Definition Sub definition Key points Purpose 2 to 3 paragraphs o

EAPP own understandin

of the text

Academic -A formal text. - Written by They are clear, concise, - To disseminate

Text professionals in a structured, and backed (spread)
-Academic texts certain field. up by citation. knowledge in a
are objective and formal way.
based on facts - Follows a - To aid the
with solid bases. systematic reader’s
structure. understanding
.
STRUCTURE OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT :3
Introduction - Introduce - Gives an - They are clear and - Catch the
the topic to idea of the concise and reader’s
the topic. overview the attention.
audience. research. - Gives
- Gives the art background of
of questions the study.
and - Presents the
quotations. thesis
statement (the
central point
of the essay)
Body - Describe or - The longest - Present the To describe and
elaborate part of the arguments and develop the topic
the topic essay. (the support the thesis introduced in the
introduced meat) or answer to the introduction.
in the questions.
introduction.
- Where the
discussion
happens.
- The main
point of the
essay is
located.
Conclusion - Summarizes - Create a - A thesis - Provides a
the main strong final - A summary of lasting
idea of the impression. ideas impression to
essay. - Provides a - Future focus the readers.
- Briefly final (recommendations, - Sum up the
restate the perspective predictions, findings and
main points. of the topic. solutions, ideas of the
- Link back to suggestions) topic.
the essay - Highlight the
questions. most essential
point of the
discussion.
NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT
Structure Logically organized - To be To understand the point.
ideas. organized.
Tone - refers to the To know how to Tune – music To persuade the
attitude conveyed deliver the Tone – speaking. readers.
in a piece of message.
writing
- arguments of
others are fairly
presented and
 with an
appropriate
narrative tone

Language Clear topic To use the proper - Consider the To express the
sentences enable a language. grammar. message properly.
reader to follow - Uses a third person
your line of POV.
thinking without
difficulty
Citation quoted text that In order not to In citing: Name the To avoid plagiarism
have been used in plagiarize the author of other’s work.
a paper as a reference used. In books: state the title.
defense against
allegations of
plagiarism
Complexity addresses complex To enhance our
issues that require critical thinking skills.
higher-order
thinking skills to
comprehend
Evidence- opinions are based Based in real life To prove the points
based on a sound situation. of the topic.
Arguments understanding of
the pertinent body To prove the
of knowledge and argument is true
academic debates and has evidence
that exist within, in real-life
and often external situation.
to a specific
discipline.

FEATURES OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT :P

Complex Use of technical
words to elaborate
the text.
Formal Professional Tone
Precise The accuracy of
the text.
Objective Stating of
arguments
without personal
perceptions.
Plan To evaluate and
organize.
Responsible State facts and Citate the rightful sources
provide trustful
sources.
ACADEMIC TEXT AND SOCIAL LANGUAGE
- School - Daily
works conversations.
- Proper
punctuation
and
grammar.
- Discipline-
specific
vocabulary.
ACADEMIC TEXT NON-ACADEMIC TEXT
 - Text formal Text Informal

BOTH ARE WRITTEN WORKS

Topic Sentence The main idea. Consist of 1

paragraph.
Thesis Statement - Your ideas - The “road Should be precise.
about the map”.
topic
sentence.
- Should have
arguments.
TEXT STRUCTURES
Text Structure refer to the way Recognize the
authors organize underlying
information in structure of the
text. text.

It can help to
focus attention
on key concepts
of a text.
Definition Purpose Signal words or use Questions Own
words understanding
Narrative Narrates an To entertain, Descriptive What is the
event/story with stimulate, motivate language narrative about?
characters, setting, and guide or teach. (adjectives, adverbs, Where is it set?
conflict, point of similes, and What is the
view, and plot metaphors) conflict?
Who is telling the
 Found narrative?
 Wandered What is
 Threw happening
 Trembled
 Said
 Whispered
 Yelled
 Come across
 Stumbled
 Thought

Chronological, Present ideas or - To explain  First, second, What items,

Process, and events in the order how to do or third… events, or steps
Sequence in which they to make  Later are listed?
happen. something.  Next Do they have to/
- To explain the  Before always happen in
steps in a  Then this order?
process  Finally What sequence
 After of events is being
 When described?
 Since What are the
 Now/ major incidents
previously - that occur?
Actual use of How is this
dates structure
revealed in the
text?
Cause and Effect Provide Shows  Consequently What happened?
 explanations or relationship  Therefore Why did it
reasons for between  As a result happen?
phenomena. cause (event)  Reason why What caused it to
and effect  Because of happen?
(what  May be due
happened to
because of the
event)
Problem and Identify problems Tells about the  Consequently What is the
Solution and pose problem and then  Therefore problem?
solutions. gives one or more  As a result Why is this a
solutions  Thereby problem?
 Leads to Is anything being
 Because of done to try to
solve the
problem?
What can be
done to solve the
problem?
Compare and Discuss two ideas, Shows to more Compare: What items are
Contrast events, or things are alike  Different from being compared?
phenomena, and/or how they are  However In what ways are
showing how they different.  Although they similar?
are different and  On the other Different?
how they are hand What conclusion
similar  As opposed to does the author
 More than reach about these
less than items?
 On the What conclusion
contrary
Contrast
 Similar to
 Alike
 Same as
 Not only but
also
 Resemble
 As well as
 Both

Description A written text in  for example - What are the

this structure  characteristics most important
explains a topic,  for instance characteristics?
idea, person,  such as How is it being
place, or object by  including described (what
listing  to illustrate does it look like,
characteristics, how does it work,
features, and etc.)?
examples that What is
describe it. important to
remember about
it?
THE IMPORTANCE The readers can
OF TEXT significantly
STRUCTURE improve their
comprehension
and retention of
information when
they can identify
and recognize the
text structure of a
text. It can also
 help them:
1. Organize
information and
details they are
learning in their
minds while
reading.

2. Make
connections
between the
details being
presented in a
text.

3. Summarize the
important details
shared in a text.
5 MACRO SKILLS OF
LANGUAGE
1. Listening 2. Speaking 3. Reading 4. Writing 5. Viewing

SUMMARIZING - To summarize is simply to identify the most important information from a text. You are probably
summarizing every day without thinking about it. A summary is always much shorter than the original text, but
there is more to summarizing than simply copying some sentences from a source and leaving out other.