomo ebholeni
Inhliziyo yakhe imnyama inenyongo

8.Ukwenzasasilwane: (Animalification)
Lapha into engaphili engesilwane inikwa izimpawu zesilwane.
Izibonelo:
Umshaye wabhonga
Umbhakele walimala

9.Umbhingqo: (Irony)
Kugqanyiswa ubunjalo bento ngokusebenzisa amagama ahlanekezela incazelo.
Izibonelo:
Wazewahlakanipha bo!
Lowo uhembekile ngoba webe imali ekhaya.
Uyasazi isiZulu ngoba ude njalo esheba nesiNgisi

10.Indida:( Paradox)
Lapha kushiwo into eyodwa kodwa kube kuqondwe enye. Amazwi abonakala kungathi
ayaphikisan kantiekujuleni kwawo ayavumelana.
Izibonelo:
Yisilima lesi sishaya zonke izifundo ngamalengiso.
Ingane inguyise wesintu
Unecala lowo ongenacala.

11.Impikisamqondo ( Oxymoron)
Impikisamqondo ihlanganisa amagama aphikisanayo ukwembulaokuthize
Izibonelo:
Le nkosikazi ihlekiswa wukukhala
Isihlangu basiphiwe basilahlile
Wavele wakhaliswa wusizi lwenjabulo
Kwahlwa emini ngalelo langa

12.Isiphikanjani (Litotes)
Lesi sifengqo sikhomba ukuvumisa impela ngokubeka amagama akuphikisayo
ukuvumisa lokho. Inhloso yokubeka igama elinomqondo ophikayo ukuthi kugcizeleleke
ukuvuma
Izibonelo:
Akusilima sindlebende kwabo
Akusoka elamanyala
Akumanga uhubhu lukabhejane
13.Impindamqondo (Tautology)
|Impindamqondo yisifengqo esiphinda umqondo ngamazwi angefani. Inhloso
ukugcizelela okuthize
Izibonelo:
Khamisa umlomo!
Ngizokubonga ngananka amehlo ekhanda
Uthisha usayinde ngesakhe isandla
Ugijime ngazpo zombili izinyawo

14.Uteku/isidlalisamagama: (Pun)
Lapha kusuke kwethulwa inkulumo engahlekisi ngendlela ehlekisayo.Igama lilinye
lisetshenziswa ngezindlela eziveza imiqondo ehlukene
Izibonelo:
Uma usuza lapha uphatha amagwinya.
Indoda ijatshuliswe amabele
Ngiyakuthanda ntombi? Ungithanda ngiyinkatha yini?

15.Isimeleli: (Synecdoche)
Ukubizwa kwento ngegama lento esondelene noma ehambisana nayo.
Izibonelo:
Isikole samphucula wayeka ukuba umdlwembe
UNdunankulu wangena indlu yasukuma yonke
Incwadi yamupha isinkwa
Umhlaba kawubongi

16.Isiqhathaniso: (Antithesis)
Le yinkulumo enemiqondo emibili eqophisanayo ehlose ukugcizelela ukuqophisana
kwayo.
Izibonelo:
Ifa leziwula lidliwa izihlakaniphi.
Abanye bayakhala, abanye bayabonga ngokwenzekile.
17.Isihlanekezelo: (Metonymy)
Ukubiza umsebenzi wento ngaleyo nto ayisebenzisayo.
Izibonelo:
tshela itekisi ukuthi lingashiyi
wasindiswa ukuveza amazinyo

18.Ifuzamsindo/ifanamsindo: (alliteration/onomatopoeia)
Le nkulumo ikhipha umsindo walokho okwenzekayo .Lapha izinhlamvu zegama zifuze
umsindo owenzeka ngempela empilweni.Ifuzamsindo lihambisana nesenzukuthi.
Izibonelo:
Bekuwubugunqugunquku kungongaphansi nongaphezulu.
Uphule induku yathi phoqo
Izimpukane zathi bhu phezu kwendle.

19.Isihlonipho: (Euphemism)
Inhlonipho isho ukusebenzisa igama elithambileyo nelizwakala kamnandi esikhundleni
segamaeliqokeme nelisindayo
Izibonelo:
Umkhahlele ngonyawo ebudodeni bakhe
Isalukazi saguqa ngamadolo ngenkathi sichitha amanzi
Uthisha ubethanda ukuba mnandi emdlalweni wabafundi
20.Isicongo /uvuthondaba: (Climax)
Uma sibhekise emshweni sivame ukukhuluma ngesicongo kanti endabeni sikhuluma
ngovuthondaba. L;Lokhu kusho ukulandelisa izigameko ngokubaluleka kwazo kuze
kufike lapho sithi kusesicongweni,okusho ukuthi esigamekweni esibaluleke kunazo
zonke.
Izibonelo:
Wahlupheka, wasebenza,wathuthuka,wanethezeka.
Ufunde, washada , wazala,wafa.

21.Umbizi: (Apostrophe)
Okhulumayo ubhekisa inkulumo yakhe kumuntu ongekho noma entweni engekho, siye
sithi umuntu/ umlobi ubizaongekho /okungekho
Izibonelo:
Kufa luphi udosi lwakho na?
Liba izindaba zakho kazixoxeki
Ngangihamba ngiwa ngivuks ebusuku-|O, wena babamkhulu wangilonda.

22.Umbuzombumbulu: (Rhetoric question)

Lona umbuzo onempendulo esobala ngakho ongadingi ukuphendulwa. Umuntu usuke
ewubuza nje ngoba usuke efuna kugcizelela okuthize kulokho okuyimpendulo
Izibonelo:
Usho ngoba ngeke ufe wena?
Ngabe kusawuthando lolu?
Ngeke kuse yini kusasa?

23.Isiqhathaniso ( Antithess)
Lesi sifengqo sigcizelela umehluko emiqondweni emibili noma ezintweni
ezimbili.isiqhathaniso sivame ukuhleleka ngendlela yokuthi umusho ube nezingxenye
eziqophisanayo.
Izibonelo:
Ikhoth’ eyikhothayo, ikhaba eyikhabayo
Lungiphonsa phansi lungiphonse phezulu
Indlala ngapha ,ukugula ngapha

(Zicashunwe: JB Hlongwane,Isilulu Solimi kanye n….)

AMASU OKUSEBENZISA UMISINDO
Ifanamsindo
Lolu wuphawu olungena ngaphansi kwemisindo eyenziwa izinhlamvu zamagama
emshweni noma emshweni eqoqene ndawonye endimeni yenkondlo. Inkondlo leyo
ihlelwa ngobungcweti obunofanangwaqa nofanankamisa.

Ifanankamisa
Umsindo otholakala nkokuphindeka konkamisa abafanayo emigqeni siwubiza
ngokuthi ifanankamisa.
Ukuphindeka konkamisa kuzwakala kamnandi kuze kube sengathi lowo mugqa
usamculo.
Ifanangwaqa umsindo wokuphindeka kongwaqa abafanayo emgqeni owodwa.
Ikhono lokuhambisana komsindo wongwaqa nemibono eyethulwa inkondlo noma
umugqa lowo kuletha isigqi esithile.

Impindamqondo
Lapha imbongi yethula imiqondo ehambisanayo, emigqeni
elandelanayo.Kungenzeka ukuthi le miqondo ivumelane noma iphikisane.
Impindamqondo isetshenziswa kakhulu ezibongweni zomdabu. Singalinganisa
ngezibongo zikaSenzangakhona lapho kuthiwa:

Isigqi
Kokunye isigqi singabizwa ngomgqumo. Isigqi sevesi noma somugqa wenkondlo
sisithola ephinjeni okuphinyiswa ngalo amalunga egama emigqeni. Ubude bemigqa
nabo buyasidala isigqa. Ilelo nalelo lunga legama liphinyiswa ngokugcizelela. Lapha
kozophawulwa ngezimpawu eziletha isigqi kanjena: (.) ngaphezu kwelunga legama
lisho umsindo ogcizelelwe; kanti (//) kusho ukuphumula kancane; kanti olunjena (:)
lona lusho umsindo ogcizelelwe.

Ifuzamsindo– Lapha kuphindwaphindwa isiqu sesenzukuthi kuchazwa into ethile.

Isb. Ubukhwishikhwishi
Ubudukluduklu
Ubufohlofohlo njl.

ITHONI
• Indlela imbongi edlulisa ngayo amazwi ngokusebenzisa iphimbo ngesikhathi
ihaya inkondlo yayo noma ibhala indaba yayo. Okungaba ukukhathazeka,
ukuhalalisa, injabulo njll.
• Iphimbo livezwa indlela amagama asesetshenziswe ngayo imbongi ukuveza
okungaphakathi kuyo njengentukuthelo.
• Imbongi ikhetha amagama akhombisa lokho efuna ukukusho.
• Indlela amagama aphimiseke ngayo kungaba nomthelela kumoya wenkondlo
Imifanekiso – mqondo
Amagama athile asetshenziswa imbongi ukusinika umfanekiso noma
Isithombe esithile uma siwafunda enkondlweni . La magama kungaba
Yizifengqo , amagama acebile ongathi uma uwafunda enkondlweni kwakheke
Isithombe esithile emqondweni wakho .Imifanekiso – mqondo ihlukene …umfanekiso
– mqondo ozwakalayo , obonakalayo , othintekayo , onambithekayo kanye
nohogelekayo .

Indikimba

Ingumongo wenkondlo . Sibheka ukuthi inkondlo ikhuluma ngani .Lokhu kungaba igama
elilodwa noma amabili .Isibonelo : Indikimba kungaba Uthando , inkolo , imfundo ,
inhlonipho , ezombusazwe njalonjalo .Imbongi isebenzisa amagama athile noma
imifanekisomqondo ekugqamiseni indikimba yenkondlo .
Umoya

Isimo imbongi eyayikuso ibhala inkondlo noma imizwa imbongi eyayikuyo

Ibhala inkondlo . Imbongi ingadlulisa umuzwa owodwa enkondlweni ize iyophela .
Kuyenzeka inkondlo ibenemizwa exubile. Inkondlo ingaveza imizwa elandelayo
:uthando , ukujabula , ukuncoma , ukugxeka , ukuncenga , ukulangazelela , ukulila ,
ukukhathazeka njalonjalo . Umoya uvezwa amagama noma imifanekisomqondo
esetshenziswe imbongi enkondlweni.

Umqondo

Ilokho okushiwo inkondlo. Siwuvezelwa amagama asetshenziswe imbongi

Enkondlweni .

Isigqi

Umgqumo othile wenkondlo olethwa umoya wenkondlo , umqondo wenkondlo ,

ukuhleleka kwemisindo namagama , ubude bemigqa kanye nezimpawu zokuloba Isigqi
singashesha noma sinense . Izibonelo : Inkondlo yesililo inesigqi esinensayo ngoba
kuyalilwa . Inkondlo eveza imizwa yenjabulo inesigqi esisheshayo ngoba kujatshulwe .

Ukuxhumana

Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama afanayo emishweni emibili elandelanayo

.Kusetshenziselwa ukugqamisa umqondo othile enkondlweni .

Imvumelwano

Ukusetshenziswa kwamalunga afanayo emishweni emibili elandelanayo .

Imvumelwano iletha isigqi enkondlweni