Logicgates-Combinational Circuits
Logicgates-Combinational Circuits
Input Output
1 0
0 1
NAND Gate
• The NAND gate operates as an AND gate
followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner
of the logical operation "and" followed by
negation. The output is "false" if both inputs
are "true." Otherwise, the output is "true."
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
XNOR Gate
• The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a
combination XOR gate followed by an inverter.
Its output is "true" if the inputs are the same,
and"false" if the inputs are different
Input 1 Input 2 Output
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
• Using combinations of logic gates, complex operations
can be performed. In theory, there is no limit to the
number of gates that can be arrayed together in a single
device.
• But in practice, there is a limit to the number of gates
that can be packed into a given physical space.
• Arrays of logic gates are found in digital integrated
circuits (ICs).
Example 3
Combinational Circuits
• Combinational circuit is circuit in which we combine
the different gates in the circuit for example encoder,
decoder, multiplexer and demultiplexer. Some of the
characteristics of combinational circuits are following.
• The output of combinational circuit at any instant of
time, depends only on the levels present at input
terminals.
• The combinational circuit do not use any memory.
• The previous state of input does not have any effect
on the present state of the circuit.
• A combinational circuit can have a n number of inputs
and m number of outputs.
Block Diagram
• Half Adder
• Half adder is a combinational logic circuit with two
input and two output.
• The half adder circuit is designed to add two single
bit binary number A and B.
• It is the basic building block for addition of two single
bit numbers.
• This circuit has two outputs carry and sum.
Half Adder
• Full Adder
Full adder is developed to overcome the
drawback of Half Adder circuit.
It can add two one-bit numbers A and B, and
carry c.
The full adder is a three input and two
output combinational circuit.
Full Adder
• N-Bit Parallel Adder
• The Full Adder is capable of adding only two
single digit binary number along with a carry
input.
• But in practical we need to add binary numbers
which are much longer than just one bit.
• To add two n-bit binary numbers we need to use
the n-bit parallel adder.
• It uses a number of full adders in cascade.
• The carry output of the previous full adder is
connected to carry input of the next full adder.
4 Bit Parallel Adder