UNIVERSITY OF CEBU

Maritime Education Program

SEAMANSHIP 1
Course: BSMT-1 Topic:
Period: 1st Sem S.Y. 2023-2024
Week: 13-16
Overview
• The discussion is all about surface preparation techniques and
painting, lubrication and cleaning Materials, helm orders specifically
the Standard Helm Orders, Manner of Giving Correct Helm Orders and
Ship Terms and Definition
Learning Outcomes
• LO 4.8: Explain the importance of lubrication, and
maintenance of deck equipment / machineries.
• LO 5.1: Explain the importance of standard helm orders.
Introduction
A helmsman or helm (sometimes driver or steersman)
is a person who steers a ship, sailboat, submarine, other
type of maritime vessel, or spacecraft. The rank and
seniority of the helmsman may vary: on small vessels
such as fishing vessels and yachts, the functions of the
helmsman are combined with that of the skipper; on
larger vessels, there is a separate officer of the
watch who is responsible for the safe navigation of the
ship and gives orders to the helmsman, who physically
steers the ship in accordance with those orders.
In the merchant navy, the person at the helm is usually
an able seaman, particularly during ship arrivals,
departures, and while maneuvering in restricted waters or
other conditions requiring precise steering. An ordinary
seaman is commonly restricted to steering in open
waters. Moreover, military ships may have
a seaman or quartermaster at the helm.
Topic
• Surface Preparation Techniques and Painting
• Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
• Helm Orders
- Standard Helm Orders
- Manner of Giving Correct Helm Orders
- Ship Terms and Definition
Surface PreparationTechniques
• The effectiveness of cleaning using
power tools rather than abrasive or
water blasting methods depends on
the effort and endurance of the
operator as working above shoulder
height is especially tiring.
Surface PreparationTechniques
• When de-rusting, turn smaller patches of
rust into one larger area by removing the
paint between the rust patches. Remove
rust manually or mechanically by use of
power tools. Mechanical removal is
recommended as it offers higher efficiency
and better results

• After de-rusting remember to remove all

particles etc. from the prepared surface
prior to painting. If possible, use the
working air available on deck.
Surface PreparationTechniques
• On board maintenance may involve abrasive or
water blasting, power and/or hand tool
preparation depending upon the size and
location of the area to be prepared and painted.

• As with edge preparation, a higher standard of

surface preparation will result in a longer and
more effective coating performance

• Solvent cleaning is a process of using solvents or

other cleaning compounds, to remove oil, grease
and other similar contaminants.
Surface PreparationTechniques
This process is best utilized as a preliminary
step in the total surface preparation procedure,
since subsequent cleaning processes, such as
abrasive blasting, may simply spread some of
the contaminants more thinly over the surface
rather than completely removing them
Surface PreparationTechniques
• Clean all surfaces using water soluble
detergent and high pressure fresh water.
Remove salt, oil, grease, loose coating, dirt
and detergent prior to de-rusting.

• Painted surfaces should always be rubbed

down wet to reduce dust from the old
paint, which may be toxic if inhaled.

• Where the dust is known to contain lead,

other dust treating methods should be
used. Dust masks should be worn as
protection against other dusts.
Surface PreparationTechniques
Procedures of De-rusting
1. Irregular and pitted surfaces may require a combination of the
various power tool cleaning methods to maximize effectiveness.
2. Needle guns and other pounding-type instruments are effective to
some degree in removing thick rust and scale and are frequently used
by ships crew for maintenance of vessels in service.
3. Rotary wire brushing method has some merits, depending upon the
condition of the surface. Loose “powdery” rust can be removed, but
hard scale rust will resist the abrasion of the wire bristles.
Surface PreparationTechniques
4. Hand tool cleaning method is the slowest and usually the least
satisfactory method of surface preparation. It is frequently used in
confined areas where power tool access is not possible.
5. Scrapers, chipping hammers or chisels can be used to remove
loose, non adherent paint, rust or scale but it is a laborious method
and very difficult to achieve a good standard of surface preparation
Painting
• For one component paint, be sure to stir the
paint using a mechanical mixer for minimum two
minutes, until the paint is homogeneous before
use.

• For two component paint, Consult the technical

data sheet for the correct mixing ratio. Stir both
component A (base) and component B (curing
agent) separately before adding them together
in a clean tin. Then stir the two components
together for minimum two minutes, until you
have a homogeneous mixture, using a
mechanical mixer. If stirring is done manually,
more time is needed.
Painting
The normal methods of application of paint
coatings are by:

• Brush - a relatively slow method and is

generally used for the coating of small
complicated or complex areas; used for
applying surface tolerant primers

• Roller - faster than with a brush on large,

flat surfaces, such as walkways and deck
areas; can be used for applying stripe coats
under certain circumstances to areas such
as rat holes and cut outs
Painting
The normal methods of application of paint
coatings are by:

• Conventional Spray - paint under pressure and

air are fed separately to the spray gun and mixed
at the nozzle; paint is atomized and air is mixed
with these droplets forming a fine mist of paint
which is carried by the air pressure to the work
surface

• Airless Spray – allows the rapid application of

large volumes of paint as well as the application
of high build coatings without thinning;
atomization is achieved by forcing the paint
through a specially designed and precisely
Painting
There are a number of factors which must be
considered when marine coatings are
applied.

The major ones include:

• Condition of the substrate

• Temperature
• Relative humidity
• Weather conditions
• Condensation
• Ventilation
Remember to mark off or cordon the painted
area before it fully dries.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
All rotating parts of the mooring
equipment, which would include rollers,
fairleads, winch drums, deck stands etc.
must be moved and lubricated on a
frequent basis.

Multipurpose grease is the best

lubricant for such applications (check
the vessel’s lubricating chart for the right
application). Normally, high pressure
grease guns are used for this kind of
work.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Particular attention must be given to the
roller fairleads and deck stands as these
often suffer from little use and are
thereby neglected.

Rollers should turn smoothly and must

be checked for integrity as corrosion
may have weakened them.

Moving parts of other ship equipment

like the accommodation ladder, mooring
winches, and windlasses should also be
greased.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
To avoid corrosion, entail a longer life and evade
subsequent damage due to consistent wear and
tear of the wire ropes, regular and proper lubrication
is vital.

A lubricant used for wire ropes must therefore:

• Be free of additives and compounds which result

in corrosive reactions or degeneration
• Be water-resistant and non-emulsifying
• Not contain grit, sand, other abrasives, water,
chlorine, or similar impurities
• Have high-quality layering properties
• Be able to penetrate easily to the core of the wire
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Types of Grease:

1. Asphalt- based lubricants that These products are applied on the wire ropes by way
of brushing, swabbing or painting.
2. Paraffin Wax- based lubricants are another set of products that can be used for wire
rope maintenance. These generally used without additives or solvents which means
they are to be melted before application. They too are applied over the wire ropes by
either brushing or swabbing.
3. Synthetic Oil- based lubricants are considered to be the best of them all. They are
high performance multi-fits generally applied with lithium based additives / solvents
for providing adequate viscosity and thickness, contain anti-corrosive compounds
with rust inhibitors and are water-resistant. These special lubricants are applied over
wire ropes using pressurized lubricators for forced penetration.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Use of Grease Gun:

Grease gun is used as a lubricant because it clings

to a machine’s moving surfaces without easily
leaking away like oil. For this reason, the filling and
refilling of grease in grease-lubricated machines
must be treated differently than that of oil-lubricated
machines. Therefore, it is essential that the proper
grease gun operation is understood and managed
by lubrication for bearing and machine reliability.
Simply knowing the signs of overgreasing and
undergreasing and how often to reapply can go a
long way in extending machinery life.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Parts of Grease Gun:

1. Lever- The lever is used in manual configurations

of the grease gun for hand-pumping the grease
from the barrel to the hose or tube.
2. Barrel-The barrel is the exoskeleton of the
grease gun that houses either the grease tube or
the grease supplied from bulk storage.
3. Trigger and Handle-The trigger and handle are
used in manual configurations of the grease gun
for hand-pumping the grease from the barrel to
the hose or tube in a similar way as ever the
lever
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Parts of Grease Gun:

4. Grease Tube- The grease tube (or cartridge) is

an inserted housing of grease that is replaceable
when grease is depleted.
5. Hydraulic Coupler- The hydraulic coupler (or
connector) is the connection point that holds the
hose or fixed tube attached to the head of the
grease gun.
6. Filler Nipple- The filler nipple is the injection point
for grease from a filler pump.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Parts of Grease Gun:

7. Head- The head of the grease gun contains

grease pathways and valves that allow the pumping
of grease to travel from the barrel into the flexible
hose or fixed tube.
8. Air-Release Nipples-The air-release nipple allows
air to escape after new grease has been added to
the grease gun and pumped into the head.
9. Spring- The spring provides the pressure onto the
plunger.
10.Follower Handle- The follower handle offers a
grip when pulling the follower rod prior to inserting a
new grease tube.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Parts of Grease Gun:

11. Follower Rod- The follower rod (piston rod,

barrel rod, plunger rod) helps the plunger follow a
uniform path as it keeps pressure on the bottom end
of the grease tube. It also acts in pulling back the
spring prior to inserting a new grease tube.
12. Plunger-The plunger provides uniform pressure
to the back end of the grease tube as grease is
depleted.
13. Flexible Hose- The flexible hose is used
interchangeably with a fixed tube for flexible
positioning of the connector or coupler.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Parts of Grease Gun:

14. Fixed Tube- The fixed tube is a rigid form of a

flexible hose.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Procedure of using a Grease Gun:

1. Calculate the proper amount of grease needed

for the relubrication of bearings based upon the
calibrated delivery volume of the selected grease
gun.
2. Use a vent plug on the relief port of the bearing
to help flush old grease and reduce the risk of too
much pressure on the bearing.
3. Use extreme caution when loading grease into
the grease gun to ensure that contaminants are
not introduced. If using a cartridge, be careful
when removing the metal lid so that no metal
slivers are introduced into the grease.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Procedure of using a Grease Gun:

4. Make sure the grease gun is clearly marked to identify

the grease with which it should be charged. Do not use any
type of grease other than that which is identified.
5. Always make sure the dispensing nozzle of the grease
gun is clean before using. Pump a small amount of grease
out of the dispensing nozzle and then wipe the nozzle off
with a clean rag or lint-free cloth before attaching it to the
grease fitting.
6. Clean the grease fitting of all dirt before attaching the
grease gun. Inspect and replace damaged fittings. It is
helpful to use grease-fitting caps to keep them clean, but
still wipe fittings clean before applying grease.
Lubrication and Cleaning Materials
Procedure of using a Grease Gun:

7. Ensure that the proper grease is used at every grease

point. Applying the wrong grease can cause an
incompatibility problem, which can quickly cause bearing
failure. Lubrication points should be clearly identified as to
which grease is to be used. This can be done with colored
labels, adhesive dots or paint markers.
8. Grease guns should be stored unpressurized in a clean,
cool and dry area and in a horizontal position to help keep
the oil from bleeding out of the grease. Grease gun clamps
make storage easy and organized. Also, cover the coupler
to keep it free from dirt and contaminants.
9. Calibrate grease guns regularly to ensure the proper
delivery volume.
Q&A Session
Thank you for listening!
Lesson
Completed