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Atomic THeory

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Abhir Appaiah
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5 views2 pages

Atomic THeory

Uploaded by

Abhir Appaiah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ATOMIC

THEORY
JOHN DALTON
Model Name: BIlliard ball
Elements are made of extremely small particles
called atoms
Atoms are small, hard spheres with no internal
parts
Atoms are indivisible and indestructible
the experiment that led to the discovery was
combining oxygen with volumes of nitric oxide
in a covered container over water
JJ THOMSON
Model name: Plum pudding atomic
theory
An electron is 2000 times lighter than a
proton
Atoms are made up of thousands of
electrons
Thompson believed that atoms were
surrounded by a cloud of positive, as well of
negative charges
J.J. Thomson's experiments with cathode ray

ERNEST tubes showed that all atoms contain tiny


negatively charged subatomic particles or

RUTHERFORD electrons

Model: The nuclear model


The protons and neutrons of an atom are located
in the nucleus of an atom and contain almost all
the mass of the atom
Proposed that negatively charged electrons
surround the nucleus of the atom
Claimed that the electrons surround the nucleus
at very high speeds, and circular paths called
“orbits”
Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the
atom is mostly empty space containing a tiny,
dense, positively-charged nucleus. Because most
alpha particles went through the gold foil
NEIL BOHR
Bohr Model
Neil Bohr suggested that electrons orbit the
nucleus at fixed energy levels
Electrons do not move in-between orbitals
The Franck-Hertz experiment was used to
support the Bohr model of the atom. In the
experiment, electrons were accelerated through
a low-pressure gas. Collisions of the electrons
with the gas atoms could provide enough energy
for the electrons in the gas atoms to move
from one energy level to another.

ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER
the quantum mechanical model of
the atom
This model proposed by Erwin Schrödinger
treats electrons as matter waves
Electrons do not follow sharply defined
orbits but rather are found in orbitals as
waves
Schrödinger also deduced a formula to
calculate the energy levels of electrons in
atoms (H ^ ψ = E ψ)
Schrödinger had no experimental proof and
sed wave equations instead
Citations
Dalton
https://homework.study.com/explanation/what-is-the-billiard-ball-
model.html#:~:text=The%20Billiard%20Ball%20model%20of,number%20ratios%20to%20form%20compounds.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-
12)/04%3A_Atomic_Structure/4.06%3A_Dalton's_Atomic_Theory

Thomson
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/atomic-structure-and-
properties/history-of-atomic-structure/a/discovery-of-the-electron-and-
nucleus#:~:text=Summary,positively%2Dcharged%20%22soup.%22

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