IOT Based Real Time Water Grade Monitoring System

Internship Report submitted to

Ramaiah Institute of Technology
Bengaluru
(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU)
In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering

For the Academic Year 2023-24 Submitted by

KUSUMA B L(1MS20ET028)

Under the guidance of

Dr Parimala P
Supervisor, ETE Department, RIT

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU)

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Bengaluru-560054
May 2024
 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering

CERTIFICATE
Certified the internship work entitled “IOT Based real time water grade monitoring system” carried
out by KUSUMA B L (1MS20ET028) bonafide student of Ramaiah Institute of Technology,
Bengaluru, in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering of the Visveswaraiah Technological University, Belgaum during the
year 2023-24. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have
been incorporated in the report deposited in the department library. The Internship report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of internship work prescribed for the
said Degree.

Dr. Parimala P Dr. B.K. SUJATHA Dr. Ramya H R

Guide Head of the Department Internship Coordinator Department of

ETE, RIT Department of ETE, RIT Department of ETE, RIT

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated Institute Affiliated to VTU)

Vidya Soudha, Jana Gangothri MSR

Nagar, Bengaluru- 560 054, Karnataka

 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship entitled “IOT Based real time water grade monitoring system”
has been carried out independently by me, under the guidance of Dr. Parimala P, Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru. This report has not
been submitted in part or full for the award of any degree of this or any other University.

KUSUMA B L (1MS20ET028)
ETE, RIT,
Bangalore- 560054

Place: Bengaluru
Date: 20/4/24

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Bengaluru - 560 054

 ABOUT THE INDUSTRY

The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers

The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) is India's leading recognised
professional society devoted to the advancement of Science and Technology of Electronics,
Telecommunication & IT. Founded in 1953. The IETE is the National Apex Professional body of
Electronics and Telecommunication, Computer Science and IT Professionals. It serves more than
1,25,000 members (including Corporate, Student and ISF members) through various 63 Centres,
spread all over India and abroad. The Institution provides leadership in Scientific and Technical areas
of direct importance to the national development and economy. Government of India has recognised
IETE as a Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (SIRO) and also notified as an educational
Institution of national eminence. The objectives of IETE focus on advancing electro-technology. The
IETE conducts and sponsors technical meetings, conferences, symposia, and exhibitions all over
India, publishes technical journals and provides continuing education as well as career advancement
opportunities to its members.

The IETE focuses on advancement of the Science and Technology of Electronics,

Telecommunication, Computers, Information Technology and related areas. Towards this end the
Institution promotes and conducts basic engineering and continuing technical education programmes
for human resource development.
 ABSTRACT

Now a days we are facing water problems due to due to the pollution of water in rivers and lakes. So,
to overcome this problem and to see if the water is good for using or not, we have thought about a
certain system which can measure the quality of water and check whether it’s useful or not. To
examine the safe supply of the water, the quality of water needs to be monitored in real time. This
project is developed and designed for real-time monitoring of water quality using the Internet of
Things. The proposed system consists of some sensors that are used to measure the parameters of the
water. The parameters used in this system are conductivity, turbidity, and pH value using a solar panel.
The measured values can be processed by using the Arduino Mega. Finally, the device information is
shipped or delivered to a web or cloud server using the Wi-Fi module. The deteriorating quality of
water sources and the increasing demand for clean and safe drinking water necessitate efficient water
grade detection and monitoring systems. This abstract presents an overview of an Internet of Things
(IoT)-based solution developed for water grade detection and monitoring. The proposed system utilizes
IoT technologies to collect and analyse real-time data from water sources, enabling continuous
monitoring of water quality parameters. The system incorporates multiple sensors to measure various
parameters, including pH level, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen.
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Objectives

2. BACKGROUND THEORY
2.1 Background theory about the area of internship

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

4. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT DETAILS OF INTERNSHIP

5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES

4.1.1 Arduino Mega Board

4.1.2 PH Sensor
4.1.3 TemperatureSensor
4.1.4 Turbidity Sensor
4.1.5 Wi-Fi Module
4.1.6 LCD Display
4.1.7 Jumper Wires
4.1.8 Arduino IDE Software icon
4.1.9 Arduino IDE Sketch Book
CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

In an era where environmental sustainability is paramount, the need for effective water quality
management has never been more pressing. Traditional methods of water quality assessment often lack
real-time data acquisition capabilities, leaving room for delayed responses to potential contaminants or
degradation. However, the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology presents a
groundbreaking solution: a real-time water grade monitoring system.

The IoT-based real-time water grade monitoring system represents a paradigm shift in water quality
management. By leveraging interconnected sensors and advanced data analytics, this innovative system
enables continuous monitoring of water parameters with unprecedented accuracy and immediacy. From
detecting pollutants to assessing water clarity, temperature, and pH levels, every aspect of water quality
can now be monitored in real-time, facilitating proactive interventions and ensuring the safety of water
resources.

1.2 MOTIVATION

The motivation behind implementing an IoT-based real-time water grade monitoring system is rooted
in the urgent need to address critical challenges facing water quality management. With growing
concerns over public health, environmental conservation, and resource optimization, traditional
monitoring methods fall short in providing timely and comprehensive insights into water quality
dynamics. By harnessing IoT technology, this innovative system offers a proactive approach to
safeguarding water resources. It empowers stakeholders with real-time data on water parameters,
enabling swift detection of contaminants, proactive interventions, and optimized resource allocation.
Moreover, the system enhances resilience to climate change, promotes data-driven decision-making,
and fosters community engagement and transparency in water management efforts.
1.3 OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of implementing an IoT-based real-time water grade monitoring system is to
revolutionize water quality management by enabling continuous, accurate, and proactive monitoring of
water bodies. By leveraging IoT technology, this system aims to provide stakeholders with timely
insights into various water quality parameters, including chemical composition, microbial contamination,
and physical characteristics. Through the establishment of an interconnected network of sensors and
data analytics capabilities, the system seeks to detect contaminants early, facilitating swift responses to
potential threats to public health and the environment. Furthermore, by integrating with existing
infrastructure and enabling remote accessibility, the system strives to enhance operational efficiency,
optimize resource allocation, and promote sustainable water management practices. Ultimately, the
objective is to empower stakeholders with the tools and information necessary to safeguard water
resources, preserve ecosystems, and ensure the availability of clean and safe water for current and
future generations.

The water quality management system uses a variety of techniques. A variety of communication
modules, including Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, are utilized to exchange the real-time data that is read from
the hardware system. Since water quality is a vital implementation for the issue of water pollution, with
increased technological development and innovation in the IOT environment, the real time water
quality monitoring system is remotely monitored by means of data storage, transmission, and
processing. The smart water quality system is made up of a design board, sensors, a WiFi module, and
a personal computer. Using Blynk, the suggested system rapidly gathers three metrics from multiple
sensors: water PH, turbidity, and temperature.
CHAPTER - 2
BACKGROUND THEORY

2.1 Background theory about the area of internship

The background theory for an IoT-based real-time water grade monitoring system lies at the
intersection of environmental science, sensor technology, data analytics, and communication networks.
Environmental science provides the foundational understanding of water quality dynamics,
encompassing the interplay of natural processes and human activities influencing parameters like pH
levels, dissolved oxygen, and pollutant concentrations. Sensor technology contributes crucial
components, with various sensors—ranging from chemical to physical—used for accurate and reliable
data collection.

Data acquisition and transmission principles enable the seamless transfer of sensor data to centralized
platforms, leveraging wireless communication protocols and networking expertise. Advanced data
analytics techniques are then applied to process this data, identifying patterns, trends, and anomalies to
derive actionable insights. Additionally, knowledge of remote sensing complements ground-based
monitoring, expanding coverage and enhancing spatial understanding.

Quality assurance and calibration procedures ensure the accuracy of collected data, while cybersecurity
measures safeguard its integrity. Ultimately, integrating these theoretical underpinnings enables the
development of a comprehensive monitoring system capable of real-time assessment and proactive
management of water quality, vital for safeguarding public health and environmental sustainability.

This enables proactive decision-making and intervention strategies based on actionable insights derived
from the data. Communication networks form the backbone of the system, enabling seamless
transmission of data from sensors to centralized servers or cloud platforms for further analysis and
dissemination. By synthesizing these theoretical frameworks, an IoT-based real-time water grade
monitoring system can provide timely and accurate information crucial for ensuring water safety,
environmental sustainability, and effective resource management.
CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE REVIEW
1. TITLE : IOT BASED REAL TIME WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM

AUTHOR : Pratik More1 , Harcharan Singh Soman1 , Akheel Patel1 , Gaurav Shirke1 , Prof.
Dhanashree Pannase

YEAR : 2022

ABSTRACT : Pollution of water is one of the main threats in recent times as drinking water is getting
contaminated and polluted. Water pollution is one of the biggest fears for the green globalization
Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) and techniques are used in different area of research for monitoring,
collecting and analysis data from remote locations. To make certain the supply of pure water, the
quality of the water should be examined in real-time. . In this paper,we present a design of real time
water quality monitoring system which is used for ease of mankind a detailed review of the latest works
that were implemented in the arena of smart water pollution monitoring systems is presented. The
paper proposes a cost effective and efficient IoT based smart water quality monitoring system which
monitors the quality parameters uninterruptedly. The developed model is tested with water samples and
the parameters are transmitted to the cloud server for further action.

2. TITLE : IOT Based Real Time River Water Quality Monitoring and Control System

AUTHOR : Dinesh P.M1 , Shree Sapnaa K2 , Kiranisha A.J3 , Sabeenian R.S1 , Paramasivam M.E1 ,
Manjunathan

YEAR : 2023

ABSTRACT : Water quality monitoring systems currently in use are manual and involve tedious
processes that are time intensive. This research suggests a system with sensors for water quality
monitoring. Access to real-time data may be obtained through remote monitoring and the Internet of
Things. A wireless sensor network (WSN) contains a micro-controller for data processing, a
mechanism for communicating between and inside nodes and many (IoT). Using Spark flow analysis
with Spark MLlib, deep on it. The agent will receive a warning SMS automatically if the detected value
exceeds the threshold. Our plan to develop a high- frequency, high-mobility, low-power water
monitoring system
makes it special. As a result, the Bangladeshi people will find our proposed approach highly useful in
raising awareness of and putting an end to water pollution.

3. TITLE : Water Quality Monitoring System Based

on IOT AUTHOR : Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr. M.A

Gaikwad YEAR : 2017

ABSTRACT : Water pollution is one of the biggest fears for the green globalization. In order to ensure
the safe supply of the drinking water the quality needs to be monitor in real time. In this paper we
present a design and development of a low cost system for real time monitoring of the water quality in
IOT(internet of things).The system consist of several sensors is used to measuring physical and
chemical parameters of the water. The parameters such as temperature, PH, turbidity, flow sensor of the
water can be measured. The measured values from the sensors can be processed by the core controller.
The Arduino model can be used as a core controller. Finally, the sensor data can be viewed on internet
using WI-FI system.
CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT DETAILS OF INTERNSHIP

COMPONENTS USED
Hardware Components

1. Arduino Mega board

2. PH sensor
3. Temperature sensor
4. Turbidity sensor
5. Wi-Fi module
6. LCD display
7. Jumpers Wires/Cables

SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

1. Arduino ide software:

Brief Description of the Components

 ARDUINO MEGA BOARD

Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It
embodies both a physical programmable circuit board and a piece of software, or IDE that runs on
your computer. Arduino is a microcontroller based prototyping board which can be used in
developing digital devices that can read inputs and turning it into output. The Arduino board can be
programmed to do anything by simply programming the microcontroller on board using a set of
instructions.

Figure :4.1.1 Arduino mega board

SPECIFICATIONS
1) Microcontroller: ATmega2560
2) Operating voltage: 5V
3) Input voltage: 7-12V
4) Digital input/output pins: 54
5) Analog input pins: 16
6) DC current per input/output pin: 20 Ma
7) Flash memory: 256KB
8) SRAM: 8KB
9) EEPROM: 4KB
10) Clock speed: 16MHZ

 PH SENSOR
A pH sensor is a device which is used to detect the acidity and alkalinity of a solution. We are
using this sensor to analyze the acidic and alkaline level of the water. The overall working
principle of pH sensor and pH meter depends upon the exchange of ions from sample solution to
the inner solution (pH 7 buffer) of glass electrode through the glass membrane.

Figure 3.1.2 pH sensor

SPECIFICATIONS
1. Measurement range: 0~14pH 15
2. Temperature: 0~80°C
3. Response time:<1 minute
4. Accuracy: 0.01
  TEMPERATURE SENSOR
A temperature sensor is an electronic device that measures the temperature of its environment and
converts the input data into electronic data to record, monitor, or signal temperature changes. We
used this sensor to analyse the temperature of the water.

Figure 3.1.3 Temperature sensor

SPECIFICATIONS

1. Range: -55~125 °C

2. Operating voltage: 3 ~5V

3. Output Resolution: 9-bit to 12-bit

4. conversion time: 750ms

 TURBIDITY SENSOR

Turbidity is an optical measurement that indicates the presence of suspended particles. It's measured
by shining light through a sample, and quantifying the suspended particle concentration. The more
particles that are in a solution, the higher the turbidity.

SPECIFICATIONS

1. Operating Voltage: 5V

2. Operating current: 30mA

3. Response time:<500msec

4. Operating temperature: -30 - +80C

 WI FI MODULE

The WeMos D1 mini is a miniature wireless 802.11 (Wi-Fi) microcontroller development board. It
turns the very popular ESP8266 wireless microcontroller into a fully-fledged development board.
Programming the D1 mini is as simple as programming any other Arduino based microcontroller as the
module includes a built-in microUSB interface allowing the module to be programmed directly from
the Arduino IDE with no additional hardware. We used this for communication the data of the sensors.

SPECIFICATIONS

1. Operating Voltage: 3.3~5V

2. Operating current: 30Ma

3. Operating Temperature: -30~+80

4. Digital I/O pins: 11

5. Analog input pins: 1

6. Clock Speed: 80MHz

7. Flash: 4M bytes 3.1.6

 LCD DISPLAY

An LCD is an electronic display module that uses liquid crystal to produce a visible image. The 16×2
LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in DIYs and circuits. The 16×2 translates to a
display 16 characters per line in 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in a 5×7-pixel
matrix. It can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.

SPECIFICATIONS
1. Operating Voltage: 4.7~5.3V
2. Operating current: 1mA
3. Display bezel: 72x25mm
4. Character: 32

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Arduino ide software: The program code written in Arduino IDE is known as a sketch. The
Arduino IDE software used for developing sketches for Wemos D1 mini. This IDE contains the
following parts in it. • Text editor: This is where the interpreted code can be written using a
simplified version of C++ programming language. • Message section: It shows error and also gives
a feedback on saving and exporting the code. • Text: The soothe displays text output by the Arduino
environment along with complete error messages and other information • Console Toolbar: This
toolbar encompass various buttons like Verify, Upload, New, Open, Save and Serial Monitor. On
the bottom right hand corner of the window there displays the Development Board and the Serial
Port in use.
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS OF IOT BASED REAL
TIME WATER GRADE MONITORING SYSTEM
The proposed system consists of two main parts: hardware and software.

The hardware includes of sensors temperature sensors, turbidity sensors, and pH sensors, a power
supply, an Arduino Mega 2560, and a Wemos D1 Mini Wi-Fi module.

The software includes of the BLYNK application and the Arduino Software (IDE) as shown in the figure
4.1. The hardware consists of sensors that measure values in real time, an Arduino Mega that converts
analogue values to digital values, an LCD that displays sensor output, and a WiFi module that connects
the hardware and software.

We created a software application based on the C language. The Arduino mega, to which the sensors
are linked, processes the data sensed. The Arduino Mega helps to convert analogue values to digital
ones and is programmed using the Arduino IDE. The Wemos D1 Mini then receives the processed
data. The pH sensor ranges from 6.9 to 7.4, the temperature sensor ranges from 10 to 80 degrees
Celsius, and the turbidity ranges from 0 to 5 NPT. The Wemos D1 Mini Wi-Fi module is programmed
using the Arduino IDE. Finally, with the intervention of the Wi-Fi module, this data is displayed in the
LCD

4.1.1. Block diagram

PH sensor: The acidity and alkalinity of a solution can be determined using a pH sensor. The pH scale
ranges from 0 to 14. It uses a 5V power source and is interfaced with Arduino. A pure water should
have a pH level between 6.5 and 8.5. 11 Turbidity sensor:

Turbidity sensors are used to determine whether soil particles are present. It is connected with an
Arduino board and powered by a 5 V source. Low turbidity results in cleaner water.
Temperature sensor: Water temperature sensor shows how hot or cold the water is. The DS18B20
temperature sensor has a range of -55 to +125 °C. It is a digital output sensor with a single wire. Wi-Fi
MODULE (ESP8266): In order to store all of the measured data on an IoT (Internet of Thing

s) server or cloud, the Wi-Fi Module further processes the data after it has been processed by the
Arduino UNO microcontroller. We use a well-known IoT platform in order to analyse this data daily,
weekly, and monthly. The ESP8266 is a highly popular and versatile Wi-Fi module commonly used in
Internet of Things (IoT) projects .It features a powerful microcontroller and a built-in Wi-Fi module,
allowing it to connect to Wi-Fi networks and communicate with other devices .With its compact size
and low power consumption, the ESP8266 is well-suited for a wide range of applications, from home
automation to sensor monitoring systems .The module is programmable using the Arduino IDE or
other programming languages, making it accessible to both beginners and experienced developers.

4.1.2 Schematic connections of circuit

 4.1.3 Flow chart
ARDUINO MEGA 2250
The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 (datasheet). It has 54
digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is
compatible with most shields designed for the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

 Microcontroller : ATmega2560
 Operating Voltage:5V
 Input Voltage (recommended) :7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits) : 6-20V
 Digital I/O Pins : 54 (of which 14 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins : 16
 DC Current per I/O Pin : 40 Ma
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin :50 Ma
 Flash Memory : 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM : 8 KB
 EEPROM : 4 KB
 Clock Speed : 16 MHz
CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
ARDUINO MEGA 2250

BOARD

The Arduino Mega2560 can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The
power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an ACto-DC
adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm centerpositive plug
into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the
POWER connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less
than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using
more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is
7 to 12 volts. The Mega2560 differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. The
power pins are as follows

: • VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed
to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply 29 voltage
through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin

. • 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the
board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or
another regulated 5V supply.

• 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA. •
GND. Ground pins.

MEMORY

The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used for the
bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM.

INPUT AND OUTPUT

Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a
maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In
addition, some pins have specialized functions:

• Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX); Serial 1: 19 (RX) and 18 (TX); Serial 2: 17 (RX) and 16 (TX); Serial 3: 15
(RX) and 14 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. Pins 0 and 1 are also
connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip

. • External Interrupts: 2 (interrupt 0), 3 (interrupt 1), 18 (interrupt 5), 19 (interrupt 4), 20 (interrupt 3),
and 21 (interrupt 2). These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or
falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details. • PWM: 0 to 13.
Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
• SPI: 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), 53 (SS). These pins support SPI communication, which,
although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language. The
SPI pins are also broken out on the ICSP header, which is physically compatible with the Duemilanove
and Diecimila

. • LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED
is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

• I 2C: 20 (SDA) and 21 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library
(documentation on the Wiring website). Note that these pins are not in the same location as the I2C
pins on the Duemilanove. The Mega2560 has 16 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it
possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and analogReference() function.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:

• AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().

• Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields
which block the one on the board. The Arduino Mega2560 has a number of facilities for
communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega2560
provides four hardware UARTs for TTL (5V) 30 serial communication. An ATmega8U2 on the board
channels one of these over USB and provides a virtual com port to software on the computer (Windows
machines will need a .inf file, but OSX and Linux machines will recognize the board as a COM port
automatically. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be
sent to and from the board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being
transmitted via the ATmega8U2 chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial
communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of
the Mega's digital pins. The ATmega2560 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The
Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation on the
Wiring website for details. To use the SPI communication, please see the ATmega2560 datasheet.

PROGRAMMING

The Arduino Mega2560 can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). For details, see the
reference and tutorials. The Atmega2560 on the Arduino Mega comes preburned with a bootloader that
allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It
communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files). You can also bypass the
bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header;
see these instructions for details.

AUTOMATIC SOFTWARE RESET

Rather then requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Mega2560 is
designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the
hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2 is connected to the reset line of the
ATmega2560 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops
long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by
simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can
have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload. 31
This setup has other implications. When the Mega2560 is connected to either a computer running Mac
OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the
following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Mega2560. While it is programmed to
ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few
bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives
one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it
communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data. The Mega
contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the trace can be
soldered together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to disable the auto-
reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this forum thread for details.

USB OVERCURRENT PROTECTION

The Arduino Mega has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and
overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra
layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break
the connection until the short or overload is removed.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SHIELD COMAPATABILITY

The maximum length and width of the Mega PCB are 4 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the USB
connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Three screw holes allow the board
to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil
(0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins. The Mega is designed to be
compatible with most shields designed for the Diecimila or Duemilanove. Digital pins 0 to 13 (and the
adjacent AREF and GND pins), analog inputs 0 to 5, the power header, and ICSP header are all in
equivalent locations. Further the main UART (serial port) is located on the same pins (0 and 1), as are
external interrupts 0 and 1 (pins 2 and 3 respectively). SPI is available through the ICSP header on both
the Mega and Duemilanove / Diecimila. Please note that I2C is not located on the same pins on the
Mega (20 and 21) as the Duemilanove / Diecimila (analog inputs 4 and 5). Arduino can sense the
environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling
lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino
rogramming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on
Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software on running on
a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).

HOW TO USE ARDUINO

You’ll have to follow different instructions for your personal OS. Check on the Arduino site for the
latest instructions. http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

Linux install , Windows Install, Mac install

Once you have downloaded/unzipped the arduino IDE, you can Plug the Arduino to your PC via USB
cable.
DIMENSION DRAWNG
16*2 LCD DISPLAY FEATURES

• 5 x 8 dots with cursor

• Built-in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent)

• + 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)

• 1/16 duty cycle

• B/L to be

• driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin 15, pin 16 or A.K (LED)

• N.V. optional for + 3V power supply

PH METER
Here comes an analog pH meter, specially designed for Arduino controllers and has built-in simple,
convenient and prac cal connec on and features. It has an LED which works as the Power Indicator, a
BNC connector and PH2.0 sensor interface. To use it, just connect the pH sensor with BNC connector,
and plug the PH2.0 interface into the analog input port of any Arduino controller.

 Power : 5.00V
 Module Size : 43mm×32mm
 Measuring Range:0- 14PH
 Measuring Temperature :0-60 ℃
 Response Time : ≤ 1min
 PH Sensor with BNC Connector
 PH2.0 Interface ( 3 foot patch )
 Gain Adjustment Potenometer

PH CHARACTERISTICS

The output of pH electrode is Millivolts,and the pH value of the rela onship is shown as follows (25 ℃)
 Ph meter connecting device

Step to Use the pH Meter Cau :

Please use an external switching power supply,and the voltage as close as possible to the +5.00V.
More accurate the voltage, more higher the accuracy! Before the electrode in con nuous use every
me,you need to calibrate it by the standard solu on,in order to obtain more accurate results.The best
environment
temperature is about 25 ℃,and the pH value is known and reliable,close to the measured value. If you
measure the acidic sample, the pH value of the standard solu on should be 4.00.If you measure the
alkaline sample, the pH value of the standard solu on should be 9.18.Subsec on calibra on, just in order
to get a be er accuracy. Before the pH electrode measured different solu ons, we need to use water to
wash it. We recommend using deionized water.

(1) Connect equipments according to the graphic,that is,the pH electrode is connected to the BNC
connector on the pH meter board，and then use the connec on lines,the pH meter board is connected to
the ananlong port 0 of the Arduino controller. When the Arduino controller gets power,you will see the
blue LED on board is on.

(2) Upload the sample code to the Arduino controller

(3) Put the pH electrode into the standard solu on whose pH value is 7.00 ，or directly shorted the input
of the BNC connector.Open the serial monitor of the Arduino IDE,you can see the pH value printed on
it,and the error does not exceed 0.3. Record the pH value printed,then compared with 7.00, and the
difference should be changed into the "Offset" in the sample code. For example,the pH value printed is
6.88,so the difference is 0.12.You should change the "# define Offset 0.00" into "# define Offset 0.12"
in your program.

(4) Put the pH electrode into the pH standard solu on whose value is 4.00.Then wait about one
minute,adjust the gain poten al device, let the value stabilise at around 4.00.At this me,the acidic
calibra on has been completed and you can measure the pH value of an acidic solu on. Note:If you
want to measure the pH value of other solu on,you must wash the pH electrode first!

(5) According to the linear characteris cs of pH electrode itself, a er the above calibra on,you can
directly measure the pH value of the alkaline solu on, but if you want to get be er accuracy, you can
recalibrate it. Alkaline calibra on use the standard solu on whose pH value is 9.18.Also adjust the gain
poten al device, let the value stabilise at around 9.18. A er this calibra on, you can measure the pH
value of the alkaline solution.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR CABLE

Product Description: This Maxim-made item is a digital thermo probe or sensor that employs DALLAS
DS18B20. Its unique 1wire interface makes it easy to communicate with devices. It can converts
temperature to a 12-bit digital word in 750ms (max). Besides, it can measures temperatures from -55°C
to +125°C (-67F to +257F). In addition, this thermo probe doesn't require any external power supply
since it draws power from data line. Last but not least, like other common thermo probe, its stainless
steel probe head makes it suitable for any wet or harsh environment

Application:
The DS18B20 Digital Temperature Probe provides 9 to 12 bit (configurable) temperature readings
which indicate the temperature of the d evice. Information is sent to/from the DS18B20 over a 1Wire
interface, so that only one wire (and ground) needs to be connected from a central microprocessor to a
DS18B20. Power f or reading, writing, and performing temperature conversions can be derived from
the data line itself with no need for an external power source. Because each DS18B20 contains a
unique silicon serial number, multiple DS 18B20s can exist on the same 1Wire bus. This allows for
placing temperatur e sensors in many different places. Applications where this feature is useful i nclude
HVAC environmental controls, sensing temperatures inside buildings, equipment or machinery, and
process monitoring and control. IoT based Real-Time water grade monitoring system

AZDM01

AZDM01 has a built-in light detector and a light-emitting element as infrared light source. As shown in
Figure 2, the target liquid flows in the direction indicated by the blue arrow and the emitted light pass
through the liquid indicated by the red arrow. The light intensity is reduced due to the absorption in
liquid and the absorption rate depends on the liquid turbidity, thus, the light intensity detected by the
light detector is varied by the turbidity of liquid. The turbidity can be derived based on the output
signal of the light detector.

PIN ASSIGNMENT
DRIVE CIRCUIT

Output characteristic

Zero-point calibration and measurement method 3.4.1 Zero-point calibration 1. Place AZDM01 in
clear water and avoid the interference of ambient light. 2. Adjust the duty cycle of input PWM until the
output signal reaches 3.8 V and save the duty cycle for 0 NTU. 3.4.2 Measurement method The
turbidity of the medium is defined as f, which is the ratio of the voltage at 0 NTU (U0 = 3.8V) and the
real-time measured
voltage (Um). The lower the ratio factor, the higher the value of turbidity. The formula for the
calculation of turbidity is: f = Um / U0.

MOUNTING DEVICE

 Users must not disassemble the sensor to prevent irreversible damage.

 Ensure that the water flow direction is perpendicular to the path of sensor light
 Please check and clean the sensor surface regularly, which is depending on the application
scenario.
 When cleaning the surface, please use materials, such as cotton gauze or sponge. Using hard
material for cleaning or to wipe the translucent surface of the shell should be avoid to prevent
damaging of sensor housing.
Warning and personal injury
Do not apply this product to safety protection devices or emergency stop equipment, and any
other applications that may cause personal injury due to the product's failure. Do not use this
product unless there is a special purpose or use authorization. Refer to the product data sheet
and application guide before installing, handling, using or maintaining the product. Failure to
follow this recommendation may result in death and serious personal injury. The Company will
not bear any compensation for personal injury and death arising therefrom, and will exempt the
company's managers and employees, affiliated agents, distributors and any other claims that
may arise therefrom, including: various costs, claims, lawyer fees, etc.

Quality assurance

Guangzhou Aosong Electronic Co., Ltd. provides the following quality guarantee to the direct
buyers of its products (from the date of delivery), based on the technical specifications in the
data manual of the products published by Aosong as the standard. Within the warranty period, if
the product is confirmed to be defective, the company will provide free repair or replacement.
IoT based Real-Time water grade monitoring system .
 The company is only responsible for products that are defective when used in applications that
meet the technical conditions of the product. The company does not make any guarantees or
written statements about the application of its products in those special applications. At the
same time, the company does not make any promises about the reliability of its products when
applied to products or circuits not provided by Aosong.

.
CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

.1 Experimental results The pH, temperature, and turbidity of several water samples were analysed
as shown in the Figure 5.1.
Case 1, the sample's pH value and turbidity level of soap water is measured, whereas in
Case 2 the sample's pH value and turbidity level of mud water is measured and displayed on the
LCD.
Case 3. the sample's pH value and turbidity level of pure water is measured and displayed on the
LCD

6.1.1 SOAP WATER

6.1.2 MUD WATER

6.1.3 PURE WATER
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
We may conclude that the suggested system is more suited to monitoring the water quality parameters
in real time based on the analysis of existing water quality monitoring systems. In order to monitor the
quality of the water, this system provides wireless sensor networking. Additionally, a cloud or web
computing platform like Blynk is used to monitor data on the internet, and an IoT environment is
offered to monitor data from all around the world using Arduino to build gateways. As a result, the
system will be quicker, more effective in real time, and more user-friendly.

The IoT-based water grade detection and monitoring system has shown great potential in improving
water quality management and ensuring the safety of water resources. By integrating IoT devices,
sensors, and data analytics, this technology allows real-time monitoring, data collection, and analysis of
water quality parameters. The system's ability to detect various water quality indicators such as pH
level, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and contaminants provides valuable insights for water management
authorities, environmental agencies, and industries that rely on clean water sourceWi-Fi module makes
sensor network easier and more effective.

IoT-based real-time water grade monitoring system represents a significant advancement in water
quality management, offering a proactive and data-driven approach to safeguarding water resources.
By integrating environmental science, sensor technology, data analytics, and communication networks,
this system enables continuous monitoring of key water quality parameters, allowing for early
detection of contaminants and timely intervention. Through the synthesis of interdisciplinary
knowledge and technological innovation, stakeholders gain access to actionable insights that can
inform decision- making, enhance resource allocation, and mitigate risks to public health and the
environment. Looking ahead, the future scope of this system is promising, with opportunities for
further refinement and expansion. Future developments may include the integration of advanced sensor
technologies, such as nanosensors and remote sensing platforms, to enhance monitoring capabilities
and spatial coverage. Additionally, advancements in data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine
learning hold the potential to improve predictive modeling and anomaly detection, enabling more
precise and proactive water quality management strategies.
REFERENCES
[1] Prototype of solar based smart water quality monitoring system e-ISSN:

23950056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072, 1Sowmyashree N, 2Abhishek S Viraktamath, 3Sanjeeda

Yasmin

[2] Author(s), "Title of Academic Paper," Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Range, Year.

[3]Author(s), "Title of Sensor Technology Study," Conference/Journal Name, Page Range, Year.

[4]Standard Organization, "Title of Technical Standard," Standard Number, Year.

[5] Market Research Firm, "Title of Industry Report," Report Number, Year.

[6] Solar Based Water Quality Monitoring system using IoT (ISSN-2349-5162)

Tamma Ram Sai Reddy1 , Vuyyuru Hemanth Sai2 , Mallireddy Anand Krishna Reddy3 ,

Balireddy Praveen4 , Medarametla Venkateswarlu5