Sci6 - PPT - Weather, Climate & Ice Age

6TH Grade
The Great
Adventure
Water Molecules IN different
weathers & climates
EARTH SCIENCE
01
Weather & Climate
How are they different?
IN THIS TOPIC YOU WILL:
● Learn the difference between weather and climate

● Make observations of the weather
Key words: atmosphere, climate, climatology, humidity,

meteorology, statistics, visibility, weather
What is ‘weather’?
Weather is the state of the

atmosphere and its changes
from hour to hour, day to day, or
week to week.
Weather is the combination of

temperature, humidity,
precipitation, cloudiness,
visibility, and wind.
Factors that Affect WEATHER
Temperature Humidity Precipitation

How hot or cold the air is How much water vapor Any liquid or frozen water that
there is in the atmosphere forms in the atmosphere and
falls back to the Earth
cloudiness VISIBILITY Wind

The state of being cloudy How far or how clearly you The movement of air,
can see in particular caused by the uneven
weather conditions heating of the Earth
Describe the weather in each picture.
Tracking the Weather
● Why do countries take careful measurements of the weather?
○ Predict what will happen next
○ See patterns in the weather
○ Provide information about the weather over time.
● Why should we be prepared for severe weathers?

E.g., Storms and heat waves can affect:
○ The transport systems
○ Production of food
○ How much power people need to run their homes
○ What to buy in the shops

Weather History & Forecast
https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/indonesia/jakarta/historic
Jakarta
Climate
https://www.timea
nddate.com/weat
her/indonesia/jak
arta/climate
What’s the difference?
Weather Climate
Short-term atmospheric The long-term pattern of
conditions weather in a particular
area
Weather or Climate?
Weather Climate
Long-term pattern of weather
Short-term atmospheric condition
(average weather over years)
Can change in an hour or minutes Takes years to change
Factors: temperature, humidity, wind, 2 key factors: temperature &

cloudiness, precipitation, visibility, etc. precipitation
Study of weather: meteorology Study of climate: climatology

Climate
Zones
Climate Zone Description Example
Polar Very cold and dry all year round Antarctica
Temperate Cold winters and mild summers UK
Arid Dry and hot all year round Sahara Desert
Tropical Hot and wet all year round Brazil
Mediterranean Dry, hot summers and mild winters Spain
Mountain Very cold, sometimes wet, all year Himalayas

Very cold and dry all year
Polar Zone
●
● US (Alaska), Canada (Yukon, NW
Territories, Nunavut), Norway, Sweden,
Finland, Iceland, and Denmark
(Greenland), Russia, Antarctica
Cold winters, mild summers
TEMPERATE
●
● Countries of Europe, USA, Canada, Middle
ZONE East, North Africa, New Zealand, India,
Japan, Uruguay
Dry and hot all year round
Arid Zone
●
● Afghanistan, Algeria, Australia, Central
Asia, Egypt, Iraq, Kazakhstan, South
Africa, etc.
Hot and wet all around
Tropical
●
● Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean,
Zone Morocco, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, countries of
Southeast Asia, northern Australia
Dry, hot summers and mild winters
Mediterranean
●
● Greece, France, Israel, Egypt, Italy,
Zone Morocco, Turkey, etc.
Very cold, sometimes wet all year
Mountain
●
● Rockies of North America, Andes of South
America, Alpine system of Europe, mountain
Zone backbones of Central America, the
Himalayas and Tibetan Pleteau, etc.
Climate Zone Description Example
Polar Very cold and dry all year round Antarctica
Temperate Cold winters and mild summers UK
Arid Dry and hot all year round Sahara Desert
Tropical Hot and wet all year round Brazil
Mediterranean Dry, hot summers and mild winters Spain
Mountain Very cold, sometimes wet, all year Himalayas

Blooket Username: Name & Class
Think – Pair - Share
● Which climate zone do
you live in?
● What is the difference
between the climate in
the arid zone and the
tropical zone?
● What are the differences
between the climate in
the temperate zone and
the mediterranean zone?
02
The Ice Age
How did it happen? Will it happen again?
IN THIS TOPIC YOU WILL:
● Learn about one of the many Ice Age theories

● Learn about the Biblical explanation for the ice age
Key words: boulder, cycle, glacial period, glaciers, ice

ages, interglacial period, peat bog
What is the ice age?
What evidence is there to

show that the Earth was
much cooler in the past?
Ice Sheets
● About 30% of the
world used to be
covered by ice
sheets.
● Name a part of the
Earth that was
covered with ice but
is no longer covered
with ice.
https://www.history.com/topics/pre-history/ice-
age#:~:text=At%20the%20height%20of%20the,Scandinavia%2C%20Russia%20and%20South%20America.
Present day: About
10% of earth is
covered in ice – only
at the poles, some
mountains & glaciers
Why do scientists know the
earth was colder in the past?
Boulders (big rocks) like in the picture
might be carried to their strange
positions by ancient glaciers.
● Glaciers: rivers of ice that move
slowly downhill
● Glaciers are formed from snow that,
over many years, become
compressed into thick masses of ice.
● The glaciers carry rocks with them.
● If the glacier melts, the rocks are left
behind.
Why do scientists know the
earth was colder in the past?
Evidences of Glaciers
1. Strangely-located boulders in parts
of the Earth that are much warmer
now
2. Fossils of animals and plants that
were adapted to live in very cold
places
3. Scratches on the rock surfaces,
where the moving ice dragged
other rocks across them.
Imagine you were Willy the
Woolly Mammoth. Tell the story
of how you became extinct.
What do some scientists believe about the Ice Age?
Glacial Periods
● The very cold period when Yuka lived was called a
GLACIAL PERIOD because so much of the Earth was frozen.
○ ‘Glacial’ means ‘frozen’.
○ The ice spreads much further south from the North
Pole and further north from the South Pole.
● Today, Earth is in an INTERGLACIAL PERIOD.
○ ‘Inter’ means ‘between’.
○ There is permanent ice close to North and
South Poles.
● Some believe that the Earth’s climate has cycled,
or swung, between glacial and interglacial periods.
Ice Ages
● The cycle of glacial periods and
inter-glacial periods did not
always happen.
● There were long periods where
there was no permanent ice on
its surface, not even at the North
or South Pole.
● In between these warm periods
were cold periods (with glacials
and interglacials) known as the
ice ages.
● Some scientists think that the
whole Earth was covered with ice
and snow during an ice age.
Pollen evidence for glacial
and interglacial periods
● Plants decay when they die.
● In some conditions, without
oxygen and slightly acid, the
decay is very slow and a peat
bog (deposit of dead plant) may
be formed.
● The different layers of peat
represent different periods: the
deeper the peat, the older it is.
● Scientists can use an auger to
remove a core of the peat bog.
● In New Zealand, a
scientist extracted a core
of soil from a peat bog.
● He collected polled from
different parts of the core.
● He identified the plants
from which the pollen
came.
● He knew the type of
climate that each plant
can live in, so he was able
to work out the climate
changes in the past.
Where does the Ice Age
fit in the Bible narrative?
https://www.icr.org/article/the-bible-best-explains-the-ice-age
Ice Age from a Biblical &
scientific Perspective
https://creation.com/the-ice-age
https://answersingenesis.org/environmental-science/ice-age/
Where does the ice age fit?

https://answersingenesis.org/environmental-science/ice-age/where-
does-the-ice-age-fit/
When was the ice age?

https://answersingenesis.org/environmental-science/ice-age/when-
was-the-ice-age-in-biblical-history/
What started the ice age?

https://answersingenesis.org/environmental-science/ice-age/setting-
the-stage-for-an-ice-age/
How the flood caused the
great ice age
1) Cool summers 2) Abundant moisture 3) Mild winters
• Caused by • Warm oceans • Warm oceans heat
massive after the flood up the air that
volcanic • More evaporation spread inland
more humidity → • Results in a delay
eruption right
after the flood more of glaciation at
condensation → lower altitudes
• Volcanic
more until mid-ice age
eruptions
precipitation because of the
cause global
(snow) for rapid warm waters
cooling
ice age
Post-Flood Ice Age
We can calculate Evidences (e.g., Post-flood ice age
how long the ice glaciers in explains the
age lasted by using Alberta) show extinction of
the change in that there has animals after the
temperature of the ice age.
only been one ice
ocean. Climate at the end
age. More & more
The ice age of the ice age: dry,
secular scientists
lasted for about believe so too. strong winds, dust
500-700 years. storms
Imagine you were Willy the
Woolly Mammoth. Tell the story
of how you became extinct.

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6TH Grade

● Learn the difference between weather and climate

Key words: atmosphere, climate, climatology, humidity,

Weather is the state of the

Weather is the combination of

Temperature Humidity Precipitation

cloudiness VISIBILITY Wind

○ See patterns in the weather

○ Provide information about the weather over time.

● Why should we be prepared for severe weathers?

○ How much power people need to run their homes

○ What to buy in the shops

Can change in an hour or minutes Takes years to change

Factors: temperature, humidity, wind, 2 key factors: temperature &

Study of weather: meteorology Study of climate: climatology

Polar Very cold and dry all year round Antarctica

Temperate Cold winters and mild summers UK

Arid Dry and hot all year round Sahara Desert

Tropical Hot and wet all year round Brazil

Mediterranean Dry, hot summers and mild winters Spain

Mountain Very cold, sometimes wet, all year Himalayas

Polar Very cold and dry all year round Antarctica

Temperate Cold winters and mild summers UK

Arid Dry and hot all year round Sahara Desert

Tropical Hot and wet all year round Brazil

Mediterranean Dry, hot summers and mild winters Spain

Mountain Very cold, sometimes wet, all year Himalayas

● Learn about one of the many Ice Age theories

Key words: boulder, cycle, glacial period, glaciers, ice

What evidence is there to

Where does the ice age fit?

When was the ice age?

What started the ice age?

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