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Pneumatic Control Systems

Pneumatic control systems use compressed gas, typically air, to power mechanical devices like cylinders and actuators. They have several advantages including simplicity of design and control using ON-OFF valves, safety since air is non-flammable and non-toxic, reliability with low maintenance needs, and cost-effectiveness due to inexpensive materials and low pressure operation. However, pneumatic systems have less precision than hydraulic or electric systems due to air compressibility, and are limited to lighter loads than hydraulics. The compressed air also needs purification to prevent corrosion.

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Chamari Dushyanthi
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403 views5 pages

Pneumatic Control Systems

Pneumatic control systems use compressed gas, typically air, to power mechanical devices like cylinders and actuators. They have several advantages including simplicity of design and control using ON-OFF valves, safety since air is non-flammable and non-toxic, reliability with low maintenance needs, and cost-effectiveness due to inexpensive materials and low pressure operation. However, pneumatic systems have less precision than hydraulic or electric systems due to air compressibility, and are limited to lighter loads than hydraulics. The compressed air also needs purification to prevent corrosion.

Uploaded by

Chamari Dushyanthi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

Pneumatic control system simulation by FluidSIM-P

DISCUSSION Pneumatics deals with the study and application of use of pressurized gas to affect mechanical motion. Pneumatic systems are extensively used in industry, where factories are commonly plumbed with compressed air or other compressed inert gases. This is because a centrally-located and electricallypowered compressor that powers cylinders and other pneumatic devices through solenoid valves is often able to provide motive power in a cheaper, safer, more flexible, and more reliable way than a large number of electric motors and actuator Advantages of pneumatics Simplicity of Design And Control The control machines are easy to design. i.e they can be manufactured using standard cylinders & other components. Controlling mechanism simply contains two ON-OFF states, so its easy to implement and understand. Also these components have versatile usage, they can be used in many situations. Pneumatics are easy to install and have useful mechanical movements. For an instance Straight-line movements can be obtained without further adjustments, such as levers, cams...etc Safe to use Pneumatic controls have high safety profile due to many reasons. Airs used in these are fire proof, and less vulnerable to explosions and electric hazards. These are adoptable in extreme weather conditions, and we can rely on their continuous operation. This is because compressed air can stay in good condition in high temperature fluctuations, unlike hydraulic systems that tend freeze or boil in these situations. Even a leak occur there is less chance of getting fire. Also there is no toxicity in air used, so we can expect no harm to living beans. Since pneumatics are sound in safety, very less precautions need to be taken. Reliability Pneumatic control mechanism is well known for its long lasting operation life time. In fact they need very little maintenance but operate continuously with high reliability. Air /gas used as the working fluid is less likely to damage the equipments since gas are good in absorption of shock, and excessive forces, but hydraulics react directly transferring the stress to mechanical parts. Clean Since working fluid is purified air, there is no messy waste produce at the end of the day. A little leak will not make the surrounding shady. Also, since air is used no risk of toxic hazards to machines or humans. Industries like pharmaceutical, food..etc tend prefer pneumatics for their cleanness. Cost Effective This is a very economical controlling mechanism. The Pneumatics require low maintenance cost, since wear of equipments are very less. These operates at low pressure , so equipments can be produced for low cost using cheap materials. In contrast hydraulic controlling systems require high pressure, so need tough materials, which comes in high prices.

Light in weight Air is very light compared with other fluids, which are very heavy. They don't need high power to transfer. Storage Compressed Gas can be stored easily, and once compressed, above a certain threshold level they can be operate without further need of compressing. This feature allows the use of machines when electrical power is lost. Easily transported Air is easily obtainable from atmosphere and can be used with little purification. Air can be pumped to long distances in pipelines, so can control pneumatic equipments for long distances. This makes central controlling possible. This also requires no return line, so easy to manage and cost effective. High speed working medium Compressed air controllers are able to achieve high work speeds, the flow rate may go up to 20 m/s, while hydraulics is restricted around 5m/s. Safe operation in Overloads The shock absorbent properties of air make overloading safe. Under excessive forces air can compress easily avoiding damage to equipments. Variable pressure Pneumatic systems can work in various pressures; this also allows the speed control.

Disadvantages of pneumatics

Air is largely compressible, which may be good for some reasons, but the major drawback is the inefficiency in accurate positioning and speed controlling. These often need to be tuned to work correct and sound. Since Compressible, not possible to achieve uniform and constant piston speeds.

Unable to work with heavy loads (commonly used working pressure of 7 bar, they require output force is economical only up to about 20 KN to 30 KN ) Unlike hydraulics or electrical system these cant be used for heavily loaded operation.

Air used needs to be purified; air containing moisture may lead to corrosion of the equipments.

Pneumatic systems

Air brakes on buses and trucks Air compressors Air engines for pneumatically powered vehicles Barostat systems used in Neurogastroenterology and for researching electricity Cable jetting, a way to install cables in ducts Compressed-air engine and compressed-air vehicles Gas-operated reloading Pneumatic actuator Pneumatic cylinder Pneumatic motor Pneumatic tire Pressure sensor Pressure switch Vacuum pump

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