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CT Midterm

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19 views3 pages

CT Midterm

Uploaded by

mrgrttcorpuz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CT scan

Constants:

High frequency generator - most powerful Single phase - 1


voltage, expensive
3 phase, 6 pulse - 1.35
3 phase, 12 pulse - most common generator
3 phase, 12 pulse - 1.41
Voltage ripple - (ripple means fluctuation,
HFG - 1.45
changes) insability of volatage

Formula: HU= mA x kVp x constant


Single pulse- 100% (High Voltage Generator)
EX:
3 phase, 6 pulse - 86-87 % (HVG)
GIVEN:
3 phase, 12 pulse - 96-97%(HVG), voltage =3-4
percent constant) 200 mA
High frequency generator - 1% or <1%(less than 0.05 s
1 percent), voltage = almost constant
80kVp

3, 12 pulse (1.41)

Large focal spot (1mm) - for high power ratings


(up to 60 kW) = 200x80x1.41 = 22,560HU

Small focal spot (0.6mm) for low power rating


<25kw Housing - 1-2 MHU

Anode 350,000 MHU


Heat capacity of xray tube in general
radiography
Filters - copper or aluminum filter are used
Max. - 1-2 mega heat units (1-2 MHU)
- to reduce xray
Heat units (HU) - unit of heat capacity of the
xray tube (special unit) - 70 kVp = thickness of aluminum filtration
should be 2.5 mm (total filtration )
Formula: HU= mA x kVp x constant
- 1.5 for added filtration
Joule (J)- Unit for measuring heat ( for energy or
heat)

Calorie - most commonly use for measurinv Section thickness - pre patient collimator (1-
heat 10mm)

Electron volts (eV) - sepcial unit, use to refer to 5mm - most common section thickness
teb energy of the IR
1 mm - for very high resolution 3,500

Thinner the slice increases the scan time - standard revolution per minute (RPM) of
anode
HU = mA x kVp x constant
- most common RPMS of the rotor

10,000

- maximum RPM
anode - 350,000 HU (350 kHU)
- why use high RPMS: the rotor helps to
1200 mA - maximum mA applicable for x-ray
disperse heat
15 mins - waiting time to cool down
better resolution - small focal spot (longer
tube housing exposure time)

- 1-2 MHU

- 1-2 hrs 1HU = 0.74J

- 60-90 mins

3 most common causes of x-ray tube failure: purpose of collimator

1. long exposure time - it will lead to damage to 1. reduce scatter radiation


bearings
2. to control the amount of x-rays reaching the
2. single excessive exposure - relieve to arcing IR
of the anode
2 types of collimators
3. tungsten vaporization - most common cause
1. pre patient
arcing
- controls the slice thickness and px dose
- ditting or cracking
2. post patient
3,410 deg. C
- does not control px dose
- melting of point tungsten
- also called pre-detector collimator
pyrex glass
2 types of detector
- common material used in housing
1. gas detector
negative - charge of filament
- xenon: commonly used
positive - charge of anode
2. scintillation detector
space charge
- cadmium tungstate: commonly used
- cloud of electron
- sodium iodide-thallium activated crystals
thermionic - emission of (NaTl): first scintillation crystal used
a. cesium iodide

b. bismuth germanate

c. calcium fluoride

d. cadmium tungstate

gas detectors are naturally occuring

- not commonly used because of hygroscopic

- hygroscopic: ability to absorb moisture

solid state needs to formulate

- most commonly used today

aluminum, copper - material of container

fan beam (1-10m)

- image slice

photomultiplier tube (PMT)

- multiplies the photons

3 main portions of PMT

1. photocathode

- purpose: converts x-rays to light

- light to e-

2. dynode

- multiply the electrons

- up to x13

3. collecting anode

- collect the electrons

analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

- converts electrical signal into image

scintillant

- other term of scintillation crystals

for gas detector:

tube —> px —> gas —> ionization —> signal

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