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Hyperbolic Functions

Maths functions gr11

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15 views

Hyperbolic Functions

Maths functions gr11

Uploaded by

danaphelps2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 11 Maths

Charmaine
Functions !
Functions of the general form 𝑦 = " + 𝑞 where 𝑎, 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ≠ 0 are called
hyperbolic functions.

The effect of q
The effect of q is called a vertical shift because all points are moved the same
distance in the same direction (it slides the entire graph up or down).
• For q > 0, the graph of f(x) is shifted vertically upwards by q units.
• For q < 0, the graph of f(x) is shifted vertically downwards by q units.

The horizontal asymptote is the line y = q and the vertical asymptote is always
the y-axis, the line x = 0.

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The effect of a

The sign of a determines the shape of the graph.


• If a > 0, the graph of f(x) lies in the first and third quadrants. !
For a > 1, the graph of f(x) will be further away from the axes than 𝑦 =
" !
For 0 < a < 1, as a tends to 0, the graph moves closer to the axes than 𝑦 =
"

• If a < 0, the graph of f(x) lies in the second and fourth quadrants. !
For a < -1, the graph of f(x) will be further away from the axes than 𝑦 = −
"
For -1 < a < 0, as a tends to 0, the graph moves closer to the axes than
!
𝑦 = −"

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The effects of a and q on a hyperbola

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Exercise: Functions
#$
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = +7
"
Step 1: Examine the standard form of the equation
We see that a < 0 therefore the graph lies in the second and fourth
quadrants.

Step 2: Calculate the intercepts


For the y-intercept, let x = 0:
−4
𝑦= +7
0
This is undefined, therefore there is no y-intercept.

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For the x-intercept, let y = 0:
−4
0= +7
𝑥

−4
−7 =
𝑥

−4 4
𝑥= =
−7 7
!
This gives the point (" ; 0)

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• Step 3: Determine the asymptotes
The horizontal asymptote is the line y = 7. The vertical asymptote is
the line x = 0.
Step 4: Sketch the graph

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Example: Functions
#!
Consider the function 𝑓 𝑥 = + 1. Determine
$
a) the equations of the asymptotes
b) the coordinates of the x–intercepts.
c) Sketch the graph.
d) Write down the domain and range.
e) If the graph of f is reflected by the line having the equation
y = –x + c, the new graph coincides with the graph of f(x). Determine
the value of c.

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Solutions: Functions
a) The horizontal asymptote is y = 1 since the graph moved 1 units up and the vertical asymptote
is x = 0 since the denominator cannot equal to zero.
b) For x–intercepts let y = 0.
−4
𝑦= +1
𝑥
−4
0= +1
𝑥
−4
−1 =
𝑥

𝑥=4
So the intercept is (4; 0)

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c)Sketch
of the graph

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